The Cordilleran Ice Sheet

Developments in Quaternary Science

Volumn 1, Issue C, 2003, Pages 17-43

  Booth, Derek B ^a   Troost, Kathy Goetz ^a   Clague, John J ^b   Waitt, Richard B ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERVATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957148511     PISSN: 15710866     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1571-0866(03)01002-9     Document Type: Review

References (162)

1. Armstrong, J.E. (1957). Surficial geology of the New Westminster map-area, British Columbia: Canada Geological Survey Paper 57-5, 25 pp.
2. Armstrong, J.E. & Brown, W.L. (1953). Ground-water resources of Surrey Municipality, British Columbia: Canada Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 322, 48 pp.
3. Armstrong J.E., Crandell D.R., Easterbrook D.J., and Noble J.B. Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and chronology in southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 76 (1965) 321-330
4. Atwater B.F. Periodic floods from glacial Lake Missoula into the Sanpoil arm of glacial Lake Columbia, northeastern Washington. Geology 12 (1984) 464-467
5. Atwater, B.F. (1986). Pleistocene glacial-lake deposits of the Sanpoil River valley, northeastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1661, 39 pp.
6. Atwater B.F., and Moore A.L. A tsunami about 1000 years ago in Puget Sound, Washington. Science 258 (1992) 1614-1617
7. Baker, V.R. (1973). Paleohydrology and sedimentology of Lake Missoula flooding in eastern Washington: Geological Society of America Special Paper 144, 79 pp.
8. 14C ages obtained by mass spectrometry on corals. Radiocarbon 35 (1993) 191-199
9. Bard E., Hamelin B., Arnold M., Montaggioni L.F., Cabrioch G., Faure G., and Rougerie F. Deglacial sea-level record from Tahiti corals and the timing of global meltwater discharge. Nature 382 (1996) 241-244
10. Bard E., Hamelin B., and Fairbanks R.G. U/Th ages obtained by mass spectrometry in corals from Barbados: sea level during the past 130,000 years. Nature 346 (1990) 456-458
11. 14C timescale over the past 30000 years using mass spectrometric U-Th ages from Barbados corals. Nature 345 (1990) 405-410
12. Barendregt, R.W. (1995). Paleomagnetic dating methods. In: Rutter, N.W. & Catto, N.R. (Eds), Dating methods for Quaternary deposits. Geological Association of Canada, GEOtext2, 308 pp.
13. Barnosky C.W. A record of late Quaternary vegetation from Davis Lake, southern Puget Lowland, Washington. Quaternary Research 16 (1981) 221-239
14. Barnosky C.W. Late Quaternary vegetation near Battle Ground lake, southern Puget trough, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 96 (1985) 263-271
15. Barton, B.R. (2002). On the distribution of Late Pleistocene mammoth remains from Seattle and King County, Washington State. In: Program and Abstracts, 17th Biennial Meeting, Anchorage, AK, American Quaternary Association, p. 16.
16. Bjornsson H. Explanation of jökulhlaups from Gri{dotless}́msvötn, Vatnajökull, Iceland. Jökull 24 (1974) 1-26
17. Bjornstad B.N., Fecht K.R., and Pluhar C.J. Long history of pre-Wisconsin, ice age cataclysmic floods - evidence from southeastern Washington. Journal of Geology 109 (2001) 695-713
18. Blankenship D.D., Bentley C.R., Rooney S.T., and Alley R.B. Till beneath Ice Stream B: 1 - Properties derived from seismic travel times. Journal of Glaciology 92 B9 (1987) 8903-8911
19. Blunt, D.J., Easterbrook, D.J. & Rutter, N.W. (1987). Chronology of Pleistocene sediments in the Puget Lowland, Washington. In: Schuster, J. (Ed.), Selected papers on the geology of Washington. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Bulletin 77, 321-353.
20. Booth D.B. Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation. Quaternary Research 29 (1986) 269-280
21. Booth D.B. Glacier physics of the Puget lobe, southwest Cordilleran ice sheet. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 45 (1991) 301-315
22. Booth, D.B. (1991b). Geologic map of Vashon and Maury Islands, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Investigations Map MF-2161, scale 1: 24,000.
23. Booth D.B. Glaciofluvial infilling and scour of the Puget Lowland, Washington, during ice-sheet glaciation. Geology 22 (1994) 695-698
24. Booth D.B., and Hallet B. Channel networks carved by subglacial water - observations and reconstruction in the eastern Puget Lowland of Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 105 (1993) 671-683
25. Boothroyd, J.C. & Ashley, G.M. (1975). Processes, bar morphology, and sedimentary structures on braided outwash fans, northeastern Gulf of Alaska. In: Jopling, A.V. & McDonald, B.C. (Eds), Glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine environments. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Minerologists Special Publication No. 23, 193-222.
26. Borden, R.K. & Troost, K.G. (2001). Late pleistocene stratigraphy in the south-central Puget Lowland, West-Central Pierce County, Washington. Olympia, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Report of Investigation 33, 33 pp.
27. Boyd R., Scott D.B., and Douma M. Glacial tunnel valleys and Quaternary history of the outer Scotian shelf. Nature 333 (1988) 61-64
28. Bretz, JH. (1913). Glaciation of the Puget Sound region. Washington Geological Survey Bulletin No. 8, 244 pp.
29. Bretz JH. The channeled scabland of the Columbia plateau. Journal of Geology 31 (1923) 617-649
30. Bretz, JH. (1925). The spokane flood beyond the channeled scablands, Journal of Geology 33, 97-115, 236-259.
31. Bretz JH. Bars of Channeled Scabland. Geological Society of America Bulletin 39 (1928) 643-702
32. Bretz JH. The Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington. Geographical Review 18 (1928) 446-477
33. Bretz, JH. (1929). Valley deposits immediately east of the Channeled Scabland of Washington. Journal of Geology, 37, 393-427, 505-541.
34. Bretz JH. The grand coulee. American Geographical Society Special Publication 15 (1932) 89
35. Bretz JH., Smith H.T.U., and Neff G.E. Channeled Scabland of Washington - new data and interpretations. Geological Society of America Bulletin 67 (1956) 957-1049
36. Brocher, T.M., Parsons, T., Blakely, R.J., Christensen, N.I., Fisher, M.A., Wells, R.E. & the SHIPS Working Group (2001). Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington - results from 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 13,541-13,564.
37. Brown N.E., Hallet B., and Booth D.B. Rapid soft bed sliding of the Puget glacial lobe. Journal of Geophysical Research 92 B9 (1987) 8985-8997
38. Bucknam R.C., Hemphill-Haley E., and Leopold E.B. Abrupt uplift within the past 1700 years at southern Puget Sound, Washington. Science 258 (1992) 1611-1614
39. Cande S.C., and Kent D.V. Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity time scale for the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (1995) 6093-6095
40. Chambers, R.L. (1971). Sedimentation in glacial Lake Missoula [M.S. thesis]. Missoula, University of Montana, 100 pp.
41. Chapman M.R., and Shackleton N.J. Global ice-volume fluctuations, North Atlantic ice-rafting events, and deep-ocean circulation changes between 130 and 70 ka. Geology 27 (1999) 795-798
42. Chappell J., Omura A., Esat T., McCulloch M., Pandolfi J., Ota Y., and Pillans B. Reconciliation of late Quaternary sea levels derived from coral terraces at Huon Peninsula with deep sea oxygen isotope records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 141 (1996) 227-236
43. Chappell J., and Polach H. Post-glacial sea-level rise from a coral record at Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Nature 349 (1991) 147-149
44. Chappell J., and Shackleton N.J. Oxygen isotopes and sea level. Nature 324 (1986) 137-140
45. Clague J.J. Quadra Sand and its relation to the late Wisconsin glaciation of southwest British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13 (1976) 803-815
46. Clague, J.J. (1980). Late Quaternary geology and geochronology of British Columbia, Part 1 - radiocarbon dates. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-13, 28 pp.
47. Clague, J.J. (1981). Late Quaternary geology and geochronology of British Columbia, Part 2. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-35, 41 pp.
48. Clague, J.J. (1983). Glacio-isostatic effects of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada. In: Smith, D.E. & Dawson, A.G. (Eds), Shorelines and Isostay. London, Academic Press, 321-343.
49. Clague, J.J. (1989). Quaternary geology of the Canadian cordillera. In: Fulton, R.J. (Ed.), Quaternary geology of Canada and Greenland. Geology of Canada, 1, pp. 17-95 (Vol. 1 also printed as Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, K-1).
50. Clague J.J., Armstrong J.E., and Mathewes W.H. Advance of the late Wisconsinin Cordilleran ice sheet in southern British Columbia since 22,000 yr BP. Quaternary Research 13 (1980) 322-326
51. Clague J.J., Harper J.R., Hebda R.J., and Howes D.E. Late Quaternary sea levels and crustal movements, coastal British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19 (1982) 597-618
52. Clague J.J., and James T.S. History and isostatic effects of the last ice sheet in southern British Columbia. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 71-87
53. Clague J.J., Mathewes R.W., Guilbault J.P., Hutchinson I., and Ricketts B.D. Pre-Younger Dryas resurgence of the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, British Columbia, Canada. Boreas 26 (1997) 261-278
54. Clark, P.U. & Mix, A.C. (Eds) (2002). Ice sheets and sea levels at the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, 454 pp.
55. Clarke G.K.C., Mathews W.H., and Pack R.T. Outburst floods from glacial Lake Missoula. Quaternary Research 22 (1984) 289-299
56. Crandell, D.R. (1963). Surficial geology and geomorphology of the Lake Tapps quadrangle, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 388A, 84 pp.
57. Crandell, D.R. (1965). The glacial history of western Washington and Oregon. In: Wright, H.E., Jr. & Frey, D.G. (Eds), The Quaternary of the United States. Princeton University Press, 341-353.
58. Crandell D.R., Mullineaux D.R., and Waldron H.H. Pleistocene sequence in the southeastern part of the Puget Sound Lowland, Washington. American Journal of Science 256 (1958) 384-397
59. Crandell, D.R., Mullineaux, D.R. & Waldron, H.H. (1966). Age and origin of the Puget Sound trough in western Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 525-B, B132-B136.
60. Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B. & Langway, C.C. (1971). Climatic record revealed by the Camp Century ice core. In: Turekian, K.K. (Ed.), Late Cenozoic glacial ages. Yale University Press, Hartford, 37-56.
61. Deeter, J.D. (1979). Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of Kitsap County, Washington [M.S. thesis]. Bellingham, Western Washington University, Department of Geology, 243 pp.
62. Dethier D.P., Pessl Jr. F., Keuler R.F., Balzarini M.A., and Pevear D.R. Late Wisconsinan glaciomarine deposition and isostatic rebound, northern Puget Lowland, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107 (1995) 1288-1303
63. Easterbrook D.J. Late Pleistocene glacial events and relative sea level changes in the northern Puget Lowland, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 74 (1963) 1465-1484
64. Easterbrook D.J. Stratigraphy and chronology of Quaternary deposits of the Puget Lowland and Olympic Mountains of Washington and the Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon. Quaternary Science Reviews 5 (1986) 145-159
65. Easterbrook, D.J. (1994). Chronology of pre-late Wisconsin Pleistocene sediments in the Puget Lowland, Washington. In: Lasmanis, R. & Cheney, E.S., conveners, Regional geology of Washington State. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Bulletin 80, 191-206.
66. Easterbrook D.J., Berger G.W., and Walter R. Laser argon and TL dating of early and middle Pleistocene glaciations in the Puget Lowland, Washington. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 24 (1992) 22
67. Easterbrook D.J., and Briggs N.D. Age of the Auburn reversal and the Salmon Springs and Vashon glaciations in Washington. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 11 (1979) 76-77
68. Easterbrook D.J., Briggs N.D., Westgate J.A., and Gorton M. Age of the Salmon Springs glaciation in Washington. Geology 9 (1981) 87-93
69. Easterbrook D.J., Crandell D.R., and Leopold E.B. Pre-Olympia Pleistocene stratigraphy and chronology in the central Puget Lowland, Washington. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 78 (1967) 13-20
70. Easterbrook, D.J., Roland, J.L., Carson, R.J. & Naeser, N.D. (1988). Application of paleomagnetism, fission-track dating, and tephra correlation to lower Pleistocene sediments in the Puget Lowland, Washington. In: Easterbrook, D.J. (Ed.), Dating Quaternary sediments. Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 227, 165 pp.
71. Easterbrook D.J., and Rutter N.W. Amino acid ages of Pleistocene glacial and interglacial sediments in western Washington. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 13 (1981) 444
72. Easterbrook D.J., and Rutter N.W. Amino acid analyses of wood and shells in development of chronology and correlation of Pleistocene sediments in the Puget Lowland, Washington. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 14 (1982) 480
73. Ehlers J. Some aspects of glacial erosion and deposition in northern Germany. Annals of Glaciology 2 (1981) 143-146
74. Epstein S., Sharp R.P., and Gow A.J. Antarctic ice sheet: stable isotope analyses of Byrd station cores and interhemispheric climatic implications. Science 168 (1970) 1570-1572
75. Fairbanks R.G. A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting dates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation. Nature 342 (1989) 637-642
76. Friele P.A., and Clague J.J. Readvance of glaciers in the British Columbia Coast Mountains at the end of the last glaciation. Quaternary International 87 (2002) 45-58
77. Friele P.A., and Hutchinson I. Holocene sea-level change on the central west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30 (1993) 832-840
78. Grigg L.D., Whitlock C., and Dean W.E. Evidence for millennial-scale climate change during Marine Isotope stages 2 and 3 at Little Lake, western Oregon, USA. Quaternary Research 56 (2001) 10-22
79. Grootes P.M., Stuiver M., White J.W.C., Johnsen S., and Jouzel J. Comparison of oxygen isotope records from GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores. Nature 366 (1993) 552-554
80. Hagstrum, J.T., Booth, D.B. & Troost, K.G. (2002). Magnetostratigraphy, paleomagnetic correlation, and deformation of Pleistocene deposits in the south-central Puget Lowland, Washington. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107 (B4), 10.1029/2001JB000557, paper EPM 6, 14 pp.
81. Hanebuth T., Stattegger K., and Grootes P.M. Rapid flooding of the Sunda Shelf: A late-glacial sea-level record. Science 288 (2000) 1033-1035
82. Hansen B.S., and Easterbrook D.J. Stratigraphy and palynology of late Quaternary sediments in the Puget Sound region. Geological Society of America Bulletin 86 (1974) 587-602
83. Harrington C.R., Plouffe A., and Jetté H. A partial bison skeleton from Chuchi Lake, and its implications for the Middle Wisconsinin environment of Central British Columbia. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 50 (1996) 73-80
84. Heusser C.J. Quaternary palynology of the Pacific slope of Washington. Quaternary Research 8 (1977) 282-306
85. Heusser C.J., and Heusser L.E. Palynology and paleotemperature analysis of the Whidbey Formation, Puget Lowland, Washington. Canadian Journal of Botany 18 (1981) 136-149
86. Heusser, C.J., Heusser, L.E. & Streeter, S.S. (1980). Quaternary temperatures and precipitation for the northwest coast of North America: Nature, v. 286, p. 702-704.
87. Hewitt A.T., and Mosher D.C. Late Quaternary stratigraphy and seafloor geology of eastern Juan de Fuca Strait, British Columbia and Washington. Marine Geology 177 (2001) 295-316
88. Hicock, S.R. (1976). Quaternary geology - Coquitlam-Port Moody area, British Columbia [M.Sc. Thesis]. Vancouver, University British Columbia, 114 pp.
89. Hicock S.R., and Armstrong J.E. Coquitlam Drift - a pre-Vashon Fraser glacial formation in the Fraser Lowland, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18 (1981) 1443-1451
90. Hicock S.R., and Armstrong J.E. Vashon drift - definition of the formation in the Georgia Depression, southwest British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22 (1985) 748-757
91. Hicock S.R., Hebda R.J., and Armstrong J.E. Lag of the late-Fraser glacial maximum in the Pacific Northwest - pollen and macrofossil evidence from western Fraser Lowland, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19 (1982) 2288-2296
92. Hicock S.R., Lian O.B., and Mathewes R.W. 'Bond Cycles' recorded in terrestrial Pleistocene sediments of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Quaternary Science 14 (1999) 443-449
93. Holmes, M.L., Sylvester, R.E. & Burns, R.E. (1988). Post-glacial sedimentation in Puget Sound - the container, its history, and its hazards: Seattle, WA. Program with abstracts, Puget Sound Research Meeting, Puget Sound Water Quality Authority.
94. James T.S., Clague J.J., Wang K., and Hutchinson I. Postglacial rebound at the northern Cascadia subduction zone. Quaternary Science Reviews 19 (2000) 1527-1541
95. Johnson, S.Y., Dadisman, S.V., Mosher, D.C., Blakely, R.J. & Childs, J.R. (2001). Active tectonics of the Devils Mountain fault and related structures, northern Puget Lowland and eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca region, Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1643, 45 pp.
96. Johnsen S.Y., Dansgaard W., Clausen H.B., and Langway C.C. Oxygen isotope profiles through the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Nature 235 (1972) 429-434
97. Johnson S.Y., Potter C.J., and Armentrout J.M. Origin and evolution of the Seattle fault and Seattle basin, Washington. Geology 22 (1994) 71-74
98. Johnson S.Y., Potter C.J., Armentrout J.M., Miller J.J., Finn C., and Weaver C.S. The southern Whidbey Island fault: an active structure in the Puget Lowland Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 108 (1996) 334-354
99. Jouzel J., Hoffmann G., Parrenin F., and Waelbroeck C. Atmospheric oxygen 18 and sea-level changes. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 307-314
100. Kovanen D.J. Morphologic and stratigraphic evidence for Allerod and Younger Dryas age glacier fluctuations of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, British Columbia, Canada, and northwest Washington, USA. Boreas 31 (2002) 163-184
101. Kovanen D.J., and Easterbrook D.J. Late Pleistocene, post-Vashon, alpine glaciation of the Nooksack drainage, North Cascades, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113 (2001) 274-288
102. Lambeck K., Yokoyama Y., Johnston P., and Purcell A. Global ice volumes at the Last Glacial Maximum. Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters 181 (2000) 513-527
103. Lambeck K., Yokoyama Y., and Purcell T. Into and out of the last glacial maximum sea-level changes during oxygen isotope stages 3 and 2. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 343-360
104. Lea D.W., Martin P.A., Pak D.K., and Spero H.J. Reconstructing a 350 ky history of sea level using planktonic Mg/Ca and oxygen isotope records from a Cocos Ridge core. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 283-293
105. Linden R.H., and Schurer P.J. Sediment characteristics and sealevel history of Royal Roads Anchorage, Victoria, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25 (1988) 1800-1810
106. Lorius C., Jouzel J., Ritz C., Merlivat L., Barkov N.I., Korotkevitch Y.S., and Kotlyakov V.M. A 150,000-year climatic record from Antarctic ice. Nature 316 (1985) 591-596
107. Lowell, T.V., Hayward, R.K. & Denton, G.H. (1999). Role of climate oscillations in determining ice-margin position - Hypothesis, examples, and implications. In: Mickelson, D.M. & Attig, J.W. (Eds), Glacial processes, past and present. Geological Society of America Special Paper 337, 193-203.
108. Mahan, S.A., Booth, D.B. & Troost, K.G. (2000). Luminescence dating of glacially derived sediments - a case study for the Seattle Mapping Project: Vancouver, British Columbia, Abstracts with Programs, 96th Annual Meeting Cordilleran Section, Geological Society of America, A-27.
109. Mahoney, J.B., Brandup, J., Troost, K.G. & Booth, D.B. (2000). Geochemical discrimination of episodic glaciofluvial sedimentation, Puget Lowland, Washington: Vancouver, British Columbia, Abstracts with Programs, 96th Annual Meeting Cordilleran Section, Geological Society of America, A-27.
110. Mankinnen E.A., and Dalrymple G.B. Revised geomagnetic polarity time scale for the interval 0-5 m.y. b.p. Journal of Geophysical Research 84 (1979) 615-626
111. Mathewes R.W., and Heusser L.E. A 12,000-year palynological record of temperature and precipitation trends in the southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Botany 59 (1981) 707-710
112. Mathews W.H. Surface profile of the Laurentide ice sheet in its marginal areas. Journal of Glaciology 13 (1974) 37-43
113. Mathews W.H., Fyles J.G., and Nasmith H.W. Postglacial crustal movements in southwestern British Columbia and adjacent Washington state. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 7 (1970) 690-702
114. Mehringer Jr. P.J., Sheppard J.C., and Foit F.F. The age of Glacier Peak tephra in west-central Montana. Quaternary Research 21 (1984) 36-41
115. Mickelson, D.M., Clayton, L., Fullerton, D.S. & Borns, H.W., Jr. (1983). The late Wisconsin glacial record of the Laurentide ice sheet in the United States. In: Wright, H.E., Jr. & Porter, S.C. (Eds), The Quaternary of the United States. University of Minnesota Press, 1, 3-37.
116. Minard, J.M. & Booth, D.B. (1988). Geologic map of the Redmond 7. 5' quadrangle, King and Snohomish Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Investigations Map MF-2016, scale 1: 24,000.
117. Muhs D.R., Kennedy G.L., and Rockwell T.K. Uranium-series ages of marine terrace corals from the Pacific coast of North America and implications for last-interglacial sea level history. Quaternary Research 42 (1994) 72-87
118. Muhs, D.R., Thorson, R.M., Clague, J.J., Mathews, W.H., McDowell, P.F. & Kelsey, H.M. (1987). Pacific Coast and Mountain System. In: Graf, W.L. (Ed.), Geomorphic systems of North America. Geological Society of America, Centennial, 2, 517-581.
119. Mullineaux, D.R., Waldron, H.H. & Rubin, M. (1965). Stratigraphy and chronology of late interglacial and early Vashon time in the Seattle area. Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1194-O, O1-O10.
120. Mullins H.T., and Hinchey E.J. Erosion and infill of New York Finger Lakes: Implications for Laurentide ice sheet deglaciation. Geology 17 (1989) 622-625
121. Noble, J.B. & Wallace, E.F. (1966). Geology and ground-water resources of Thurston County, Washington. Washington Division of Water Resources Water-Supply Bulletin, 10, 254.
122. O'Connor J.E., and Baker V.R. Magnitudes and implications of peak discharges from glacial Lake Missoula. Geological Society of America Bulletin 104 (1992) 267-279
123. O'Connor, J.E. & Waitt, R.B. (1995). Beyond the channeled Scabland - field trip to Missoula flood features in the Columbia, Yakima, and Walla Walla valleys of Washington and Oregon. Oregon Geology, 57, 51-60, 75-86, 99-115.
124. Oviatt C.G., Currey D.R., and Sack D. Radiocarbon chronology of Lake Bonneville, eastern Great Basin, USA. Palæogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palæoecology 99 (1992) 225-241
125. Pardee J.T. Unusual currents in glacial Lake Missoula, Montana. Geological Society of America Bulletin 53 (1942) 1569-1599
126. Paterson, W.S.B. (1981). The physics of glaciers. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 380 pp.
127. Patterson, C.J. (1994). Tunnel-valley fans of the St. Croix moraine, east-central Minnesota, USA. In: Warren, W.P. & Croot, D.G. (Eds), Formation and deformation of glacial deposits - proceedings of the meeting of the Commission on the Formation and Deformation of Glacial Deposits. Dublin, Ireland, May 1991: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 69-87.
128. Peltier W.R. On eustatic sea level history: Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 377-396
129. Pessl, F., Jr., Dethier, D.P., Booth, D.B. & Minard, J.P. (1989). Surficial geology of the Port Townsend 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1198F.
130. Petit, J.R. et al. (1999). Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok Ice Core, Antarctica. Nature, 399, 429-436.
131. Plouffe A., and Jette H. Middle Wisconsinan sediments and paleoecology of central British Columbia sites at Necoslie and Nautley rivers. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34 (1997) 200-208
132. Porter S.C. Glacier Peak tephra in the North Cascade range, Washington - Stratigraphy, distribution, and relationship to late-glacial events. Quaternary Research 10 (1978) 30-41
133. Porter, S.C., Pierce, K.L., & Hamilton, T.D. (1983). Late Wisconsin mountain glaciation in the western United States. In: Wright, H.E., Jr. (Ed.), Late Quaternary environments of the United States. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1, 71-111.
134. Porter S.C., and Swanson T.W. Radiocarbon age constraints on rates of advance and retreat of the Puget lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation. Quaternary Research 50 (1998) 205-213
135. Pratt T.L., Johnson S.Y., Potter C.J., Stephenson W.J., and Finn C.A. Seismic reflection images beneath Puget Sound, western Washington State - the Puget Lowland thrust sheet hypothesis. Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets 102 (1997) 27,469-27,489
136. Prest, V.K. (1969). Retreat of recent and Wisconsin ice in North America: Geological Survey of Canada Map 1257A, scale 1: 5,000,000.
137. Richmond G.M. Tentative correlations of deposits of the Cordilleran ice-sheet in the northern Rocky Mountains. Quaternary Science Reviews 5 (1986) 129-144
138. Rigg G.B., and Gould H.R. Age of Glacier Peak eruption and chronology of postglacial peat deposits in Washington and surrounding areas. American Journal of Science 255 (1957) 341-363
139. Shackleton N.J. Oxygen isotopes, ice volume and sea level. Quaternary Science Reviews 6 (1987) 183-190
140. Shackelton N.J., Berger A., and Peltier W.R. An alternative astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene time-scale based on ODP site 677a. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 81 (1990) 251-261
141. Shaw J., and Gilbert R. Evidence for large-scale subglacial meltwater flood events in southern Ontario and northern New York State. Geology 18 (1990) 1169-1172
142. Thorson R.M. Ice sheet glaciation of the Puget Lowland, Washington, during the Vashon stade (late Pleistocene). Quaternary Research 13 (1980) 303-321
143. Thorson R.M. Glacio-isostatic response of the Puget Sound area, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 101 (1989) 1163-1174
144. Troost, K.G. (1999). The Olympia nonglacial interval in the southcentral Puget Lowland, Washington [M.S. thesis]. Seattle, University of Washington, 123 pp.
145. Troost, K.G. (2002). Summary of the Olympia nonglacial interval (MIS3) in the Puget Lowland, Washington. Corvallis, Oregon, Abstracts with Programs, 98th Annual Cordilleran Section Meeting, Geological Society of America, p. A109.
146. Troost, K.G., Booth, D.B. & Borden, R.K. (2003). Geologic map of the Tacoma North 7.5-minute quadrangle, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Investigation, scale 1: 24,000 (in press).
147. Waelbroeck C., Labeyrie L., Michel E., Duplessy J.C., McManus J.F., Lambeck K., Balbon E., and Labracherie M. Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotope records. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 295-305
148. Waitt R.B. About forty last-glacial Lake Missoula jökulhlaups through southern Washington. Journal of Geology 88 (1980) 653-679
149. Waitt R.B. Periodic jökulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula - new evidence from varved sediment in northern Idaho and Washington. Quaternary Research 22 (1984) 46-58
150. Waitt R.B. Case for periodic, colossal jökulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula. Geological Society of America Bulletin 96 (1985) 1271-1286
151. Waitt, R.B. (1994). Scores of gigantic, successively smaller Lake Missoula floods through Channeled Scabland and Columbia valley. In: Swanson, D.A. & Haugerud, R.A. (Eds), Geologic field trips in the Pacific Northwest. Seattle, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington, 1 (Chapter 1K), 88 pp.
152. Waitt, R.B., O'Connor, J.E. & Harpel, C.J. (2000). Varying routings of repeated colossal jökulhlaups through the channeled scabland of Washington, USA [abst]. Orkustofnun Rept. OS-2000/036, Reykjavi{dotless}́k, Extremes of the Extremes Conference, 27.
153. Waitt, R.B. & Thorson, R.M. (1983). The Cordilleran ice sheet in Washington, Idaho, and Montana. In: Porter, S.C. & Wright, H.E., Jr. (Eds), Late-Quaternary environments of the United States. University of Minnesota Press, 1, 53-70.
154. Walcott R.I. Isostatic response to loading of the crust in Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 7 (1970) 716-726
155. Waldron, H.H., Liesch, B.A., Mullineaux, D.R. & Crandell, D.R. (1962). Preliminary geologic map of Seattle and vicinity, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-354.
156. Walters, K.L. & Kimmel, G.E. (1968). Ground-water occurrence in stratigraphy of unconsolidated deposits, central Pierce County, Washington. Washington Department of Water Resources Water-Supply Bulletin, 22, 428 pp.
157. Wells R.E., Weaver C.S., and Blakely R.J. Fore-arc migration in Cascadia and its neotectonic significance. Geology 26 (1998) 759-762
158. Westgate J.A., Easterbrook D.J., Naeser N.D., and Carson R.J. Lake Tapps tephra - an early Pleistocene stratigraphic marker in the Puget Lowland, Washington. Quaternary Research 28 (1987) 340-355
159. Whitlock, C. & Grigg, L.D. (1999). Paleoecological evidence of Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch climate variations in the western U.S. during the late Quaternary. In: Webb, R.S., Clark, P.U. & Keigwin, L.D. (Eds), The roles of high and low latitudes in millennial-scale global climate change. American Geophysical Union, 227-241.
160. Whitlock C., Sarna-Wojcicki A.M., Bartlein P.J., and Nickmann R.J. Environmental history and tephrostratigraphy at Carp Lake, southwestern Columbia basin, Washington, USA. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Palaeoecology 155 (2000) 7-29
161. Willis B. Drift phenomena of Puget Sound. Geological Society of America Bulletin 9 (1898) 111-162
162. Yokoyama Y., Lambeck K., De Deckker P.P.J., Johnson P., and Fifield L.K. Timing of the last glacial maximum from observed sea-level minima. Nature 406 (2000) 713-716