A life-stress, emotional awareness, and expression interview for primary care patients with medically unexplained symptoms: A randomized controlled trial

Health Psychology

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2018, Pages 282-290

  Ziadni, Maisa S ^a   Carty, Jennifer N ^a,c   Doherty, Heather K ^a   Porcerelli, John H ^a,d   Rapport, Lisa J ^a   Schubiner, Howard ^b   Lumley, Mark A ^a  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b St John Providence Health System   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT MERCY   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical trial; Emotional awareness and expression; Emotional disclosure; Medically unexplained symptoms; Primary care

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; CONFLICT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE EXACERBATION; EMOTION; FAMILY MEDICINE; FEMALE; HEALTH; HUMAN; LIFE STRESS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOM; PAIN SEVERITY; PATIENT CARE; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; SELF REPORT; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; ADOLESCENT; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AWARENESS; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85034444960     PISSN: 02786133     EISSN: 19307810     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/hea0000566     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aaron, L. A., & Buchwald, D. (2001). A review of the evidence for overlap among unexplained clinical conditions. Annals of Internal Medicine, 134, 868-881. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-9_Part_2-200105011-00011.
2. Abbass, A., Kisely, S., & Kroenke, K. (2009). Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for somatic disorders. Systematic review and metaanalysis of clinical trials. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78, 265-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000228247.
3. Afari, N., Ahumada, S. M., Wright, L. J., Mostoufi, S., Golnari, G., Reis, V., & Cuneo, J. G. (2014). Psychological trauma and functional somatic syndromes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 76, 2-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000010.
4. Ali, A., Toner, B. B., Stuckless, N., Gallop, R., Diamant, N. E., Gould, M. I., & Vidins, E. I. (2000). Emotional abuse, self-blame, and selfsilencing in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 76-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200001000-00011.
5. Barsky, A. J., & Borus, J. F. (1999). Functional somatic syndromes. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130, 910-921. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00016.
6. Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2, 297-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4.
7. Beesley, H., Rhodes, J., & Salmon, P. (2010). Anger and childhood sexual abuse are independently associated with irritable bowel syndrome. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 389-399. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1348/135910709X466496.
8. Bradford, K., Shih, W., Videlock, E. J., Presson, A. P., Naliboff, B. D., Mayer, E. A., & Chang, L. (2012). Association between early adverse life events and irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 10, 385-390. e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2011 .12.018.
9. Broderick, J. E., Junghaenel, D. U., & Schwartz, J. E. (2005). Written emotional expression produces health benefits in fibromyalgia patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 326-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy .0000156933.04566.bd
10. Burger, A. J., Lumley, M. A., Carty, J. N., Latsch, D. V., Thakur, E. R., Hyde-Nolan, M. E. Schubiner, H. (2016). The effects of a novel psychological attribution and emotional awareness and expression therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain: A preliminary, uncontrolled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 81, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jpsychores.2015.12.003.
11. Castro, I., Barrantes, F., Tuna, M., Cabrera, G., Garcia, C., Recinos, M.Garcia-Kutzbach, A. (2005). Prevalence of abuse in fibromyalgia and other rheumatic disorders at a specialized clinic in rheumatic diseases in Guatemala City. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology; Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases, 11, 140-145. http://dx.doi .org/10.1097/01.rhu.0000164823.78761.a2
12. Chew-Graham, C. A., Heyland, S., Kingstone, T., Shepherd, T., Buszewicz, M., Burroughs, H., & Sumathipala, A. (2017). Medically unexplained symptoms: Continuing challenges for primary care. The British Journal of General Practice, 67, 106-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/ bjgp17X689473.
13. Clarke, D. D. (2016). Diagnosis and treatment of medically unexplained symptoms and chronic functional syndromes. Families, Systems, & Health, 34, 309-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000228.
14. Clauw, D. J., & Chrousos, G. P. (1997). Chronic pain and fatigue syndromes: Overlapping clinical and neuroendocrine features and potential pathogenic mechanisms. Neuroimmunomodulation, 4, 134-153. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1159/000097332.
15. Cleeland, C. S. (2009). The Brief Pain Inventory user guide. Houston, TX: MD Anderson Cancer Center.
16. Cleeland, C. S., & Ryan, K. M. (1994). Pain assessment: Global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 23, 129-138.
17. Davis, M. C., Zautra, A. J., & Smith, B. W. (2004). Chronic pain, stress, and the dynamics of affective differentiation. Journal of Personality, 72, 1133-1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00293.x.
18. Derogatis, L. R. (1993). Brief Symptom Inventory: BSI; Administration, scoring and procedures manual (4th Ed.). Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
19. Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13, 595-605. http://dx .doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700048017.
20. Drossman, D. A. (2011). Abuse, trauma, and GI illness: Is there a link? The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 106, 14-25. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1038/ajg.2010.453.
21. Drossman, D. A., Leserman, J., Nachman, G., Li, Z. M., Gluck, H., Toomey, T. C., & Mitchell, C. M. (1990). Sexual and physical abuse in women with functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders. Annals of Internal Medicine, 113, 828-833. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-11-828.
22. Ekman, P., & Davidson, R. J. (1993). Voluntary smiling changes regional brain activity. Psychological Science, 4, 342-345. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00576.x.
23. Escobar, J. I., Waitzkin, H., Silver, R. C., Gara, M., & Holman, A. (1998). Abridged somatization: A study in primary care. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 466-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199807000-00012.
24. Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 823-865. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1037/0033-2909.132.6.823.
25. Gracely, R. H., & Schweinhardt, P. (2015). Programmed symptoms: Disparate effects united by purpose. Current Rheumatology Reviews, 11, 116-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573397111666150619095125.
26. Gross, J. J. (2013). Emotion regulation: Taking stock and moving forward. Emotion, 13, 359-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032135.
27. Haller, H., Cramer, H., Lauche, R., & Dobos, G. (2015). Somatoform disorders and medically unexplained symptoms in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence. Deutschesä rzteblatt International, 112, 279-287.
28. Häuser, W., Galek, A., Erbslöh-Möller, B., Köllner, V., Kühn-Becker, H., Langhorst, J. Glaesmer, H. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in fibromyalgia syndrome: Prevalence, temporal relationship between posttraumatic stress and fibromyalgia symptoms, and impact on clinical outcome. Pain, 154, 1216-1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013 .03.034
29. Häuser, W., Kosseva, M., Üceyler, N., Klose, P., & Sommer, C. (2011). Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Arthritis Care and Research, 63, 808-820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.20328.
30. Henningsen, P., Zimmermann, T., & Sattel, H. (2003). Medically unexplained physical symptoms, anxiety, and depression: A meta-analytic review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 528-533. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1097/01.PSY.0000075977.90337.E7
31. Hsu, M. C., Schubiner, H., Lumley, M. A., Stracks, J. S., Clauw, D. J., & Williams, D. A. (2010). Sustained pain reduction through affective self-awareness in fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25, 1064-1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s11606-010-1418-6.
32. Imami, L., Zilioli, S., Tobin, E. T., Saleh, D. J., Kane, H. S., & Slatcher, R. B. (2017). Youth secrets are associated with poorer sleep and asthma symptoms via negative affect. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 96, 15-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.02.011.
33. Isaac, M. L., & Paauw, D. S. (2014). Medically unexplained symptoms. The Medical Clinics of North America, 98, 663-672. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.013.
34. Jones, G. T., Power, C., & Macfarlane, G. J. (2009). Adverse events in childhood and chronic widespread pain in adult life: Results from the 1958. British Birth Cohort Study. Pain, 143, 92-96. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1016/j.pain.2009.02.003.
35. Kroenke, K. (2003). The interface between physical and psychological symptoms. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 5, 11-18.
36. Kroenke, K., & Rosmalen, J. G. (2006). Symptoms, syndromes, and the value of psychiatric diagnostics in patients who have functional somatic disorders. The Medical Clinics of North America, 90, 603-626. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2006.04.003.
37. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2002). The PHQ-15: Validity of a new measure for evaluating the severity of somatic symptoms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 258-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ 00006842-200203000-00008.
38. Lampe, A., Doering, S., Rumpold, G., Sölder, E., Krismer, M., Kantner-Rumplmair, W. Söllner, W. (2003). Chronic pain syndromes and their relation to childhood abuse and stressful life events. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 54, 361-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0022-3999(02)00399-9.
39. Lind, A. B., Delmar, C., & Nielsen, K. (2014). Struggling in an emotional avoidance culture: A qualitative study of stress as a predisposing factor for somatoform disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 76, 94-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.11.019.
40. Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., Coté, S., Beers, M., & Petty, R. E. (2005). Emotion regulation abilities and the quality of social interaction. Emotion, 5, 113-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.113.
41. Lumley, M. A., Cohen, J. L., Borszcz, G. S., Cano, A., Radcliffe, A. M., Porter, L. S. Keefe, F. J. (2011). Pain and emotion: A biopsychosocial review of recent research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 942-968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20816.
42. Lumley, M. A., Cohen, J. L., Stout, R. L., Neely, L. C., Sander, L. M., & Burger, A. J. (2008). An emotional exposure-based treatment of traumatic stress for people with chronic pain: Preliminary results for fibromyalgia syndrome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45, 165-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.45.2.165.
43. Lumley, M. A., Sklar, E. R., & Carty, J. N. (2012). Emotional disclosure interventions for chronic pain: From the laboratory to the clinic. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 2, 73-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s13142-011-0085-4.
44. Martin, A., Rauh, E., Fichter, M., & Rief, W. (2007). A one-session treatment for patients suffering from medically unexplained symptoms in primary care: A randomized clinical trial. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 48, 294-303. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1176/appi.psy.48.4.294.
45. Moseley, G. L., & Butler, D. S. (2015). Fifteen years of explaining pain: The past, present, and future. The Journal of Pain, 16, 807-813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.05.005.
46. Nimnuan, C., Hotopf, M., & Wessely, S. (2001). Medically unexplained symptoms: An epidemiological study in seven specialties. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 51, 361-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0022-3999(01)00223-9.
47. Norman, S. A., Lumley, M. A., Dooley, J. A., & Diamond, M. P. (2004). For whom does it work? Moderators of the effects of written emotional disclosure in a randomized trial among women with chronic pelvic pain. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 174-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy .0000116979.77753.74.
48. Pennebaker, J. W., & Smyth, J. M. (2016). Opening up by writing it down: How expressive writing improves health and eases emotional pain (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
49. Peters, K. M., Carrico, D. J., Ibrahim, A. I., & Diokno, A. C. (2008). Characterization of a clinical cohort of 87 women with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Female Urology, 71, 634-640. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.013.
50. Roelofs, K., & Spinhoven, P. (2007). Trauma and medically unexplained symptoms towards an integration of cognitive and neuro-biological accounts. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 798-820. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.004.
51. Rosendal, M., Olde Hartman, T. C., Aamland, A., van der Horst, H., Lucassen, P., Budtz-Lilly, A., & Burton, C. (2017). "Medically unexplained" symptoms and symptom disorders in primary care: Prognosisbased recognition and classification. BMC Family Practice, 18, 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-017-0592-6.
52. Slavin-Spenny, O., Lumley, M. A., Thakur, E. R., Nevedal, D. C., & Hijazi, A. M. (2013). Effects of anger awareness and expression training versus relaxation training on headaches: A randomized trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46, 181-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9500.z.
53. Steinbrecher, N., Koerber, S., Frieser, D., & Hiller, W. (2011). The prevalence of medically unexplained symptoms in primary care. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 52, 263-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2011.01.007.
54. Tang, N. K., Wright, K. J., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of clinical insomnia co-occurring with chronic back pain. Journal of Sleep Research, 16, 85-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00571.x.
55. Tesarz, J., Gerhardt, A., Leisner, S., Janke, S., Hartmann, M., Seidler, G. H., & Eich, W. (2013). Effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on non-specific chronic back pain: A randomized controlled trial with additional exploration of the underlying mechanisms. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 14, 256. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1186/1471-2474-14-256.
56. Thakur, E. R., Holmes, H. J., Lockhart, N. A., Carty, J. N., Ziadni, M. S., Doherty, H. K. Lumley, M. A. (2017). Emotional awareness and expression training improves irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, e13143. http://dx .doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13143.
57. van Houdenhove, B. V., & Luyten, P. (2007). Fibromyalgia and related syndromes characterized by stress intolerance and pain hypersensitivity: Do we need a new nosology? Current Rheumatology Reviews, 3, 304-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339707782408937.
58. Yunus, M. B. (2007). Fibromyalgia and overlapping disorders: The unifying concept of central sensitivity syndromes. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 36, 339-356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2006 .12.009.