Neuroticism predicts subsequent risk of major depression for whites but not blacks

Behavioral Sciences

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2017, Pages

  Assari, Shervin ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

African Americans; Depression; Ethnic groups; Neuroticism; Whites

Indexed keywords

EID: 85040678071     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2076328X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/bs7040064     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Lahey, B.B. Public health significance of neuroticism. Am. Psychol. 2009, 64, 241-256. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. Mroczek, D.K.; Spiro, A.; Turiano, N. Do health behaviors explain the effect of neuroticism on mortality? Longitudinal findings from the va normative aging study. J. Res. Personal. 2009, 43, 653-659. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Derryberry, D.; Reed, M.A. Temperament and attention: Orienting toward and away from positive and negative signals. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 1994, 66,1128-1139. [CrossRef]
4. Wilson, E.J.; MacLeod, C.; Mathews, A.; Rutherford, E.M. The causal role of interpretive bias in anxiety reactivity. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2006,115,103-111. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. Costa, P.T.; McCrae, R.R. The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment; Boyles, G., Matthews, G., Saklofske, D., Eds.; Sage: New Delhi, India, 2008; pp. 179-199.
6. Costa, P.T.; McCrae, R.R. Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 1980, 38, 668-678. [CrossRef]
7. Rusting, C.L.; Larsen, R.J. Extraversion, neuroticism, and susceptibility to positive and negative affect: A test of two theoretical models. Personal. Individ. Differ. 1997, 22, 607-612. [CrossRef]
8. Shipley, B.A.; Weiss, A.; Der, G.; Taylor, M.D.; Deary, I.J. Neuroticism, extraversion, and mortality in the UK Health and Lifestyle Survey: A 21-year prospective cohort study. Psychosom. Med. 2007, 69, 923-931. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. Hagger-Johnson, G.; Roberts, B.; Boniface, D.; Sabia, S.; Batty, G.D.; Elbaz, A.; Singh-Manoux, A.; Deary, I.J. Neuroticism and cardiovascular disease mortality: Socioeconomic status modifies the risk in women (UK Health and Lifestyle Survey). Psychosom. Med. 2012, 74, 596-603. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. Moazen-Zadeh, E.; Assari, S. Depressive Symptoms Predict Major Depressive Disorder after 15 Years among Whites but Not Blacks. Front. Public Health 2016, 4, 13. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. Barnhofer, T.; Chittka, T. Cognitive reactivity mediates the relationship between neuroticism and depression. Behav. Res. Ther. 2010, 48, 275-281. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. Farmer, A.; Redman, K.; Harris, T.; Mahmood, A.; Sadler, S.; Pickering, A.; McGuffin, P. Neuroticism, extraversion, life events and depression. The Cardiff Depression Study. Br. J. Psychiatry 2002,181,118-122. [PubMed]
13. Roelofs, J.; Huibers, M.; Peeters, F.; Arntz, A.; van Os, J. Rumination and worrying as possible mediators in the relation between neuroticism and symptoms of depression and anxiety in clinically depressed individuals. Behav. Res. Ther. 2008, 46, 1283-1289. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. Lam, D.; Smith, N.; Checkley, S.; Rijsdijk, F.; Sham, P. Effect of neuroticism, response style and information processing on depression severity in a clinically depressed sample. Psychol. Med. 2003, 33, 3469-3479. [CrossRef]
15. Sen, S.; Nesse, R.M.; Stoltenberg, S.F.; Li, S.; Gleiberman, L.; Chakravarti, A.; Weder, A.B.; Burmeister, M. A BDNF coding variant is associated with the NEO personality inventory domain neuroticism, a risk factor for depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003,28, 397-401. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. Nesse, R.M.; Ellsworth, P.C. Evolution, emotions, and emotional disorders. Am. Psychol. 2009, 64,129-139. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. Marks, I.M.; Nesse, R.M. Fear and fitness: An evolutionary analysis of anxiety disorders. Ethol. Sociobiol. 1994, 15, 247-261. [CrossRef]
18. Friedman, H.S. Long-Term Relations of Personality and Health: Dynamisms, Mechanisms, Tropisms. J. Personal. 2000, 68, 1089-1107. [CrossRef]
19. Turiano, N.A.; Mroczek, D.K.; Moynihan, J.; Chapman, B.P. Big 5 personality traits and interleukin-6: Evidence for "healthy Neuroticism" in a US population sample. Brain Behav. Immun. 2013, 28, 83-89. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. Park, J.; Kitayama, S.; Karasawa, M.; Curhan, K.; Markus, H.R.; Kawakami, N.; Miyamoto, Y.; Love, G.D.; Coe, C.L.; Ryff, C.D. Clarifying the links between social support and health: Culture, stress, and neuroticism matter. J. Health Psychol. 2013, 18, 226-235. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. Karney, B.; Bradbury, T. The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, method, and research. Psychol. Bull. 1995,118, 3-34. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. Assari, S.; Moazen-Zadeh, E.; Lankarani, M.M.; Micol-Foster, V. Race, Depressive Symptoms, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States. Front. Public Health 2016, 4, 40. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. Assari, S.; Burgard, S. Black-White differences in the effect of baseline depressive symptoms on deaths due to renal diseases: 25 years follow up of a nationally representative community sample. J. Ren. Inj. Prev. 2015, 4, 127-134. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. Assari, S. Hostility, Anger, and Cardiovascular Mortality among Blacks and Whites. Res. Cardiovasc. Med. 2016. [CrossRef]
25. Kitayama, S.; Park, J.; Boylan, J.M.; Miyamoto, Y.; Levine, C.S.; Markus, H.R.; Karasawa, M.; Coe, C.L.; Kawakami, N.; Love, G.D.; et al. Expression of anger and ill health in two cultures: An examination of inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Psychol. Sci. 2015, 26, 211-220. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
26. Assari, S. Race and ethnic differences in additive and multiplicative effects of depression and anxiety on cardiovascular risk. Int. J. Prev. Med. 2016, 7, 22. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
27. Assari, S.; Lankarani, M.M. Education and Alcohol Consumption among Older Americans; Black-White Differences. Front. Public Health 2016, 4, 67. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
28. Assari, S.; Lankarani, M.M.; Burgard, S. Black-white difference in long-term predictive power of self-rated health on all-cause mortality in United States. Ann. Epidemiol. 2016, 26,106-114. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
29. Assari, S.; Lankarani, M.M. Race and Urbanity Alter the Protective Effect of Education but not Income on Mortality. Front. Public Health 2016, 4, 100. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
30. Gale, C.R.; Booth, T.; Mottus, R.; Kuh, D.; Deary, I.J. Neuroticism and Extraversion in Youth Predict Mental Wellbeing and Life Satisfaction 40 Years Later. J. Res. Personal. 2013, 47, 687-697. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
31. House, J.S. Americans' Changing Lives: Waves I, II, III, IV, and V, 1986,1989,1994, 2002, and 2011. ICPSR04690-v7; Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [Distributor]: Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 2014.
32. House, J.S.; Kessler, R.C.; Herzog, A.R. Age, socioeconomic status, and health. Milbank Q. 1990, 68, 383-411. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
33. Harvey, I.S.; Alexander, K. Perceived social support and preventive health behavioral outcomes among older women. J. Cross Cult. Gerontol. 2012, 27, 275-290. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
34. Lantz, P.M.; House, J.S.; Mero, R.P.; Williams, D.R. Stress, life events, and socioeconomic disparities in health: Results from the Americans' Changing Lives Study. J. Health Soc. Behav. 2005, 46, 274-288. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
35. Amtmann, D.; Kim, J.; Chung, H.; Bamer, A.M.; Askew, R.L.; Wu, S.; Cook, K.F.; Johnson, K.L. Comparing CESD-10, PHQ-9, and PROMIS depression instruments in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Rehabil. Psychol. 2014, 59, 220. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
36. Zhang, W.; O'Brien, N.; Forrest, J.I.; Salters, K.A.; Patterson, T.L.; Montaner, J.; Hogg, R.S.; Lima, V.D. Validating a shortened depression scale (10 item CES-D) among HIV-positive people in British Columbia, Canada. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e40793. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
37. Andresen, E.M.; Malmgren, J.A.; Carter, W.B.; Patrick, D.L. Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D. Am. J. Prev. Med. 1994, 10, 77-84. [PubMed]
38. Roberts, R.E. Reliability of the CES-D scale in different ethnic contexts. Psychiatry Res. 1980, 2, 125-134. [CrossRef]
39. Gavin, A.R.; Rue, T.; Takeuchi, D. Racial/ethnic differences in the association between obesity and major depressive disorder: Findings from the Comprehensive Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. Public Health Rep. 2010, 125, 698-708. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
40. Assari, S.; Burgard, S.; Zivin, K. Long-Term Reciprocal Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Number of Chronic Medical Conditions: Longitudinal Support for Black-White Health Paradox. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparit. 2015, 2, 589-597. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
41. Robins, L.N.; Wing, J.; Wittchen, H.U.; Helzer, J.E.; Babor, T.F.; Burke, J.; Farmer, A.; Jablenski, A.; Pickens, R.; Regier, D.A. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview: An epidemiologic instrument suitable for use in conjunction with different diagnostic systems and in different cultures. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1988, 45, 1069-1077. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
42. Wittchen, H.U. Reliability and validity studies of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): A critical review. J. Psychiatry Res. 1994, 28, 57-84. [CrossRef]
43. Kessler, R.C.; Wittchen, H.U.; Abelson, J.M.; McGonagle, K.; Schwarz, N.; Kendler, K.S.; Knauper, B.; Zhao, S. Methodological studies of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) in the US national comorbidity survey (NCS). Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 1998, 7, 33-55. [CrossRef]
44. Kessler, R.C.; Calabrese, J.R.; Farley, P.A.; Gruber, M.J.; Jewell, M.A.; Katon, W.; Kect, P.E.; Nierenberg, A.A.; Sampson, N.A.; Shear, M.K.; et al. Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders. Psychol. Med. 2013, 43,1625-1637. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
45. Park, J.; Kitayama, S.; Markus, H.R.; Coe, C.L.; Miyamoto, Y.; Karasawa, M.; Curhan, K.B.; Love, G.D.; Kawakami, N.; Boylan, J.M.; et al. Social status and anger expression: The cultural moderation hypothesis. Emotion 2013, 13, 1122-1131. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
46. Jackson, J.S.; Knight, K.M.; Rafferty, J.A. Race and unhealthy behaviors: Chronic stress, the HPA axis, and physical and mental health disparities over the life course. Am. J. Public Health 2010,100, 933-999. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
47. Jackson, J.S.; Knight, K.M. Race and self-regulatory health behaviors: The role of the stress response and the HPA axis in physical and mental health disparities. In Social Structures, Aging, and Self-Regulation in the Elderly; Schaie, K.W., Carstensen, L.L., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2006; pp. 189-207.
48. Mezuk, B.; Abdou, C.M.; Hudson, D.; Kershaw, K.N.; Rafferty, J.A.; Lee, H.; Jackson, J.S. "White Box" Epidemiology and the Social Neuroscience of Health Behaviors: The Environmental Affordances Model. Soc. Ment. Health 2013, 3. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
49. Mezuk, B.; Rafferty, J.A.; Kershaw, K.N.; Hudson, D.; Abdou, C.M.; Lee, H.; Eaton, W.W.; Jackson, J.S. Reconsidering the role of social disadvantage in physical and mental health: Stressful life events, health behaviors, race, and depression. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2010,172,1238-1249. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
50. Jang, Y.; Park, N.S.; Kang, S.-Y.; Chiriboga, D.A. Racial/ethnic differences in the association between symptoms of depression and self-rated mental health among older adults. Community Ment. Health J. 2014, 50, 325-330. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
51. Canady, R.B.; Stommel, M.; Holzman, C. Measurement properties of the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a sample of African-American and non-Hispanic White pregnant women. J. Nurs. Meas. 2009, 17, 91. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
52. Assari, S. Ethnic Groups Differ in How Poor Self-Rated Mental Health Reflects Psychiatric Disorders. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparit. 2017. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
53. Assari, S.; Sonnega, A.; Leggett, A.; Pepin, R.L. Residual Effects of Restless Sleep over Depressive Symptoms on Chronic Medical Conditions: Race by Gender Differences. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparit. 2016. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
54. Watkins, D.C.; Assari, S.; Johnson-Lawrence, V. Race and ethnic group differences in comorbid major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and chronic medical conditions. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparit. 2015, 2, 385-394. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
55. Assari, S.; Caldwell, C.H. Gender and ethnic differences in the association between obesity and depression among black adolescents. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparit. 2015,2, 481-493. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
56. Kim, G.; DeCoster, J.; Chiriboga, D.A.; Jang, Y.; Allen, R.S.; Parmelee, P. Associations between self-rated mental health and psychiatric disorders among older adults: Do racial/ethnic differences exist? Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 2011, 19, 416-422. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
57. Mesquita, B. Emotions in collectivist and individualist contexts. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 2001, 80, 68-74. [CrossRef]
58. Imada, T.; Ellsworth, P.C. Proud Americans and lucky Japanese: Cultural differences in appraisal and corresponding emotion. Emotion 2011, 11, 329-345. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
59. Mesquita, B.; Frijda, N.H. Cultural variations in emotions: A review. Psychol. Bull. 1992, 112, 179-204. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
60. Kan, C.; Kawakami, N.; Karasawa, M.; Love, G.D.; Coe, C.L.; Miyamoto, Y.; Ryff, C.D.; Kitayama, S.; Curhan, K.B.; Markus, H.R. Psychological resources as mediators of the association between social class and health: Comparative findings from Japan and the USA. Int. J. Behav. Med. 2014, 21, 53-65. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
61. Assari, S.; Dejman, M.; Neighbors, H.W. Ethnic differences in separate and additive effects of anxiety and depression on self-rated mental health among blacks. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparit. 2015,1-8. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
62. Kim, G.; Bryant, A.; Huang, C.; Chiriboga, D.; Ma, G.X. Mental health among Asian American adults: Association with psychiatric. Asian Am. J. Psychol. 2012, 3, 44-52. [CrossRef]
63. Arango-Lasprilla, J.C.; Kreutzer, J.S. Racial and ethnic disparities in functional, psychosocial, and neurobehavioral outcomes after brain injury. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010, 25,128-136. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
64. Assari, S.; Lankarani, M.M. Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences. Front. Public Health 2016, 4, 49. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
65. Assari, S.; Lankarani, M.M. Association between Stressful Life Events and Depression; Intersection of Race and Gender. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparit. 2016, 3, 349-356. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
66. Assari, S. Psychiatric disorders differently correlate with physical self-rated health across ethnic groups. J. Pers. Med. 2017, in press.
67. Choi, H.; Fogg, L.; Lee, E.E.; Wu, M.C. Evaluating differential item functioning of the CES-D scale according to caregiver status and cultural context in Korean women. J. Am. Psychiatr. Nurses Assoc. 2009,15, 240-248. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
68. Kim, M.; Han, H.R.; Phillips, L. Metric equivalence assessment in cross-cultural research: Using an example of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. J. Nurs. Meas. 2003, 11, 5-18. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
69. Green, J.G.; Gruber, M.J.; Kessler, R.C.; Lin, J.Y.; McLaughlin, K.A.; Sampson, N.A.; Zaslavsky, A.M.; Alegria, M. Diagnostic validity across racial and ethnic groups in the assessment of adolescent DSM-IV disorders. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 2012, 21, 311-320. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
70. Assari, S.; Moazen-Zadeh, E. Ethnic Variation in the Cross-sectional Association between Domains of Depressive Symptoms and Clinical Depression. Front. Psychiatry 2016, 7, 53. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
71. Scollon, C.N.; Diener, E. Love, work, and changes in extraversion and neuroticism over time. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 2006, 91, 1152-1165. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
72. Assari, S. Unequal Gain of Equal Resources across Racial Groups. Int. J. Health Policy Manag. (IJHPM) 2017, 6, 1-9. [CrossRef]
73. Kan, C.; Kawakami, N.; Umeda, M. Mediating role of psychological resources on the association between childhood socioeconomic status and current health in the community adult population of Japan. Int. J. Behav. Med. 2015, 22, 764-774. [CrossRef] [PubMed]