Spatiotemporal variability of snow depth across the Eurasian continent from 1966 to 2012

Cryosphere

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 227-245

  Zhong, Xinyue ^a   Zhang, Tingjun ^b   Kang, Shichang ^a,c   Wang, Kang ^d   Zheng, Lei ^e   Hu, Yuantao ^b   Wang, Huijuan ^b  

^a Chinese Academy of Sciences   (China)

^b LANZHOU UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c CAS CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN TIBETAN PLATEAU EARTH SCIENCES   (China)

^d UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^e WUHAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; DEPTH DETERMINATION; ENERGY BALANCE; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; LAND SURFACE; REMOTE SENSING; SNOW COVER; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SURFACE ENERGY; THERMAL REGIME; WATER SUPPLY;

KAMCHATKA; KAMCHATKA PENINSULA; RUSSIAN FEDERATION; SAKHALIN; USSR; YENISEI BASIN;

EID: 85041231993     PISSN: 19940416     EISSN: 19940424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/tc-12-227-2018     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. AMAP: Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA), Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway, 553 pp., 2011.
2. Armstrong, R. L.: Historical Soviet daily snow depth, version 2 (HSDSD), CD-ROM, National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado, 2001.
3. Armstrong, R. L. and Brown, R.: Introduction, in: Snow and climate: Physical processes, surface energy exchange and modeling, edited by: R. L. Armstrong, and Brun, E., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1-11, 2008.
4. Barnett, T. P., Adam, J. C., and Letternmaier, D. P.: Potential impact of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Nature, 438, 303-309, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04141, 2005.
5. Brasnett, B.: A global analysis of snow depth for numerical weather prediction, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 726-740, 1999.
6. Brown, R. D.: Northern Hemisphere snow cover variability and change, 1915-97, J. Climate, 13, 2339-2355, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)0132339:NHSCVA2.0.CO;2, 2000.
7. Brown, R. D. and Goodison, B. E.: Interannual variability in reconstructed Canadian snow cover, 1915-1992, J. Climate, 9, 1299-1318, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)0091299:IVIRCS2.0.CO;2, 1996.
8. Brown, R. D. and Robinson, D. A.: Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover variability and change over 1922-2010 including an assessment of uncertainty, The Cryosphere, 5, 219-229, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-219-2011, 2011.
9. Bühler, Y., Adams, M. S., Bösch, R., and Stoffel, A.: Mapping snow depth in alpine terrain with unmanned aerial systerms (UASs): potential and limitations, The Cryosphere, 10, 1075-1088, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1075-2016, 2016.
10. Bulygina, O. N., Razuvaev, V. N., and Korshunova, N. N.: Changes in snow cover over Northern Eurasia in the last few decades, Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 045026, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045026, 2009.
11. Bulygina, O. N., Groisman, P. Y., Razuvaev, V. N., and Korshunova, N. N.: Changes in snow cover characteristics over Northern Eurasia since 1966, Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 045204, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045204, 2011.
12. Callaghan, T. V., Johansson, M., Brown, R. D., Groisman, P. Y., Labba, N., and Radionov, V.: The changing face of Arctic snow cover: A synthesis of observed and projected changes, Ambio, 40, 17-31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0212-y, 2011.
13. Che, T., Dai, L., Zheng, X., Li, X., and Zhao, K.: Estimation of snow depth from passive microwave brightness temperature data in forest regions of northeast China, Remote Sens. Environ., 183, 334-349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.06.005, 2016.
14. Cohen, J. L.: Eurasian snow cover variability and links with stratosphere-troposphere coupling and their potential use in seasonal to decadal climate predictions, in: Climate test bed joint seminar series, NCEP, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Camp Springs, Maryland, 6 pp., 2011.
15. Derksen, C., Walker, A., and Goodison, B.: A comparison of 18 winter seasons of in situ and passive microwave-derived snow water equivalent estimates inWestern Canada, Remote Sens. Environ., 88, 271-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.07.003, 2003.
16. Dickerson-Lange, S. E., Lutz, J. A., Martin, K. A., Raleigh, M. S., Gersonde, R., and Lundquist, J. D.: Evaluating observational methods to quantify snow duration under diverse forest canopies, Water Resour. Res., 51, 1203-1224, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015744, 2015.
17. Dressler, K. A., Leavesley, G. H., Bales, R. C., and Fassnacht, S. R.: Evaluation of gridded snow water equivalent and satellite snow cover products for mountain basins in a hydrologic model, Hydrol. Process., 20, 673-688, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6130, 2006.
18. Fallot, J., Barry, B. G., and Hoogstrate, D.: Variations of mean cold season temperature, precipitation and snow depths during the last 100 years in the former Soviet Union (FSU), Hydrolog. Sci. J., 42, 301-327, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669709492031, 1997.
19. Folland, C. K. and Karl, T. R.: Observed climate variability and change, in: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, edited by: Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., Linden P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C. A., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 99-181, 2001.
20. Foster, J. L., Chang, A. T. C., and Hall, D. K.: Comparison of snow mass estimates from a prototype passive microwave snow algorithm, Remote Sens. Environ., 62, 132-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00085-0, 1997.
21. Frauenfeld, O. W., Zhang, T., and Barry, R. G.: Interdecadal changes in seasonal freeze and thaw depth in Russia, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D05101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004245, 2004.
22. Goodrich, L. E.: The influence of snow cover on the ground thermal regime, Can. Geotech. J., 19, 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1139/t82-047, 1982.
23. Grippaa, M., Mognarda, N., Le Toana, T., and Josberger, E. G.: Siberia snow depth climatology derived from SSM/I data using a combined dynamic and static algorithm, Remote Sens. Environ., 93, 30-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.012, 2004.
24. Groisman, P., Knight, R., Razuvaev, V., Bulygina, O., and Karl, T.: State of the Ground: Climatology and Changes during the Past 69 Years over Northern Eurasia for a Rarely Used Measure of Snow Cover and Frozen Land, J. Climate, 19, 4933-4955, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3925.1, 2006.
25. Grünewald, T. and Lehning, M.: Altitudinal dependency of snow amounts in two small alpine catchments: can catchment-wide snow amounts be estimated via single snow or precipitation stations?, Ann. Glaciol., 52, 153-158, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756411797252248, 2011.
26. Grünewald, T. and Lehning, M.: Can a point measurement represent the snow depth in its vicinity? A comparison of areal snow depth measurements with selected index sites, Proceedings of the International Snow ScienceWorkshop, 7-11 October 2013, Grenoble, France, 69-72, 2013.
27. Grünewald, T., Bühler, Y., and Lehning, M.: Elevation dependency of mountain snow depth, The Cryosphere, 8, 2381-2394, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2381-2014, 2014.
28. Hedstrom, N. R. and Pimeroy, J. W.: Measurement and modelling of snow interception in the boreal forest, Hydrol. Process., 12, 1611-1625, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199808/09)12:10/113.0.CO;2-4, 1998.
29. Hopkinson, C., Sitar, M., Chasmer, L., and Treitz, P.: Mapping snowpack depth beneath forest canopies using airborne lidar, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. Sens., 70, 323-330, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.70.3.323, 2004.
30. IGOS-Integrated Global Observing Strategy: Cryosphere Theme Report-For the monitoring of our environment from space and from earth, WMO/TD-No. 1405, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 100 pp., 2007.
31. IPCC: Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M. M. B., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J. B., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, USA, 1535 pp., 2013.
32. Ji, Z. and Kang, S.: Projection of snow cover changes over China under RCP scenarios, Clim. Dynam., 41, 589-600, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1473-2, 2013.
33. Khaliq, M. N., Ouarda, T. B. M. J., Gachon, P., Sushama, L., and St-Hilaire, A.: Indentification of hydrological trends in the presence of serial and cross correlations: A review of selected methods and their application to annual flow regimes of Canadian rivers, J. Hydrol., 368, 117-130, 2009.
34. King, J. C., Pomeroy, J. W., Gray, D. M., Fierz, C., Fohn, P., Harding, R. J., Jordan, R. E., Martin, E., and Pluss, C.: Snowatmosphere energy and mass balance, in: Snow and Climate: Physical Processes, Surface Energy Exchange and Modeling, edited by: Armstrong, R. L. and Brun, E., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 70-124, 2008.
35. Kitaev, L., Kislov, A., Krenke, A., Razuvaev, V., Martuganov, R., and Konstantinov, I.: The snow cover characteristics of northern Eurasia and their relationship to climatic parameters, Boreal Environ. Res., 7, 437-445, 2002.
36. Kitaev, L., Førland, E., Razuvaev, V., Tveito, O. E., and Krueger, O.: Distribution of snow cover over Northern Eurasia, Nord. Hydrol., 36, 311-319, 2005.
37. Kudryavtsev, V. A.: Principles of frozen ground forecasting during engineering and geocryological investigations (in Chinese), edited by: Cheng, G., translated from Russian by: Guo, D., Ma, S., and Ding, D., Lanzhou University Press, Lanzhou, China, 1992.
38. Kuusisto, E.: Snow accumulation and snowmelt in Finland, Publications of the Water Research Institute, v. 55, Valtion painatuskeskus, Helsinki, 149 pp., 1984.
39. Lazar, B. and Williams, M.: Climate change in western ski areas: potential changes in the timing of wet avalanches and snow quality for the Aspen ski area in the years 2030 and 2100, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 51, 219-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.03.015, 2008.
40. Lehning, M., Grünewald, T., and Schirmer, M.: Mountain snow distribution governed by an altitudinal gradient and terrain roughness, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L19504, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048927, 2011.
41. Li, P. and Mi, D.: Distribution of snow cover in China, J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 5, 9-18, 1983.
42. Ling, F. and Zhang, T.: Modeling the effect of variations in snowpack-disappearence date on surface-energy balance on the Alaskan north slope, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 37, 483-489, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0483:MTEOVI]2.0.CO;2, 2005.
43. Liston, G. E. and Hiemstra, C. A.: The changing cryosphere: Pan-Arctic snow trends (1979-2009), J. Climate, 24, 5691-5712, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00081.1, 2011.
44. Ma, L. and Qin, D.: Spatial-temporal characteristics of observed key parameters for snow cover in China during 1957-2009, J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 34, 1-11, 2012.
45. Nayak, A., Marks, D., Chandler, D. G., and Seyfried, M.: Long-term snow, climate, and streamflow trends at the Reynolds Creek experimental watershed, Owyhee Mountains, Idaho, United States, Water Resour. Res., 46, W06519, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007525, 2010.
46. Neter, J.,Wasserman,W., and Kutner, M. H.: Applied linear regression model, IRWIN, Boston, 842 pp., 1989.
47. Park, H., Walsh, J. E., Kim, Y., Nakai, T., and Ohata, T.: The role of declining Arctic sea ice in recent decreasing terrestrial Arctic snow depths, Polar Sci., 7, 174-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2012.10.002, 2013.
48. Park, H., Fedorov, A. N., Zheleznyak, M. N., Konstantinov, P. Y., and Walsh, J. E.: Effect of snow cover on pan-Arctic permafrost thermal regimes, Clim. Dynam., 44, 2873-2895, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2356-5, 2015.
49. Peng, S., Piao, S., Ciais, P., Fang, J., and Wang, X.: Change in winter snow depth and its impacts on vegetation in China, Global Change Biol., 16, 3004-3013, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02210.x, 2010.
50. Pomeroy, J. W., Bewley, D. S., Essery, R. L. H., Hedstrom, N. R., Link, T., Granger, R. J., Sicart, J.-E., Ellis, C. R., and Janowicz, J. R.: Shrub tundra snowmelt, Hydrol. Process., 20, 923-941, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6124, 2006.
51. Rees, A., English, M., Derksen, C., Toose, P., and Silis, A.: Observations of late winter Canadian tundra snow cover properties, Hy-drol. Process., 28, 3962-3977, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9931, 2014.
52. Revuelto, J., López-Moreno, J. I., Azorin-Molina, C., and Vicente-Serrano, S. M.: Topographic control of snowpack distribution in a small catchment in the central Spanish Pyrenees: intraand inter-annual persistence, The Cryosphere, 8, 1989-2006, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1989-2014, 2014.
53. Robinson, D. A., Dewey, K. F., and Heim, R. R.: Global snow cover monitoring: An update, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 74, 1689-1696, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1993)0741689:GSCMAU2.0.CO;2, 1993.
54. Scientific Knowledge: http://www.zgqxb.com.cn/kjzg/kpzl/kpzs/200911/t20091113-1701.htm, last access: 13 November 2009.
55. Storch, H. V.: Misuses of Statistical Analysis in Climate Research, in: Analysis of Climate Variability, edited by: Storch, H. V. and Navarra, A., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 11-26, 1999.
56. Stuefer, S., Kane, D. L., and Liston, G. E.: In situ snow water equivalent observations in the US Arctic, Hydrol. Res., 44, 21-34, https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.177, 2013.
57. Sturm, M., McFadden, J. P., Liston, G. E., Chapin III, F. S., Racine, C. H., and Holmgren, J.: Snow-shrub interactions in Arctic tundra: A hypothesis with climatic implications, J. Climate, 14, 336-344, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)0140336:SSIIAT2.0.CO;2, 2001.
58. Tao, J., Zhang, X., Tao, J., and Shen, Q.: The checking and removing of the autocorrelation in climatic time series, J. Appl. Meteorol. Sci., 19, 47-52, 2008.
59. Terzago, S., Hardenberg, J. Palazzi, E., and Provenzale, A.: Snowpack changes in the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalaya from CMIP5 global climate models, J. Hydrometeorol., 15, 2293-2313, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0196.1, 2014.
60. Veselov, V. M.: PC archives of the State Data Holding and technology of their organization, Proceedings of the RIHMI-WDC (Russian Research Institute for Hydrometeorological Information-World Data Center), 170, 16-30, 2002.
61. Weatherhead, E. C., Reinsel, G. C., Tiao, G. C., Meng, X., Choi, D., Cheang, W., Keller, T., DeLuisi, J., Wuebbles, D. J., Kerr, J. B., Miller, A. J., Oltmans, S. J., and Frederick, J. E.: Factors affecting the detection of trends: Statistical considerations and applications to environmental data, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17149-17161, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00995, 1998.
62. Wei, Z. and Dong, W.: Assessment of Simulations of Snow Depth in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Using CMIP5 Multi-Models, Arct. Antarc. Alp. Res., 47, 611-625, https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0014-050, 2015.
63. WMO: Guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation, WMO-No. 8, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996.
64. Xu, W., Ma, L., Ma, M., Zhang, H., and Yuan, W.: Spatialtemporal variability of snow cover and depth in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, J. Climate, 30, 1521-1533, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0732.1, 2017.
65. Ye, H. C., Cho, H. R., and Gustafson, P. E.: The changes in Russian winter snow accumulation during 1936-83 and its spatial patterns, J. Climate, 11, 856-863, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)0110856:TCIRWS2.0.CO;2, 1998.
66. Ye, K., Wu, R., and Liu Y.: Interdecadal change of Eurasian snow, surface temperature, and atmospheric circulation in the late 1980s, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 2738-2753, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023148, 2015.
67. You, Q., Kang, S., Ren, G., Fraedrich, K., Pepin, N., Yan, Y., and Ma, L.: Observed changes in snow depth and number of snow days in the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau, Clim. Res., 46, 171-183, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00985, 2011.
68. Zhang, T.: Influence of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime: An overview, Rev. Geophys., 43, RG4002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004RG000157, 2005.
69. Zhang, T.: Progress in global permafrost and climate change studies, Quaternary Sci., 32, 27-38, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2012.01.03, 2012.
70. Zhang, T. and Zhong, X.: Classification and regionalization of the seasonal snow cover across the Eurasian continent, J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 36, 481-490, 2014.
71. Zhang, T., Osterkamp, T. E., and Stamnes, K.: Influence of the depth hoar layer of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime, Water Resour. Res., 32, 2075-2086, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR00996, 1996.
72. Zhang, T., Barry, R. G., Gilichinsky, D., Bykhovets, S. S., Sorokovikov, V. A., and Ye, J.: An amplified signal of climatic change in soil temperatures during the last century at Irkutsk, Russia, Climatic Change, 49, 41-76, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010790203146, 2001.
73. Zhao, H., Higuchi, K., Waller, J., Auld, H., and Mote, T.: The impacts of the PNA and NAO on annual maximum snowpack over southern Canada during 1979-2009, Int. J. Climatol., 33, 388-395, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3431, 2013.
74. Zheng, L., Zhang, T., Che, T., Zhong, X., andWang, K.: Evaluation of snow depth products derived from passive microwave satellite remote sensing data using ground-based snow measurements, Remote Sens. Technol. Appl., 30, 413-423, 2015.
75. Zhong, X., Zhang, T., and Wang, K.: Snow density climatology across the former USSR, The Cryosphere, 8, 785-799, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-785-2014, 2014.