Towards a critique of cybernetic urbanism: The smart city and the society of control

Planning Theory

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 8-30

  Krivý, Maroš ^a  

^a ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF ARTS   (Estonia)

Author keywords

behaviourism; Big Data; control; cybernetics; Deleuze; environmentality; noopolitics; second order cybernetics; smart city; society of control

Indexed keywords

DATA SET; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; SMART CITY; URBAN PLANNING; URBANIZATION;

EID: 85040813525     PISSN: 14730952     EISSN: 17413052     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1473095216645631     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Batty M, (2012) Smart cities, big data. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 39(2): 191–193.
2. Batty M, (2013) Big data, smart cities and city planning. Dialogues in Human Geography 3(3): 274–279.
3. Berry DM, Galloway AR, (2015) A network is a network is a network: Reflections on the computational and the societies of control. Theory, Culture & Society. Epub ahead of print 17 June. DOI: 10.1177/0263276415590237.
4. Braun B, (2015) From critique to experiment? Rethinking political ecology for the Anthropocene. In: Perrault T, Bridge G, McCarthy J, (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology. New York: Routledge, 102–114.
5. Carpo M, (2011) The Alphabet and the Algorithm. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
6. Chandler D, (2014) Beyond neoliberalism: Resilience, the new art of governing complexity, Resilience: International Policies. Practices and Discourses 2(1): 47–63.
7. Chatterton P, (2000) Will the real Creative City please stand up? City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action 4(3): 390–397.
8. Colomb C, (2012) Pushing the urban frontier: Temporary uses of space, city marketing and the creative city discourse in 2000s Berlin. Journal of Urban Affairs 34(2): 131–152.
9. Crogan P, Kinsley S, (2012) Paying attention: Towards a critique of the attention economy. Culture Machine 13: 1–29.
10. Davies W, (2015) The chronic social: Relations of control within and without neoliberalism. new formations: a journal of culture/theory/politics 84–85: 40–57.
11. de Soto H, (2000) The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. New York: Basic Books.
12. Dean J, (2013) Complexity as capture: Neoliberalism and the loop of drive. new formations: a journal of culture/theory/politics 80–81: 138–154.
13. Deleuze G, (1990) Control and becoming. Gilles Deleuze in conversation with Antonio Negri. Futur Anterieur 1, np. Available at: www.generation-online.org/p/fpdeleuze3.htm
14. Deleuze G, (1992) Postscript on the control societies. October 59: 3–7.
15. Deleuze G, (2005) Cinema 1: The Movement Image. London: The Athlone Press.
16. Dirks S, Keeling M, (2009) A Vision of Smarter Cities: How Cities Can Lead the Way Into a Prosperous and Sustainable Future. Somers, NY: IBM Global Service.
17. Dupuy J-P, (2000) The Mechanization of the Mind. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
18. During E, (2010) Loose coexistence: Technologies of attention in the age of the post-metropolis. In: Hauptmann D, Neidich W, Angelidakis A, (eds) Cognitive Architecture: From Bio-Politics to Noo-Politics; Architecture & Mind in the Age of Communication and Information. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers, 266–283.
19. European Commission (EC) (2013) European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities: Strategic Implementation Plan. European Commission. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eip/smartcities/files/sip_final_en.pdf
20. Forrester JW, (1999) Urban Dynamics. Waltham, MA: Pegasus Communication.
21. Foucault M, (2008) The Birth of the Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France (1978–79). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
22. Gabrys J, (2014) Programming environments: Environmentality and citizen sensing in the smart city. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 32(1): 30–48.
23. Gale International (2015) Songdo IBD. Available at: songdoibd.com
24. Galloway AR, (2006) Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
25. Galloway AR, (2014a) Cybernetic hypothesis. differences 25(1): 107–131.
26. Galloway AR, (2014b) Laruelle: Against the Digital. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
27. Gandy M, (2005) Learning from Lagos. New Left Review 33: 37–53.
28. Gandy M, (2006a) Planning, anti-planning and the infrastructure crisis facing metropolitan Lagos. Urban Studies 43(2): 371–396.
29. Gandy M, (2006b) Zones of indistinction: Bio-political contestations in the urban arena. Cultural Geographies 13(4): 497–516.
30. Gleeson B, (2013) What role for social science in the ‘urban age’? International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 37(5): 1839–1851.
31. Greenfield A, (2013) Against the Smart City. New York: Do Projects.
32. Halpern O, (2015) Beautiful Data. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
33. Harvey D, (1989) From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: The transformation in urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler 71(B): 3–17.
34. Harvey D, (1992) Conditions of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
35. Hayek FA, (1945) The use of knowledge in society. American Economic Review 35(4): 519–530.
36. Hayek FA, (1973) Law, Legislation and Liberty, vol. I. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
37. Hodgkinson S, (2011) Is your city smart enough? Ovum. Available at: https://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/Is_your_city_smart_enough-Ovum_Analyst_Insights.pdf
38. Hollands RG, (2008) Will the real smart city please stand up, City: Analysis of Urban Trends. Culture, Theory, Policy, Action 12(3): 303–320.
39. Holling CS, (1973) Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4: 1–23.
40. Jones R, Pykett J, Whitehead M, (2013) Changing Behaviours: On the Rise of the Psychological State. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
41. Kitchin R, (2014) The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal 79: 1–14.
42. Kusiak J, (2012) The cunning of chaos and its orders: A taxonomy of urban chaos in post-socialist Warsaw and beyond. In: Grubbauer M, Kusiak J, (eds) Chasing Warsaw. Frankfurt-on-Main: Campus Verlag GmbH, 291–320.
43. Lanz S, (2012) Be Berlin! Governing the city through freedom. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 37(4): 1305–1324.
44. Laurence PL, (2006) Contradictions and complexities: Jane Jacobs’s and Robert Venturi’s complexity theories. Journal of Architectural Education 59(3): 49–60.
45. Lazzarato M, (2006) The concepts of life and the living in the societies of control. In: Fuglsang M, Sorensen BM, (eds) Deleuze and the Social. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 171–190.
46. Leslie E, (2011) Add value to contents: The valorization of culture today. In: Raunig G, Ray G, Wuggenig U, (eds) Critique of Creativity: Precarity, Subjectivity and Resistance in the ‘Creative Industries’. London: MayFlyBooks, 183–190.
47. Loughran K, (2014) Parks for profit: The High Line, growth machines, and the uneven development of urban public spaces. City & Community 13(1): 49–68.
48. Luque-Ayala A, Marvin S, (2015) Developing a critical understanding of smart urbanism? Urban Studies 52: 2105–2116.
49. McRobbie A, (2011) ‘Everyone is creative’: Artists as pioneers of the new economy? In: Léger MJ, (ed.) Culture and Contestation in the New Century. Bristol: Intellect, 77–92.
50. Mehaffy M, (2014) What can a ‘science of cities’ offer planners? Planetizen, 25 June. Available at: http://www.planetizen.com/node/69957
51. Merrin D, (2015) The rise of the gadget and hyperludic me-dia. Cultural Politics 10(1): 1–20.
52. Morawski S, (1974) Censorship versus art, Praxis. Yugoslav Edition 1–2: 153–167.
53. Morozov E, (2013) To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism. New York: PublicAffairs.
54. Peck J, (2007) The creativity fix. Eurozine, 28 June. Available at: http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2007-06-28 peck-en.html
55. Perera D, (2015) Beyond patternism: Lessons from the Biological Computer Laboratory, BCL (1960–1980). Paper presented at the 12th Architectural Humanities Research Association conference ‘This Thing Called Theory’, Leeds, 19–21 November.
56. Pickering A, (2010) The Cybernetic Brain: Sketches of Another Future. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
57. Pinto AT, (2014) The pigeon in the machine: The concept of control in behaviourism and cybernetics. Manifesta Journal 18: 65–73. Available at: http://www.manifestajournal.org/sites/default/files/issues-pdf/mj18-situation-never-leaves-our-waking-thoughts-long/MJ-18-NC6_0.pdf
58. Portugali J, (2012) Complexity theories of cities: Implications to urban planning. In: Portugali J, Meyer H, Stolk E. (eds) Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age. Berlin: Springer, 221–244.
59. Prigogine I, Stengers I, (1984) Order out of Chaos: Man’s New Dialogue with Nature. New York: Bantam Books.
60. Rasch W, Wolfe C, (1995) Introduction: The politics of systems and environments. Cultural Critique 30: 5–13.
61. Raunig G, (2011) Creative industries as mass deception. In: Léger MJ, (ed.) Culture and Contestation in the New Century. Bristol: Intellect, 93–104.
62. Rouvroy A, (2012) The end(s) of critique: Data-behaviourism vs. due-process. In: Hildebrandt M, De Vries E, (eds) Privacy, Due Process and the Computational Turn. Philosophers of Law Meet Philosophers of Technology. New York: Routledge, 143–168.
63. Roy A, (2005) Urban informality: Toward an epistemology of planning. Journal of the American Planning Association 71(2): 147–158.
64. Sassen S, (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
65. Sassen S, (2011) Open source urbanism, The New City Reader, 15. Available at: http://www.domusweb.it/en/op-ed/2011/06/29/open-source-urbanism.html
66. Sassen S, (2012) Urbanizing technology, LSECities. Available at: http://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/urbanising-technology/en-gb/
67. Sassen S, (2013) Open sourcing the neighborhood. Forbes, 11 October. Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/techonomy/2013/11/10/open-sourcing-the-neighborhood/
68. Sennett R, (2012) The stupefying smart city. LSECities. Available at: http://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/the-stupefying-smart-city/en-gb/
69. Smart Cities Council (2012) Our sector. Available at: smartcitiescouncil.com/article/our-sector
70. Smithson R, (1996) A Tour of the Monuments of Passaic, New Jersey, in Collected Writings. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 68–74.
71. Söderström O, Paasche T, Klauser F, (2014) Smart cities as corporate storytelling, City: Analysis of Urban Trends. Culture, Theory, Policy, Action 18(3): 307–320.
72. Spencer D, (2011) Architectural Deleuzism: Neoliberal space, control and the ‘univer-city’. Radical Philosophy 168: 9–21.
73. Stoner J, (2012) Toward a Minor Architecture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
74. Thaler RH, Sunstein CR, (2008) Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
75. Tiqqun (2010) The cybernetic hypothesis. Available at: theanarchistlibrary.org/library/tiqqun-the-cybernetic-hypothesis.pdf
76. Tochterman B, (2012) Theorizing neoliberal urban development: A genealogy from Richard Florida to Jane Jacobs. Radical History Review 112: 65–87.
77. Townsend AM, (2013) Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
78. Turner F, (2006) From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
79. Vanolo A, (2014) Smartmentality: The smart city as disciplinary strategy. Urban Studies 51(5): 883–898.
80. Wakefield S, Braun B, (2014) Governing the resilient city. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 32(1): 4–11.
81. West G, (2013) Big data needs a big theory to go with it. Scientific American, 15 May. Available at: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id¼big-data-needs-big-theory
82. Wolfe C, (1995) In search of post-humanist theory: The second-order cybernetics of Maturana and Varela. Cultural Critique 30: 33–70.
83. Worster D, (1990) The ecology of order and chaos. Environmental History Review 14(1–2): 1–18.
84. Zukin S, (2009) Changing landscapes of power: Opulence and the urge for authenticity. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33(2): 543–553.
85. Zukin S, (2011) Jane Jacobs: Why Neo-Cons loved communitarian urbanist, Architecture Review, 26 October. Available at: http://www.architectural-review.com/reviews/reputations/-jane-jacobs/8621634.article