Optimizing spatial filters for robust EEG single-trial analysis

IEEE Signal Processing Magazine

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 41-56

  Blankertz, Benjamin ^a   Tomioka, Ryota ^b   Lemm, Steven ^b,c   Kawanabe, Motoaki ^b   Müller, Klaus Robert ^a,d  

^a TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^b FRAUNHOFER FIRST   (Germany)

^c CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BANDPASS FILTERS; HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION; LEARNING SYSTEMS; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO;

BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE; COMMON SPATIAL PATTERN; SINGLE-TRIAL ANALYSIS;

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY;

EID: 85032751688     PISSN: 10535888     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/MSP.2008.4408441     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. H. Berger, "Uber das Elektroenkephalogramm des Menschen," Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 555-574, 1933.
2. B. Blankertz, G. Dornhege, M. Krauledat, G. Curio, and K.-R. Müller, "The non-invasive Berlin Brain-Computer Interface: Fast acquisition of effective performance in untrained subjects," NeuroImage, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 539-550, 2007.
3. B. Blankertz, G. Dornhege, M. Krauledat, K.-R. Müller, V. Kunzmann, F. Losch, and G. Curio, "The Berlin Brain-Computer Interface: EEG-based communication without subject training," IEEE Trans. Neural Sys. Rehab. Eng., vol. 14, no. 2 pp. 147-152, 2006.
4. B. Blankertz, G. Dornhege, S. Lemm, M. Krauledat, G. Curio, and K.-R. Müller, "The Berlin Brain-Computer Interface: Machine learning based detection of user specific brain states," J. Univ. Comput Sci., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 581-607, 2006.
5. B. Blankertz, M. Kawanabe, R. Tomioka, F. Hohlefeld, V. Nikulin, and K.-R. Müller, "Invariant common spatial patterns: Alleviating nonstationarities in brain-computer interfacing," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 20, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008.
6. B. Blankertz, M. Krauledat, G. Dornhege, J. Williamson, R. Murray-Smith, and K.-R. Müller, "A note on brain actuated spelling with the Berlin Brain-Computer Interface," in Universal Access in HCI, C. Stephanidis, Ed. (Part II, HCH, 2007, vol. 4555 of LNCS) Berlin: Springer-Verlag, vol. 4555, pp. 759-768, 2007.
7. B. Blankertz, F. Losch, M. Krauledat, G. Dornhege, G. Curio, and K.-R. Müller, "The Berlin Brain-Computer Interface: Accurate performance from first-session in BCI-naive subjects," submitted for publication.
8. B. Blankertz, K.-R. Müller, D. Krusienski, G. Schalk, J.R. Wolpaw, A. Schlögl, G. Pfurtscheller, J. del R. Millán, M. Schroder, and N. Birbaumer, "The BCI competition III: Validating alternative approachs to actual BCI problems," IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehab. Eng., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 153-159, 2006.
9. R.N. Bracewell, The Fourier Transform and Its Applications, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.
10. J. del R. Milkin, "On the need for on-line learning in brain-computer interfaces," in Proc. Int. Joint Conference Neural Networks, Budapest, Hungary, July 2004. IDIAP-RR 03-30, pp. 2877-2882.
11. G. Dornhege, "Increasing information transfer rates for brain-computer interfacing. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Comput. Sci., Univ. Potsdam, Germany, 2006.
12. G. Dornhege, B. Blankertz, G. Curio, and K.-R. Müller, "Boosting bit rates in non-invasive EEG single-trial classifications by feature combination and multi-class paradigms," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 993-1002, June 2004.
13. G. Dornhege, B. Blankertz, M. Krauledat, F. Losch, G. Curio, and K.-R. Müller, "Optimizing spatio-temporal filters for improving brain-computer interfacing," In Advances in Neural Inf. Proc. Systems (NIPS 05), vol. 18, pp. 315-322, Cambridge, MA, 2006. MIT Press.
14. G. Dornhege, José del R. Millán, Thilo Hinterberger, Dennis McFarland, and K.-R. Müller, Eds. Toward Brain-Computer Interfacing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.
15. G. Dornhege, M. Krauledat, K.-R. Müller, and B. Blankertz, "General signal processing and machine learning tools for BCL," in Toward Brain-Computer Interfacing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007, pp. 207-233.
16. J. Farquhar, N.J. Hill, T.N. Lal, and B. Schölkopf, "Regularised CSP for sensor selection in BCL" in Proc. 3rd Int. Brain-Computer Interface Workshop Training Course 2006, Verlag der Technischen Universtät, Graz, Austria, pp. 14-15.
17. J. Farquhar, J. Hill, and B. Schölkopf, "Learning optimal EEG features across time, frequency and space," in NIPS 2006 Workshop Current Trends Brain-Computer Interfacing, Whistler, Canada, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.kyb.mpg.de/publications/attachments/ nips2006_4262%5B0%5D.pdf
18. K. Fukunaga, Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition, 2nd ed. New York: Academic, 1990.
19. C. Guger, H. Ramoser, and G. Pfurtscheller, "Real-time EEG analysis with subject-specific spatial patterns for a Brain Computer Interface (BCI)," IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehab. Eng., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 447-456, 2000.
20. R. Hari and R. Salmelin, "Human cortical oscillations: A neuromagnetic view through the skull," Trends Neurosci., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 44-49, 1997.
21. T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani, and J. Friedman, The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference and Prediction (Springer Series in Statistics). New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001.
22. J. Hill and J. Farquhar, "An evidence-based approach to optimizing feature extraction in EEG signal classification," Max Planck Inst. Biolog. Cybernet., Tech. Report, 2007, unpublished.
23. N.J. Hill, J. Farquhar, T.N. Lal, and B. Schölkopf, "Time-dependent demixing of task-relevant EEG signals," in Proc. 3rd Int. Brain-Computer Interface Workshop Training Course 2006, Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, Graz, Austria, pp. 20-21.
24. H. Jasper and H.L. Andrews, "Normal differentiation of occipital and precentral regions in man," Arch. Neurol. Psych. (Chicago), vol. 39, pp. 96-115, Jan. 1938.
25. H. Jasper and W. Penfield, "Electrocorticograms in man: Effect of voluntary movement upon the electrical activity of the precentral gyrus," Arch. Psychiatrie Zeitschrift Neurol., vol. 183, pp. 163-174, 1949.
26. M. Kawanabe, M. Krauledat, and B. Blankertz, "A Bayesian approach for adaptive [BCI classification," in Proc. 3rd Int. Brain-Computer Interface Workshop Training Course 2006, pp. 54-55. Verlag der Technischen Universtät Graz, Graz, Austria, 2006.
27. Z.J. Koles, "The quantitative extraction and topographic mapping of the abnormal components in the clinical EEG," Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 79, no. 6, pp. 440-447, 1991.
28. M. Krauledat, M. Schroder, B. Blankertz, and K.-R. Müller, "Reducing calibration time for brain-computer interfaces: A clustering approach," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19. B. Schölkopf, J. Platt, and T. Hoffman, Eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007, pp. 753-760.
29. M. Krauledat, P. Shenoy, B. Blankertz, R.P.N. Rao, and K.-R. Müller, "Adaptation in CSP-based BCI systems," in Toward Brain-Computer Interfacing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007, pp. 305-309.
30. A. Kühler, F. Nijboer, J. Mellinger, T.M. Vaughan, H. Pawelzik, G. Schalk, D.J. McFarland, N. Birbaumer, and J.R. Wolpaw, "Patients with ALS can use sensorimotor rhythms to operate a brain-computer interface," Neurology, vol. 64, no. 10 pp. 1775-1777, 2005.
31. S. Lemm, B. Blankertz, G. Curio, and K.-R. Müller, "Spatio-spectral filters for improving classification of single trial EEG," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1541-1548, 2005.
32. Y. Li and C. Guan, "An extended EM algorithm for joint feature extraction and classification in brain-computer interfaces," Neural Comput., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 2730-2761, 2006.
33. K.-R. Müller, S. Mika, G. Rätsch, K. Tsuda, and B. Schölkopt, "An introduction to kernel-based learning algorithms," IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 181-201, May 2001.
34. K.-R. Müller and B. Blankertz, "Toward noninvasive brain-computer interfaces," IEEE Signal Processing Mag., vol. 23, no.5,pp. 125-128, Sept. 2006.
35. J. Müller-Gerking, G. Pfurtscheller, and H. Flyvbjerg, "Designing optimal spatial filters for single-trial EEG classification in a movement task," Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 110, no. 5, pp, 787-798, 1999.
36. C. Neuper and G. Pfurtscheller, "Event-related dynamics of cortical rhythms: Frequency-specific features and functional correlates," Int. J. Psychophysiol., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 41-58, 2001.
37. C. Neuper, R. Scherer, M. Reiner, and G. Pfurtscheller, "Imagery of motor actions: Differential effects of kinesthetic and visual-motor mode of imagery in single-trial EEG," Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 668-677, 2005.
38. V. Nikouline, K. Linkenkaer-Hansen, H. Wikström, M. Kesäniemi, E. Antonova, R. Ilmoniemi, and J. Huttunen, "Dynamics of mu-rhythm suppression caused by median nerve stimulation: A magnetoencephalographic study in human subjects," Neurosci. Lett. vol. 294, no. 3, pp. 163-166, 2000.
39. P.L. Nunez, R. Srinivasan, A.F. Westdorp, R.S. Wijesinghe, D.M. Tucker, R.B. Silberstein, and P.J. Cadusch, "EEG coherency I: Statistics, reference electrode, volume conduction, Laplacians, cortical imaging, and interpretation at multiple scales," Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 103, no. 5, pp.499-515, 1997.
40. L. Parra and P. Saida, "Blind source separation via generalized eigenvalue decomposition," J. Mach. Learn. Res., vol. 4, no. 7-8, pp. 1261-1269, 2003.
41. L.C. Parra, C.D. Spence, A.D. Gerson, and P. Sajda, "Recipes for the linear analysis of EEG," Neurolinage, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 326-341, 2005.
42. G. Pfurtscheller and A. Aranbibar, "Evaluation of event-related desynchronization preceding and following voluntary self-paced movement," Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 138-146, 1979.
43. G. Pfurtscheller, C. Brunner, A. Schlögl, and F.H. Lopes da Silva, "Mu rhythm (de)synchronization and EEG single-trial classification of different motor imagery tasks," NeuroImage, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 153-159, 2006.
44. A. Schlögl, J. Kronegg, J. Huggins, and S.G. Mason, "Evaluation criteria for BCI research," in Towards Brain-Computer Interfacing G. Dornhege, Jose del R. Millán, Thilo Hinterberger, Dennis McFarland, and K.-R. Müller, Eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007, pp. 297-312.
45. A. Schnitzler, S. Salenius, R. Salmelin, V. Jousmäki, and R. Hari, "Involvement of primary motor cortex in motor imagery: A neuromagnetic study," NeuroImage, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 201-208, 1997.
46. S.H. Scott, "Converting thoughts into action," Nature, vol. 442, no. 7099, pp. 141-142, 2006.
47. P. Shenoy, M. Krauledat, B. Blankertz, R.P.N. Rao, and K.-R. Müller, "Towards adaptive classification for BCI" J. Neural Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. R13-R23, 2006.
48. R. Tomioka and K. Aihara, "Classifying matrices with a spectral regularization," in ICML '07: Proc. 24th Int. Conf. Machine Learning ACM Press, 2007, pp. 895-902.
49. R. Tomioka, K. Aihara, and K.-R. Müller, "Logistic regression for single trial EEG classification," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19, B. Schölkopf, J. Platt, and T. Hoffman, Eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007, pp. 1377-1384.
50. R. Tomioka, G. Dornhege, K. Aihara, and K.-R. Müller, "An iterative algorithm for spatio-temporal filter optimization," in Proc. 3rd Int. Brain-Computer Interface Workshop Training Course 2006, Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, Graz, Austria, 2006, pp. 22-23.
51. C. Vidaurre, A. Schlögl, R. Cabeza, R. Scherer, and G. Pfurtscheller, "A fully on-line adaptive BCL," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 53, no. 6,2006.
52. C. Vidaurre, A. Schlögl, R. Cabeza, R. Scherer, and G. Pfurtscheller, "Study of on-line adaptive discriminant analysis for EEG-based brain computer interfaces," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 550-556, 2007.
53. J.R. Wolpaw and D.J. McFarland, "Control of a two-dimensional movement signal by a noninvasive brain-computer interface in humans," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 101, no. 51, pp. 17849-17854,2004.
54. J.R. Wolpaw, D.J. McFarland, and T.M. Vaughan, "Brain-computer interface research at the Wadsworth Center," IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng. vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 222-226, 2000.
55. J.R. Wolpaw, N. Birbaumer, D.J. McFarland, G. Pfurtscheller, and T.M. Vaughan, "Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control," Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 113, no. 6, pp. 767-791, 2002.