A glacial readvance during retreat of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, British Columbia central coast

Quaternary Research (United States)

Volumn 87, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 468-481

  Eamer, Jordan B R ^a,b   Shugar, Dan H ^a,b,c   Walker, Ian J ^a,b,d   Lian, Olav B ^a,e   Neudorf, Christina M ^a,e   Telka, Alice M ^f  

^a HAKAI INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF THE FRASER VALLEY   (Canada)

^f Paleotec Services   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cordilleran Ice Sheet; Dryas; geomorphic mapping; glacial readvance; late Pleistocene; macrofossils; paleoecology; stratigraphy

Indexed keywords

GLACIAL GEOLOGY; GLACIERS; MAPPING; STRATIGRAPHY;

CORDILLERAN ICE SHEET; DRYAS; GEOMORPHIC MAPPING; GLACIAL RE-ADVANCE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; MACROFOSSILS; PALEOECOLOGY;

ICE;

CORDILLERAN ICE SHEET; FOSSIL; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING; GLACIER RETREAT; PALEOECOLOGY; PLEISTOCENE;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA;

EID: 85033494508     PISSN: 00335894     EISSN: 10960287     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/qua.2017.16     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Allmendinger, R.W., Cardozo, N.C., Fisher, D., 2012. Structural Geology Algorithms: Vectors and Tensors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
2. Andrews, J.T., Retherford, R.M., 1978. A reconnaissance survey of late Quaternary sea levels, Bella Bella/Bella Coola region, central British Columbia coast. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 15, 341-350.
3. Barrie, J.V., Bornhold, B.D., Conway, K.W., Luternauer, J.L., 1991. Surficial geology of the northwestern Canadian continental shelf. Continental Shelf Research 11, 701-715.
4. Barrie, J.V., Conway, K.W., 1999. Late Quaternary glaciation and postglacial stratigraphy of the northern Pacific margin of Canada. Quaternary Research 51, 113-123.
5. Barrie, J.V., Hetherington, R., Macleod, R., 2014. Pacific margin, Canada shelf physiography: a complex history of glaciation, tectonism, oceanography and sea-level change. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 41, 305-313.
6. Benson, L., Burdett, J., Lund, S., Kashgarian, M., Mensing, S., 1997. Nearly synchronous climate change in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial termination. Letters to Nature 388, 263-265.
7. Birks, H.H., 2001. Plant macrofossils. In: Smol, J.P., Birks, H.J.B., Last, W.M. (Eds.), Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments Vol. 3. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, pp. 49-74.
8. Blaise, B., Clague, J.J., Mathewes, R.W., 1990. Time of maximum late Wisconsin glaciation, west coast of Canada. Quaternary Research 34, 282-295.
9. Booth, D.B., Troost, K.G., Clague, J.J., Waitt, R.B., 2003. The Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Developments in Quaternary Sciences 1, 17-43.
10. Bristowe, W.S., 1958. The World of Spiders. Harper Collins, London.
11. Brown, K.J., Hebda, R.J., 2002. Origin, development, and dynamics of coastal temperate conifer rainforests of southern Vancouver Island, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, 353-372.
12. Cardozo, N., Allmendinger, R.W., 2013. Spherical projections with OSXStereonet. Computers and Geosciences 51, 193-205.
13. Clague, J.J., 1985. Deglaciation of the Prince Rupert-Kitimat area, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, 256-265.
14. Clague, J.J., Armstrong, J.E., Mathews, W.H., 1980. Advance of the late Wisconsin Cordilleran Ice Sheet in southern British Columbia since 22,000 yr B.P. Quaternary Research 13, 322-326.
15. Clague, J.J., James, T.S., 2002. History and isostatic effects of the last ice sheet in southern British Columbia. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 71-87.
16. Clague, J.J., Mathewes, R.W., Guilbault, J-P., Hutchinson, I., Ricketts, B.D., 1997. Pre-Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada. Boreas 26, 261-278.
17. Clague, J.J., Mathewes, R.W., Guilbault, J-P., Hutchinson, I., Ricketts, B.D., 1998. 'Pre-Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada': Reply to comments. Boreas 27, 229-230.
18. Clague, J.J., Mathewes, R.W., Warner, B.G., 1982. Late Quaternary geology of eastern Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19, 1786-1795.
19. Clark, P.U., Clague, J.J., Curry, B.B., Dreimanis, A., Hicock, S.R., Miller, G.H., Berger, G.W., et al. 1993. Initiation and development of the Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets following the last interglaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews 12, 79-114.
20. Coulson, S.J., Birkemoe, T., 2000. Long-term cold tolerance in Arctic invertebrates: recovery after 4 years at below -20°C. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, 2055-2058.
21. Easterbrook, D.J., 1992. Advance and retreat of Cordilleran Ice Sheets in Washington, U.S.A. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 46, 51-68.
22. Easterbrook, D.J., Kovanen, D.J., 1998. 'Pre-Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada': Comments. Boreas 27, 225-228.
23. Folk, R.L., Ward, W.C., 1957. Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 27, 3-26.
24. Friele, P.A., Clague, J.J., 2002. Readvance of glaciers in the British Columbia Coast Mountains at the end of the last glaciation. Quaternary International 87, 45-58.
25. Friele, P.A., Ekes, C., Hicken, E.J., 1999. Evolution of Cheekye fan, Squamish, British Columbia: Holocene sedimentation and implications for hazard assessment. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, 2023-2031.
26. Galloway, J.M., Doherty, C.T., Patterson, R.T., Roe, H.M., 2009. Postglacial vegetation and climate dynamics in the Seymour-Belize Inlet Complex, central coastal British Columbia, Canada: palynological evidence from Tiny Lake. Journal of Quaternary Science 24, 322-335.
27. 10Be measurements in western North America: support for a global Younger Dryas cooling event. Geology 23, 877-880.
28. Hammer, M., 1952. Investigations on the microfauna of northern Canada. Part 1: Oribatidae. Acta Arctica 4, 1-108.
29. Hebda, R.J., Howes, D., Maxwell, B., 1997. Brooks Peninsula as an ice age refugium. In: Hebda, R.J., Haggarty, J.C. (Eds.), Brooks Peninsula: An Ice Age Refugium on Vancouver Island. Royal BC Museum, Victoria, BC, Canada, pp. 15.1-15.7.
30. Hendy, I.L., Kennett, J.P., Roark, E.B., Ingram, B.L., 2002. Apparent synchroneity of submillennial scale climate events between Greenland and Santa Barbara Basin, California from 30-10 ka. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 1167-1184.
31. Hicock, S.R., Fuller, E.A., 1995. Lobal interactions, rheologic superposition, and implications for a Pleistocene ice stream on the continental shelf of British Columbia. Geomorphology 14, 167-184.
32. Hicock, S.R., Goff, J.R, Lian, O.B., Little, E.C., 1996. On the interpretation of subglacial till fabric. Journal of Sedimentary Research 66, 928-934.
33. Hicock, S.R., Hebda, R.J., Armstrong, J.E., 1982. Lag of the Fraser glacial maximum in the Pacific Northwest: pollen and macrofossil evidence from western Fraser Lowland, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19, 2288-2296.
34. Hicock, S.R., Lian, O.B., 1999. Cordilleran Ice Sheet interactions and glaciotectonic superposition through stadialmaxima along amountain front in southwestern British Columbia. Boreas 28, 531-542.
35. Hicock, S.R., Lian, O.B., Mathewes, R.W., 1999. 'Bond cycles' recorded in terrestrial Pleistocene sediments of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Quaternary Science 14, 443-449.
36. Jackson, L.E., Ward, B., Duk-Rodkin, A., Hughes, O.L., 1991. The last Cordilleran Ice Sheet in southern Yukon Territory. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, 341-354.
37. Jermy, A.C., Simpson, D.C., Foley, M.J.Y., Porter, M.S., 2007. General structure of Cyperaceae. Sedges of the British Isles. In: Jermy, A.C., Simpson, D.A., Foley, M.J.Y., Porter, M.S. (Eds.), Sedges of the British Isles. BSBI Handbook No. 1. 3rd ed. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London, pp. 2-26.
38. Josenhans, H.W., Fedje, D.W., Conway, K.W., Barrie, J.V., 1995. Post glacial sea levels on the Western Canadian continental shelf: evidence for rapid change, extensive subaerial exposure, and early human habitation. Marine Geology 125, 73-94.
39. Kelly, R.L., 2003. Maybe we do know when people first came to North America; and what does it mean if we do? Quaternary International 109-110, 133-145.
40. Kiefer, T., Kienast, M., 2005. Patterns of deglacial warming in the Pacific Ocean: a review with emphasis on the time interval of Heinrich event 1. Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 1063-1081.
41. Kienast, S.S., McKay, J.L., 2001. Sea surface temperatures in the subarctic northeast Pacific reflect millennial-scale climate oscillations during the last 16 kyrs. Geophysical Research Letters 28, 1563-1566.
42. 14C yr B.P.) oscillations of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in the Fraser Lowland, western North America. Quaternary Research 57, 208-224.
43. Kovanen, D.J., Slaymaker, O., 2003. Lake Terrell upland glacial resurgences and implications for late-glacial history, northwestern Washington State, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, 1767-1772.
44. Kovanen, D.J., Slaymaker, O., 2004a. Glacial imprints of the Okanogan Lobe, southern margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Journal of Quaternary Science 19, 547-565.
45. Kovanen, D.J., Slaymaker, O., 2004b. Relict shorelines and ice flow patterns of the northern Puget Lowlands from lidar data and digital terrain modelling. Geografiska Annaler 86, 385-400.
46. Lacourse, T., 2005. Late Quaternary dynamics of forest vegetation on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 105-121.
47. Lacourse, T., Delepine, J.M., Hoffman, E.H., Mathewes, R.W., 2012. A 14,000 year vegetation history of a hypermaritime island on the outer Pacific coast of Canada based on fossil pollen, spores and conifer stomata. Quaternary Research 78, 572-582.
48. Lakeman, T.R., Clague, J.J., Menounos, B., 2008. Advance of alpine glaciers during final retreat of the Cordilleran ice sheet in the Finlay River area, northern British Columbia, Canada. Quaternary Research 69, 188-200.
49. Lian, O.B., Hickin, E.J., 1996. Early postglacial sedimentation of lower Seymour Valley, southwestern British Columbia. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 50, 95-102.
50. Lian, O.B., Hicock, S.R., 2000. Thermal conditions beneath parts of the last Cordilleran Ice Sheet near its centre as inferred from subglacial till, associated sediments, and bedrock. Quaternary International 68-71, 147-162.
51. Lowe, J.J., Hoek, W.Z., INTIMATE group. 2001. Inter-regional correlation of palaeoclimatic recores for the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition: a protocol for improved precision recommended by the INTIMATE project group. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, 1175-1187.
52. Lowell, T.V., Heusser, C.J., Andersen, B.G., Moreno, P.I., Hauser, A., Heusser, L.E., Schlüchter, C., Marchant, D.R., Denton, G.H., 1995. Interhemispheric correlation of late Pleistocene glacial events. Science 269, 1541-1549.
53. Luternauer, J.L., Conway, K.W., Clague, J.J., Blaise, B., 1989. Late Quaternary geology and geochronology of the central continental shelf of western Canada. Marine Geology 89, 57-68.
54. Margold, M., Jansson, K.N., Kleman, J., Stroeven, A.P., Clague, J.J., 2013. Retreat pattern of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in central British Columbia at the end of the last glaciation reconstructed fromglacial meltwater landforms. Boreas 42, 830-847.
55. Mark, D.M., 1973. Analysis of axial orientation data, including till fabrics. Geological Society of America Bulletin 84, 1369-1374.
56. Mathews, W.H., 1991. Ice sheets and ice streams: thoughts on the Cordilleran Ice Sheets symposium. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, 263-267.
57. Mathewes, R.W., Heusser, L.E., 1981. A 12 000 year palynological record of temperature and precipitation trends in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Botany 59, 707-710.
58. Mathewes, R.W., Heusser, L.E., Patterson, R.T., 1993. Evidence for a Younger Dryas-like cooling event on the British Columbia coast. Geology 21, 101-104.
59. McCrumb, D.R., Swanson, T.W., 1998. Cosmogenic CI-36 age constraints on the deglaciation history of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet from Howe Sound, British Columbia. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 30, A-125.
60. McLaren, D., Fedje, D., Hay, M., Mackie, Q., Walker, I.J., Shugar, D.H., Eamer, J.B.R., Lian, O.B., Neudorf, C., 2014. A postglacial sea level hinge on the central Pacific coast of Canada. Quaternary Science Reviews 97, 148-169.
61. Menounos, B., Osborn, G., Clague, J.J., Luckman, B.H., 2009. Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier fluctuations in western Canada. Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 2049-2074.
62. Mood, B., Smith, D., 2015. Latest Pleistocene and Holocene behaviour of Franklin Glacier, Mt. Waddington area, British Columbia Coast Mountains, Canada. Holocene 25, 784-794.
63. Neudorf, C.M., Brennand, T.A., Lian, O.B., 2015. Comparisons between macro- and microfabrics in a pebble-rich, sandy till deposited by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Boreas 44, 483-501.
64. Osborn, G., Gerloff, L., 1997. Latest Pleistocene and early Holocene fluctuations of glaciers in the Canadian and northern American Rockies. Quaternary International 38/39, 7-19.
65. Pellatt, M.G., Mathewes, R.W., Clague, J.J., 2002. Implications of a late-glacial pollen record for the glacial and climatic history of the Fraser Lowland, British Columbia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 180, 147-157.
66. Roddick, J.A., 1996. Geology, Rivers Inlet (92M) - Queens Sound (102P) Map Areas, British Columbia. Open File 3278. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
67. Saunders, I.R., Clague, J.J., Roberts, M.C., 1987. Deglaciation of Chilliwack River valley, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, 915-923.
68. Shugar, D.H., Clague, J.J., 2011. The sedimentology and geomorphology of rock avalanche deposits on glaciers. Sedimentology 58, 1762-1783.
69. Shugar, D.H., Walker, I.J., Lian, O.B., Eamer, J.B.R., Neudorf, C., McLaren, D., Fedje, D., 2014. Post-glacial sea-level change along the Pacific coast of North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 97, 170-192.
70. Stolze, S., Roe, H.M., Patterson, R.T., Monecke, T., 2007. A record of Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation and climate change from Woods Lake, Seymour Inlet, coastal British Columbia, Canada. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 147, 112-127.
71. 14CHRONO Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast. http://calib.org.
72. Taylor, M.A., Hendy, I.L., Pak, D.K., 2014. Deglacial ocean warming and marine margin retreat of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in the North Pacific Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 403, 89-98.
73. Usinger, R.L., 1968. Aquatic Hemiptera. In: Usinger, R.L. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 182-228.
74. Warner, B.G., 1984. Late Quaternary Paleoecology of Eastern Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, Canada. PhD dissertation, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
75. Warner, B.G., 1990. Plant macrofossils. In: Warner, B.G. (Ed.), Methods of Quaternary Ecology. Geoscience Canada Reprint Series 5. Geological Association of Canada, St. John's, NL, Canada, pp. 53-63.