EEG coherency I: Statistics, reference electrode, volume conduction, Laplacians, cortical imaging, and interpretation at multiple scales

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 103, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 499-515

  Nunez, Paul L ^a,b   Srinivasan, Ramesh ^b,c   Westdorp, Andrew F ^a,d   Wijesinghe, Ranjith S ^a,g   Tucker, Don M ^b,c   Silberstein, Richard B ^e,f   Cadusch, Peter J ^e,f  

^a TULANE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Electrical Geodesics Inc   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^e FLOREY INSTITUTE OF NEUROSCIENCE AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Australia)

^f SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

^g LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Coherence; Cortical image; Spline Laplacian

Indexed keywords

COGNITION; DATA ANALYSIS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; IMAGE ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL PROCESSING; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0030694031     PISSN: 00134694     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0013-4694(97)00066-7     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Andrew, C. and Pfurtscheller, G. Event-related coherence as a tool for studying dynamic interaction of brain regions. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1995, 98: 144-148.
2. Andrew, C. and Pfurtscheller, G. Dependence of coherence measurements on EEG derivation type. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 1996a, 34: 232-238.
3. Andrew, C. and Pfurtscheller, G. Coherence analysis of movement-related EEG. Proceedings of the Third International Hans Berger Congress, Jena, Germany, 3-6 October, 1996b.
4. Babiloni, F., Babiloni, C., Fattorini, L., Carducci, F., Onorati, P. and Urbano, A. Performances of surface Laplacian estimators: a study of simulated and real scalp potential distributions. Brain Topogr., 1995, 8: 35-45.
5. Babiloni, F., Babiloni, C., Carducci, F., Fattorini, L., Onorati, P. and Urbano, A. Spline Laplacian estimate of EEG potentials over a realistic magnetic resonance-constructed scalp surface model. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1996, 98: 363-373.
6. Bendat, J.S. and Piersol, A.G. Random Data. Analysis and Measurement Procedures, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, 1986.
7. Biggins, C.A., Fein, G., Ratz, J. and Amir, A. Artifactually high coherence results from using spherical spline computation of scalp current density. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1991, 79: 413-419.
8. Biggins, C.A., Ezekiel, F. and Fein, G. Spline computation of scalp current density and coherence: a reply to Perrin. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1992, 83: 172-174.
9. Blinowska, K.J., Kaminski, M. and Szelenberger, W. Coherence and EEG activity propagation during sleep and wakefulness. Proceedings of the Third International Hans Berger Congress, Jena, Germany, 3-6 October, 1996.
10. Bullock, T.H., McClune, M.C., Achimowicz, J.Z., Iragui-Madoz, V.J., Duckrow, R.B. and Spencer, S.S. EEG coherence has structure in the millimeter domain: subdural and hippocampal recordings from epileptic patients. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1995a, 95: 161-177.
11. Bullock, T.H., McClune, M.C., Achimowicz, J.Z., Iragui-Madoz, V.J., Duckrow, R.B. and Spencer, S.S. Temporal fluctuations in coherence of brain waves. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995b, 92: 11568-11572.
12. Cooper, R., Winter, A.L., Crow, H.J. and Walter, W.G. Comparison of subcortical, cortical and scalp activity using chronically indwelling electrodes in man. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1965, 18: 217-228.
13. Cadusch, P.J., Breckon, W. and Silberstein, R.B. Spherical splines and the interpolation, deblurring and transformation of topographic EEG. Pan Pacific Workshop on Brain Electric and Magnetic Topography, Melbourne, 17-18 February, 1992.
14. de Munck, J.C., Vijn, P.C.M. and Lopes da Silva, F.H. A random dipole model for spontaneous activity. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 1992, 39: 791-804.
15. Essl, M. and Rappelsberger, P. Dependence of coherence using different recording techniques. Proceedings of the Third International Hans Berger Congress, Jena, Germany, 3-6 October, 1996.
16. Fein, G., Raz, J., Brown, F.F. and Merrin, E.L. Common reference coherence data are confounded by power and phase effects. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1988, 69: 581-584.
17. Florian, G. and Pfurtscheller, G. Changes of coherence during finger movement. Proceedings of the Third International Hans Berger Congress, Jena, Germany, 3-6 October, 1996.
18. Gevins, A.S. and Cutillo, B.A. Signals of cognition. In: F.H. Lopes da Silva (Ed.), Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986, pp. 335-381.
19. Gevins, A.S. and Cutillo, B.A. Neuroelectric measures of mind. In: P.L. Nunez, Neocortical Dynamics and Human EEG Rhythms. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995, pp. 304-338.
20. Gevins, A., Brickett, P., Reutter, B. and Desmond, J. Seeing through the skull: advanced EEGs use MRIs to accurately measure cortical activity from the scalp. Brain Topogr., 1991, 4: 125-131.
21. Gotman, J. Interhemispheric interactions in seizures of focal onset: data from human intracranial recordings. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1987, 67: 120-133.
22. Hjorth, B. An on line transformation of EEG scalp potentials into orthogonal source derivations. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1975, 39: 526-530.
23. Ingber, L. Statistical mechanics of multiple scales of neocortical interactions In: P.L. Nunez, Neocortical Dynamics and Human EEG Rhythms. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995, pp. 628-681.
24. Kaminski, M., Blinowska, K. and Szelenberger, W. Investigation of coherence structure and EEG activity propagation during sleep. Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 1995, 55: 213-219.
25. Katznelson, R.D. EEG recording, electrode placement and aspects of generator localization. In: P.L. Nunez, Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG. Oxford University Press, New York, 1981, pp. 176-213.
26. Katznelson, R.D. Deterministic and stochastic field theoretic models in the neurophysics of EEG. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at San Diego, 1982.
27. Koeda, T., Knyazeva, M., Njiokiktjien, C., Jonkman, E.J., De Sonneville, L. and Vildavsky, V. The EEG in acallosal children. Coherence values in the resting state: left hemisphere compensatory mechanism? Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1995, 95: 397-407.
28. Law, S.K., Nunez, P.L. and Wijesinghe, R.S. High resolution EEG using spline generated surface Laplacians on spherical and ellipsoidal surfaces. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 1993, 40: 145-153.
29. Le, J. and Gevins, A.S. Method to reduce blur distortion from EEGs using a realistic head model. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 1993, 40: 517-528.
30. Le, J., Vinod, M. and Gevins, A. Local estimate of surface Laplacian derivation on a realistically shaped scalp surface and its performance on noisy data. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1994, 92: 433-441.
31. Lieb, J.P., Hoque, K., Skomer, C.E. and Song, X.W. Inter-hemispheric propagation of human mesial temporal lobe seizures: a coherence/phase analysis. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1987, 67: 101-119.
32. Lopes da Silva, F.H., Vos, J.E., Mooibroek, J. and van Rotterdam, A. Partial coherence analysis of thalamic and cortical organization of rhythmic activity. In: G. Pfurtscheller, P. Busar, F.H. Lopes da Silva and H. Petsche (Eds.), Rhythmic EEG Activities and Cortical Functioning. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1980, pp. 33-59.
33. Marosi, E., Harmony, T., Sánchez, L., Becker, J., Bernal, J. and Reyes, A. Maturation of the coherence of EEG activity in normal and learning-disabled children. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1992, 83: 350-357.
34. Miller, G.A., Lutzenberger, W. and Elbert, T. The linked-reference issue in EEG and ERP recording. J. Psychophysiol., 1991, 5: 276-279.
35. Nielsen, T., Montplaisir, J. and Lassonde, M. Decreased interhemispheric EEG coherence during sleep in agenesis of the corpus callosum. Eur. Neurol., 1993, 33: 173-176.
36. Nunez, P.L. Wave-like properties of the alpha rhythm. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 1974, 21: 473-482.
37. Nunez, P.L. Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG. Oxford University Press, New York, 1981.
38. Nunez, P.L. Locating sources of the brain's electric and magnetic fields: some effects of inhomogeneity and multiple sources, with implications for the future. Human Factors and Organizational Systems Laboratory Technical Note 71-86-12, US Navy, San Diego, 1986.
39. Nunez, P.L. Spatial filtering and experimental strategies in EEG. In: D. Samson-Dollfus (Ed.), Functional Brain Imaging. Elsevier, Paris, 1988, pp. 196-209.
40. Nunez, P.L. Generation of human EEG by a combination of long and short range neocortical interactions. Brain Topogr., 1989, 1: 199-215.
41. Nunez, P.L. Physical principals and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying event related potentials. In: J. Rohnbaugh, R. Johnson, and R. Parasuraman (Eds.), Event-related Potentials of the Brain. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.
42. Nunez, P.L. Comments on the paper by Miller, Lutzenberger and Elbert. J. Psychophysiol., 1991, 5: 279-280.
43. Nunez, P.L. Neocortical Dynamics and Human EEG Rhythms. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
44. Nunez, P.L. and Pilgreen, K.L. The spline-Laplacian in clinical neurophysiology: a method to improve EEG spatial resolution. J. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1991, 8: 397-413.
45. Nunez, P.L., Pilgreen, K.L., Westdorp, A.F., Law, S.K. and Nelson, A.V. A visual study of surface potentials and Laplacians due to distributed neocortical sources: computer simulations and evoked potentials. Brain Topogr., 1991, 4: 151-168.
46. Nunez, P.L., Silberstein, R.B., Cadiush, P.J., Wijesinghe, R.S., Westdorp, A.F. and Srinivasan, R. A theoretical and experimental study of high resolution EEG based on surface Laplacians and cortical imaging. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1994, 90: 40-57.
47. Nunez, P.L., Silberstein, R.B., Carpentar, M.R., Srinivasan, R., Wijesinghe, R.S., Tucker, D.M., Cadusch, P.J. and Wu, X. EEG coherency. II: Comparisons of multiple measures of EEG coherency differences between resting and cognitive states, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1997, submitted for publication.
48. Pascual-Marqui, R.D. The spherical spline Laplacian does not produce artifactually high coherencies: comments on two articles by Biggins et al. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1993, 87: 62-64.
49. Pascual-Marqui, R.D., Gonzalez-Andino, S.L., Valdes-Sosa, P.A. and Biscay-Lirio, R. Current source density estimation and interpolation based on the spherical harmonic Fourier expansion. Int. J. Neurosci., 1988, 43: 237-249.
50. Perrin, F. Comments on article by Biggens et al. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1992, 83: 171-172.
51. Perrin, F., Bertrand, O. and Pernier, J. Scalp current density mapping: value and estimation from potential data. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 1987, 34: 283-287.
52. Perrin, F., Pernier, J., Bertrand, O. and Echallier, J.F. Spherical spline for potential and current density mapping. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1989, 72: 184-187.
53. Petsche, H., Richter, P., Stein, A.V., Ethlinger S.C. and Filz, O. EEG coherence and musical thinking. Music Percept., 1993, 11: 117-152.
54. Pfurtscheller, G. and Cooper, R. Frequency dependence of the transmission of the EEG from cortex to scalp. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 1975, 38: 93-96.
55. Pfurtscheller, G. and Berghold, A. Pattern of cortical activation during planning of voluntary movement. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol, 1989, 72: 250-258.
56. Pfurtscheller, G. and Neuper, C. Simultaneous EEG 10 Hz desynchronization and 40 Hz synchronization during finger movements. Neurol. Rep., 1992, 3: 1057-1060.
57. Pfurtscheller, G., Neuper, C. and Berger, J. Source localization using event-related desynchronization (ERD) within the alpha band. Brain Topogr., 1994, 6: 269-275.
58. Pilgreen, K.L. Physiologic, medical, and cognitive correlates of electroencephalography. In: P.L. Nunez, Neocortical Dynamics and Human EEG Rhythms. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995, pp. 195-248.
59. Rappelsberger, P. and Petsche, H. Probability mapping: power and coherence analyses of cognitive processes. Brain Topogr., 1988, 1: 46-54.
60. Rush, S. and Driscoll, D.A. EEG electrode sensitivity: an application of reciprocity. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 1969, 16: 15-22.
61. Schack, B. and Krause, W. Dynamic power and coherence analysis of ultra short-term cognitive processes - a methodical study. Brain Topogr., 1995, 8: 127-136.
62. Schack, B., Haueisen, J., Krause, W., Grieszbach, G., Nowak, H. and Witte, H. Simultaneous EEG and MEG analysis of short-term cognitive processes. Proceedings of the Third International Hans Berger Congress, Jena, Germany, 3-6 October, 1996.
63. Shaw, G.R. Spherical harmonic analysis of the electroencephalogram. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Alberta, 1991.
64. Sidman, R.D. A method for simulating intracerebral potential fields. The cortical imaging technique. J. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1991, 8: 432-441.
65. Srinivasan, R. A theoretical and experimental study of neocortical dynamics. Ph.D. Dissertation, Tulane University, 1995.
66. Srinivasan, R., Nunez, P.L., Tucker, D.M., Silberstein, R.B. and Cadusch, P.J. Spatial sampling and filtering of EEG with spline Laplacians to estimate cortical potentials. Brain Topogr., 1996, 8: 1-12.
67. Srinivasan, R., Nunez, P.L. and Silberstein, R.B. Spatial filtering and neocortical dynamics: estimates of EEG coherence. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 1997, submitted for publication.
68. Thatcher, R.W. and Walker, R.A. EEG coherence and intelligence in children. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1985, 61: 481-508.
69. Thatcher, R.W., Krause, P.J. and Hrybyk, M. Cortico-cortical associations and EEG coherence: a two-compartmental model. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1986, 64: 123-143.
70. Tucker, D.M., Dawson, S.L., Roth, D.L. and Penland, J.G. Regional changes in EEG power and coherence during cognition: intensive study of two individuals. Behav. Neurosci., 1985, 99: 564-577.
71. van Rotterdam, A., Lopes da Silva, F.H., van den Ende, J., Viergever, M.A. and Hermans, A.J. Model of the spatial-temporal characteristics of the alpha rhythm. Bull. Math. Biol., 1982, 44: 283-305.