Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Bangladesh: a cluster randomised controlled trial

The Lancet Global Health

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2018, Pages e302-e315

  Luby, Stephen P ^a   Rahman, Mahbubur ^b   Arnold, Benjamin F ^c   Unicomb, Leanne ^b   Ashraf, Sania ^b   Winch, Peter J ^d   Stewart, Christine P ^e   Begum, Farzana ^b   Hussain, Faruqe ^b   Benjamin Chung, Jade ^c   Leontsini, Elli ^d   Naser, Abu M ^b   Parvez, Sarker M ^b   Hubbard, Alan E ^c   Lin, Audrie ^c   Nizame, Fosiul A ^b   Jannat, Kaniz ^b   Ercumen, Ayse ^c   Ram, Pavani K ^f   Das, Kishor K ^b   Abedin, Jaynal ^b   Clasen, Thomas F ^g   Dewey, Kathryn G ^e   Fernald, Lia C ^c   Null, Clair ^g   Ahmed, Tahmeed ^b   Colford, John M ^c   more..

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL DISEASE RESEARCH   (Bangladesh)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^g EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BANGLADESH; CHILD; CHILD GROWTH; COMMUNITY CARE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; FOLLOW UP; HAND WASHING; HUMAN; KERNEL METHOD; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; NUTRITION; PREGNANT WOMAN; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; SANITATION; SECOND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; TRAINING; WATER QUALITY; YOUNG ADULT; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD NUTRITION; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; HAND DISINFECTION; INFANT; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROGRAM EVALUATION; RURAL POPULATION; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADULT; BANGLADESH; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HAND DISINFECTION; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; PREGNANCY; PROGRAM EVALUATION; RURAL POPULATION; SANITATION; WATER QUALITY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85041180172     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2214109X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30490-4     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Lu, C, Black, MM, Richter, LM, Risk of poor development in young children in low-income and middle-income countries: an estimation and analysis at the global, regional, and country level. Lancet Glob Health 4 (2016), e916–e922.
2. Black, MM, Walker, SP, Fernald, LC, et al. Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course. Lancet 389 (2016), 77–90.
3. Dewey, KG, Adu-Afarwuah, S, Systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries. Matern Child Nutr 4:suppl 1 (2008), 24–85.
4. Humphrey, JH, Child undernutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets, and handwashing. Lancet 374 (2009), 1032–1035.
5. Cumming, O, Cairncross, S, Can water, sanitation and hygiene help eliminate stunting? Current evidence and policy implications. Matern Child Nutr 12:suppl 1 (2016), 91–105.
6. Wang, H, Naghavi, M, Allen, C, et al. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 388 (2016), 1459–1544.
7. Fewtrell, L, Kaufmann, RB, Kay, D, Enanoria, W, Haller, L, Colford, JM Jr, Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 5 (2005), 42–52.
8. Waddington, H, Snilstveit, B, Effectiveness and sustainability of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in combating diarrhoea. J Dev Effect 1 (2009), 295–335.
9. Null, C, Stewart, CP, Pickering, AJ, et al. Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health, 2018 published online Jan 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30005-6.
10. Arnold, BF, Null, C, Luby, SP, et al. Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: the WASH Benefits study design and rationale. BMJ Open, 3, 2013, e003476.
11. Ercumen, A, Naser, AM, Unicomb, L, Arnold, BF, Colford, J, Luby, SP, Effects of source- versus household contamination of tubewell water on child diarrhea in rural Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0121907.
12. Dreibelbis, R, Winch, PJ, Leontsini, E, et al. The integrated behavioural model for water, sanitation, and hygiene: a systematic review of behavioural models and a framework for designing and evaluating behaviour change interventions in infrastructure-restricted settings. BMC Public Health, 13, 2013, 1015.
13. Hussain, F, Clasen, T, Akter, S, et al. Advantages and limitations for users of double pit pour-flush latrines: a qualitative study in rural Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 17, 2017, 515.
14. Sultana, R, Mondal, UK, Rimi, NA, et al. An improved tool for household faeces management in rural Bangladeshi communities. Trop Med Int Health 18 (2013), 854–860.
15. Hussain, F, Luby, SP, Unicomb, L, et al. Assessment of the acceptability and feasibility of child potties for safe child feces disposal in rural Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 97 (2017), 469–476.
16. Hulland, KR, Leontsini, E, Dreibelbis, R, et al. Designing a handwashing station for infrastructure-restricted communities in Bangladesh using the integrated behavioural model for water, sanitation and hygiene interventions (IBM-WASH). BMC Public Health, 13, 2013, 877.
17. Menon, P, Nguyen, PH, Saha, KK, et al. Combining intensive counseling by frontline workers with a nationwide mass media campaign has large differential impacts on complementary feeding practices but not on child growth: results of a cluster-randomized program evaluation in Bangladesh. J Nutr 146 (2016), 2075–2084.
18. Baqui, AH, Black, RE, Yunus, M, Hoque, AR, Chowdhury, HR, Sack, RB, Methodological issues in diarrhoeal diseases epidemiology: definition of diarrhoeal episodes. Int J Epidemiol 20 (1991), 1057–1063.
19. Arnold, BF, Ercumen, A, Benjamin-Chung, J, Colford, JM Jr, Brief report: negative controls to detect selection bias and measurement bias in epidemiologic studies. Epidemiology 27 (2016), 637–641.
20. de Onis, M, Onyango, AW, Van den Broeck, J, Chumlea, WC, Martorell, R, Measurement and standardization protocols for anthropometry used in the construction of a new international growth reference. Food Nutr Bull 25:suppl 1 (2004), S27–S36.
21. Huda, TM, Unicomb, L, Johnston, RB, Halder, AK, Yushuf Sharker, MA, Luby, SP, Interim evaluation of a large scale sanitation, hygiene and water improvement programme on childhood diarrhea and respiratory disease in rural Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 75 (2012), 604–611.
22. Rothman, KJ, No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology 1 (1990), 43–46.
23. Maleta, KM, Phuka, J, Alho, L, et al. Provision of 10-40 g/d lipid-based nutrient supplements from 6 to 18 months of age does not prevent linear growth faltering in Malawi. J Nutr 145 (2015), 1909–1915.
24. Hess, SY, Abbeddou, S, Jimenez, EY, et al. Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements, regardless of their zinc content, increase growth and reduce the prevalence of stunting and wasting in young burkinabe children: a cluster-randomized trial. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0122242.
25. Iannotti, LL, Dulience, SJ, Green, J, et al. Linear growth increased in young children in an urban slum of Haiti: a randomized controlled trial of a lipid-based nutrient supplement. Am J Clin Nutr 99 (2014), 198–208.
26. Dewey, KG, Mridha, MK, Matias, SL, et al. Lipid-based nutrient supplementation in the first 1000 d improves child growth in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial. Am J Clin Nutr 105 (2017), 944–957.
27. Christian, P, Shaikh, S, Shamim, AA, et al. Effect of fortified complementary food supplementation on child growth in rural Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized trial. Int J Epidemiol 44 (2015), 1862–1876.
28. Wood, L, Egger, M, Gluud, LL, et al. Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study. BMJ 336 (2008), 601–605.
29. Veldhoen, M, Ferreira, C, Influence of nutrient-derived metabolites on lymphocyte immunity. Nat Med 21 (2015), 709–718.
30. Luby, SP, Agboatwalla, M, Hoekstra, RM, The variability of childhood diarrhea in Karachi, Pakistan, 2002–2006. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84 (2011), 870–877.
31. Arnold, BF, Wade, TJ, Benjamin-Chung, J, et al. Acute gastroenteritis and recreational water: highest burden among young US children. Am J Publ Health 106 (2016), 1690–1697.
32. Luby, SP, Agboatwalla, M, Painter, J, et al. Combining drinking water treatment and hand washing for diarrhoea prevention, a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 11 (2006), 479–489.
33. Lindquist, ED, George, CM, Perin, J, et al. A cluster randomized controlled trial to reduce childhood diarrhea using hollow fiber water filter and/or hygiene-sanitation educational interventions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91 (2014), 190–197.
34. Pickering, AJ, Djebbari, H, Lopez, C, Coulibaly, M, Alzua, ML, Effect of a community-led sanitation intervention on child diarrhoea and child growth in rural Mali: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health 3 (2015), e701–e711.
35. Clasen, T, Boisson, S, Routray, P, et al. Effectiveness of a rural sanitation programme on diarrhoea, soil-transmitted helminth infection, and child malnutrition in Odisha, India: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Glob Health 2 (2014), e645–e653.
36. Patil, SR, Arnold, BF, Salvatore, AL, et al. The effect of India's total sanitation campaign on defecation behaviors and child health in rural Madhya Pradesh: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med, 11, 2014, e1001709.