Incidence, prevalence and clinical correlates of antidepressant-emergent mania in bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bipolar Disorders

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2018, Pages 195-227

  Fornaro, Michele ^a   Anastasia, Annalisa ^a   Novello, Stefano ^a   Fusco, Andrea ^a   Solmi, Marco ^b,c   Monaco, Francesco ^d   Veronese, Nicola ^c,e   De Berardis, Domenico ^f   de Bartolomeis, Andrea ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SALERNO   (Italy)

^e CNR   (Italy)

^f Asl Teramo National Health Care Service   (Italy)

Author keywords

antidepressant; bipolar disorder; incidence; meta analysis; switch; systematic review

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; LITHIUM;

ADVERSE DRUG REACTION; AGE; ANTIDEPRESSANT EMERGENT MANIA; ANXIETY; BIPOLAR DEPRESSION; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMORBIDITY; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MANIA; META ANALYSIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SEX; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; DEPRESSION;

ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DEPRESSION; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; PREVALENCE;

EID: 85042044741     PISSN: 13985647     EISSN: 13995618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12612     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Pacchiarotti I, Bond DJ, Baldessarini RJ, et al. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) task force report on antidepressant use in bipolar disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:1249-1262.
2. Ghaemi SN, Ko JY, Goodwin FK. The bipolar spectrum and the antidepressant view of the world. J Psychiatr Pract. 2001;7:287-297.
3. Ghaemi SN, Hsu DJ, Soldani F, Goodwin FK. Antidepressants in bipolar disorder: the case for caution. Bipolar Disord. 2003;5:421-433.
4. Goldberg JF, Nassir GS. Benefits and limitations of antidepressants and traditional mood stabilizers for treatment of bipolar depression. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7:3-12.
5. Fornaro M, De Berardis D, Koshy AS, et al. Prevalence and clinical features associated with bipolar disorder polypharmacy: a systematic review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:719.
6. El-Mallakh RS, Ghaemi SN, Sagduyu K, et al. Antidepressant-associated chronic irritable dysphoria (ACID) in STEP-BD patients. J Affect Disord. 2008;111:372-377.
7. Altshuler LL, Post RM, Leverich GS, Mikalauskas K, Rosoff A, Ackerman L. Antidepressant-induced mania and cycle acceleration: a controversy revisited. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1130-1138.
8. Lee H-J, Son G-H, Geum D. Circadian rhythm hypotheses of mixed features, antidepressant treatment resistance, and manic switching in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Investig. 2013;10:225-232.
9. Henry C, Sorbara F, Lacoste J, Gindre C, Leboyer M. Antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar patients: identification of risk factors. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62:249-255.
10. Tohen M, Frank E, Bowden CL, et al. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force report on the nomenclature of course and outcome in bipolar disorders. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11:453-473.
11. Bunney WE, Goodwin FK, Murphy DL, House KM, Gordon EK. The switch process in manic-depressive illness: II. Relationship to catecholamines, REM sleep, and drugs. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1972;27:304-309.
12. Baldessarini RJ, Leahy L, Arcona S, Gause D, Zhang W, Hennen J. Patterns of psychotropic drug prescription for US patients with diagnoses of bipolar disorders. Psychiatr Serv. 2007;58:85-91.
13. Tondo L, Vázquez G, Baldessarini R. Mania associated with antidepressant treatment: comprehensive meta-analytic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;121:404-414.
14. Allain N, Leven C, Falissard B, et al. Manic switches induced by antidepressants: an umbrella review comparing randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2017;135:106-116.
15. Bond DJ, Noronha MM, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Lam RW, Yatham LN. Antidepressant-associated mood elevations in bipolar II disorder compared with bipolar I disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:1589.
16. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4:1.
17. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. JAMA. 2000;283:2008-2012.
18. McGauran N, Wieseler B, Kreis J, Schuler YB, Kolsch H, Kaiser T. Reporting bias in medical research - a narrative review. Trials. 2010;11:37.
19. Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998;52:377-384.
20. Young R, Biggs J, Ziegler V, Meyer D. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978;133:429-435.
21. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177-188.
22. Borenstein M, Hedges L, Higgins J, Rothstein H. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2. Englewood, NJ: Biostat; 2005:104.
23. Higgins J, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011.
24. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629-634.
25. Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics. 2000;56:455-463.
26. Allen IE, Olkin I. Estimating time to conduct a meta-analysis from number of citations retrieved. JAMA. 1999;282:634.
27. Altshuler L, Post R, Hellemann G, et al. Impact of antidepressant continuation after acute positive or partial treatment response for bipolar depression: a blinded, randomized study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70:450-457.
28. Altshuler LL, Sugar CA, McElroy SL, et al. Switch rates during acute treatment for bipolar II depression with lithium, sertraline, or the two combined: a randomized double-blind comparison. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:266-276.
29. Amsterdam J, Shults J. Comparison of fluoxetine, olanzapine, and combined fluoxetine plus olanzapine initial therapy of bipolar type I and type II major depression–lack of manic induction. J Affect Disord. 2005;87:121-130.
30. Amsterdam J, Shults J. Comparison of short-term venlafaxine versus lithium monotherapy for bipolar II major depressive episode: a randomized open-label study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;28:171-181.
31. Amsterdam J, Shults J, Brunswick D, Hundert M. Short-term fluoxetine monotherapy for bipolar type II or bipolar NOS major depression - low manic switch rate. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6:75-81.
32. Benazzi F, Berk M, Frye MA, Wang W, Barraco A, Tohen M. Olanzapine/fluoxetine combination for the treatment of mixed depression in bipolar I disorder: a post hoc analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70:1424-1431.
33. Brown E, Dunner DL, McElroy SL, et al. Olanzapine/fluoxetine combination vs. lamotrigine in the 6-month treatment of bipolar I depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009;12:773-782.
34. Calabrese JR, Guelfi JD, Perdrizet-Chevallier C. Agomelatine adjunctive therapy for acute bipolar depression: preliminary open data. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9:628-635.
35. Carlson GA, Finch SJ, Fochtmann LJ, et al. Antidepressant-associated switches from depression to mania in severe bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9:851-859.
36. de Aguiar FA, Vasconcelos AG, Neves FS, Correa H. Affective temperaments and antidepressant response in the clinical management of mood disorders. J Affect Disord. 2014;155:138-141.
37. Fonseca M, Soares JC, Hatch JP, Santin AP, Kapczinski F. An open trial of adjunctive escitalopram in bipolar depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:81-86.
38. Fornaro M, McCarthy MJ, De Berardis D, et al. Adjunctive agomelatine therapy in the treatment of acute bipolar II depression: a preliminary open label study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013;9:243-251.
39. Frankle WG, Perlis RH, Deckersbach T, et al. Bipolar depression: relationship between episode length and antidepressant treatment. Psychol Med. 2002;32:1417-1423.
40. Frye MA, Grunze H, Suppes T, et al. A placebo-controlled evaluation of adjunctive modafinil in the treatment of bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1242-1249.
41. Frye MA, Helleman G, McElroy SL, et al. Correlates of treatment-emergent mania associated with antidepressant treatment in bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166:164-172.
42. Frye MA, McElroy SL, Prieto ML, et al. Clinical risk factors and serotonin transporter gene variants associated with antidepressant-induced mania. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76:174-180.
43. Gao K, Kemp DE, Ganocy SJ, et al. Treatment-emergent mania/hypomania during antidepressant monotherapy in patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2008;10:907-915.
44. Ghaemi SN, Rosenquist KJ, Ko JY, Baldassano CF, Kontos NJ, Baldessarini RJ. Antidepressant treatment in bipolar versus unipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:163-165.
45. Goldberg JF, Whiteside JE. The association between substance abuse and antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar disorder: a preliminary study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:791-795.
46. Gorwood P, Richard-Devantoy S, Sentissi O, Le Strat Y, Olie JP. The number of past manic episodes is the best predictor of antidepressant-emergent manic switch in a cohort of bipolar depressed patients. Psychiatry Res. 2016;240:288-294.
47. Joffe RT, MacQueen GM, Marriott M, Robb J, Begin H, Young LT. Induction of mania and cycle acceleration in bipolar disorder: effect of different classes of antidepressant. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;105:427-430.
48. Joffe RT, MacQueen GM, Marriott M, Young LT. One-year outcome with antidepressant–treatment of bipolar depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005;112:105-109.
49. Lieberman DZ, Kolodner G, Massey SH, Williams KP. Antidepressant-induced mania with concomitant mood stabilizer in patients with comorbid substance abuse and bipolar disorder. J Addict Dis. 2009;28:348-355.
50. McElroy SL, Weisler RH, Chang W, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine and paroxetine as monotherapy in adults with bipolar depression (EMBOLDEN II). J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71:163-174.
51. Mundo E, Cattaneo E, Russo M, Altamura AC. Clinical variables related to antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2006;92:227-230.
52. Nemeroff CB, Evans DL, Gyulai L, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of imipramine and paroxetine in the treatment of bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:906-912.
53. Niitsu T, Fabbri C, Serretti A. Predictors of switch from depression to mania in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2015;66–67:45-53.
54. Nolen W, Kupka R, Hellemann G, et al. Tranylcypromine vs. lamotrigine in the treatment of refractory bipolar depression: a failed but clinically useful study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007;115:360-365.
55. Pacchiarotti I, Valenti M, Colom F, et al. Differential outcome of bipolar patients receiving antidepressant monotherapy versus combination with an antimanic drug. J Affect Disord. 2011;129:321-326.
56. Post R, Altshuler L, Frye M, et al. Rate of switch in bipolar patients prospectively treated with second-generation antidepressants as augmentation to mood stabilizers. Bipolar Disord. 2001;3:259-265.
57. Post RM, Altshuler LL, Leverich GS, et al. Mood switch in bipolar depression: comparison of adjunctive venlafaxine, bupropion and sertraline. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189:124-131.
58. Sarisoy G, Pazvantoglu O. Sociodemographic and clinical features of antidepressant-induced hypomanic and manic switch in patients with bipolardisorder. Dusunen Adam. 2013;26:122-130.
59. Sepede G, lorio G, Lupi M, et al. Bupropion as an add-on therapy in depressed bipolar disorder type I patients with comorbid cocaine dependence. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2014;37:17-21.
60. Serretti A, Artioli P, Zanardi R, Rossini D. Clinical features of antidepressant associated manic and hypomanic switches in bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2003;27:751-757.
61. Takeshima M, Oka T. Association between the so-called “activation syndrome” and bipolar II disorder, a related disorder, and bipolar suggestive features in outpatients with depression. J Affect Disord. 2013;151:196-202.
62. Tohen M, Vieta E, Calabrese J, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine and olanzapine-fluoxetine combination in the treatment of bipolar I depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:1079-1088.
63. Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ, Vazquez G, Lepri B, Visioli C. Clinical responses to antidepressants among 1036 acutely depressed patients with bipolar or unipolar major affective disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;127:355-364.
64. Tundo A, Calabrese JR, Proietti L, de Filippis R. Short-term antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression: are ISBD recommendations useful in clinical practice? J Affect Disord. 2015;171:155-160.
65. Valenti M, Pacchiarotti I, Bonnin CM, et al. Risk factors for antidepressant-related switch to mania. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73:e271-e276.
66. Vieta E, Martinez-Arán A, Goikolea J, et al. A randomized trial comparing paroxetine and venlafaxine in the treatment of bipolar depressed patients taking mood stabilizers. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:508-512.
67. Viktorin A, Lichtenstein P, Thase ME, et al. The risk of switch to mania in patients with bipolar disorder during treatment with an antidepressant alone and in combination with a mood stabilizer. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;171:1067-1073.
68. Woo YS, Shim IH, Wang HR, Song HR, Jun TY, Bahk WM. A diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorder predicts diagnostic conversion from unipolar depression to bipolar disorder: a 5-year retrospective study. J Affect Disord. 2015;174:83-88.
69. Yatham LN, Vieta E, Goodwin GM, et al. Agomelatine or placebo as adjunctive therapy to a mood stabiliser in bipolar I depression: randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;208:78-86.
70. Young LT, Joffe RT, Robb JC, MacQueen GM, Marriott M, Patelis-Siotis I. Double-blind comparison of addition of a second mood stabilizer versus an antidepressant to an initial mood stabilizer for treatment of patients with bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:124-126.
71. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960;23:56-62.
72. Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry. 1979;134:382-389.
73. Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Haykal RF, Manning JS, Connor PD. TEMPS-A: progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the temperament evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. J Affect Disord. 2005;85:3-16.
74. Hadjipavlou G, Mok H, Yatham LN. Bipolar II disorder: an overview of recent developments. Can J Psychiatry. 2004;49:802-812.
75. Einat H, Yuan P, Gould TD, et al. The role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway in mood modulation. J Neurosci. 2003;23:7311-7316.
76. Vieta E, Angst J, Reed C, Bertsch J, Haro JM. Predictors of switching from mania to depression in a large observational study across Europe (EMBLEM). J Affect Disord. 2009;118:118-123.
77. Fornaro M, De Berardis D, Iasevoli F, et al. Treatment adherence towards prescribed medications in bipolar-II acute depressed patients: relationship with cyclothymic temperament and “therapeutic sensation seeking” in response towards subjective intolerance to pain. J Affect Disord. 2013;151:596-604.
78. Fornaro M, De Berardis D, Iasevoli F, et al. Corrigendum to ‘Treatment adherence towards prescribed medications in bipolar-II acute depressed patients: relationship with cyclothymic temperament and ‘therapeutic sensation seeking'in response towards subjective intolerance to pain’[J. Affect. Disord. 151 (2) (November 2013), 596–604]. J Affect Disord C. 2014;170:22.
79. Niitsu T, Fabbri C, Serretti A. Predictors of switch from depression to mania in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2015;66:45-53.
80. Tsuang MT, Tohen M, Jones P. Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2011.
81. Ghaemi SN, Dalley S. The bipolar spectrum: conceptions and misconceptions. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014;48:314-324.
82. Fornaro M, Giosuè P. Current nosology of treatment resistant depression: a controversy resistant to revision. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2010;6:20.
83. Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Causation and causal inference in epidemiology. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:S144-S150.
84. Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? J R Soc Med. 2015;108:32-37.
85. Susser M. What is a cause and how do we know one? A grammar for pragmatic epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;133:635-648.
86. Sachs GS, Thase ME, Otto MW, et al. Rationale, design, and methods of the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD). Biol Psychiat. 2003;53:1028-1042.
87. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. The PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097.