The case for universal screening of private well water quality in the U.S. and testing requirements to achieve it: Evidence from arsenic

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 125, Issue 8, 2017, Pages

  Zheng, Yan ^a,b,c   Flanagan, Sara V ^b,c  

^a SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b International Research Institute for Climate and Society   (United States)

^c CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC; WELL WATER; WATER POLLUTANT;

ARTICLE; HUMAN; LUNG CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED STATES; WATER QUALITY; ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PUBLIC HEALTH; STANDARDS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; WATER POLLUTANT; WATER POLLUTION; WATER SUPPLY;

ARSENIC; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; PUBLIC HEALTH; UNITED STATES; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER POLLUTION; WATER SUPPLY; WATER WELLS;

EID: 85031709894     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/EHP629     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics). 2009. Policy statement: drinking water from private wells and risks to children. Pediatrics 123:e1123-e1137.
2. Carlin DJ, Naujokas MF, Bradham KD, Cowden J, Heacock M, Henry HF, et al. 2015. Arsenic and environmental health: state of the science and future research opportunities. Environ Health Perspect 124(7):890-899, https://doi.org/ 10.1289/ehp.1510209.
3. Chappells H, Campbell N, Drage J, Fernandez CV, Parker L, Dummer TJ. 2015. Understanding the translation of scientific knowledge about arsenic risk exposure among private well water users in Nova Scotia. Sci Total Environ 505:1259-1273, PMID: 24444512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2013.12.108.
4. Christen K. 2004. New Jersey proposes toughest arsenic standard worldwide. Environ Sci Technol 38:105A, https://doi.org/10.1021/es040419f.
5. Flanagan SV, Marvinney RG, Johnston RA, Yang Q, Zheng Y. 2015a. Dissemination of well water arsenic results to homeowners in Central Maine: influences on mitigation behavior and continued risks for exposure. Sci Total Environ 505:1282-1290, PMID: 24726512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.079.
6. Flanagan SV, Marvinney RG, Zheng Y. 2015b. Influences on domestic well water testing behavior in a Central Maine area with frequent groundwater arsenic occurrence. Sci Total Environ 505:1274-1281, PMID: 24875279, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.017.
7. Flanagan SV, Spayd S, Procopio N, Chillrud SN, Braman S, Zheng Y. 2016a. Arsenic in private well water part 1 of 3: impact of the New Jersey Private Well Testing Act on household testing and mitigation behaviors. Sci Total Environ 562:999-1009, PMID: 27118151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.196.
8. Flanagan SV, Spayd SE, Procopio NA, Chillrud SN, Ross J, Braman S, et al. 2016b. Arsenic in private well waterpart2of 3: who benefitsmostfromtraditional testing promotion? Sci Total Environ 562:1010-1018, PMID: 27142115, https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.199.
9. Flanagan SV, Spayd SE, Procopio NA, Marvinney RG, Smith AE, Chillrud SN, et al. 2016c. Arsenic in private well water part 3 of 3: socioeconomic vulnerability to exposure in Maine and New Jersey. Sci Total Environ 562:1019-1030, PMID: 27118035, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.217.
10. Focazio MJ, Tipton D, Dunkle Shapiro S, Geiger LH. 2006. The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States. Ground Water Monit Remediat 26:92-104, https://doi.org/10.111Vj.1745-6592.2006.00089x
11. Gronberg JAM. 2011. Map of Arsenic Concentrations in Groundwater of the United States, 2nd ed. Reston, VA:U.S. Geological Survey.
12. Maupin MA, Kenny JF, Hutson SS, Lovelace JK, Barber NL, Linsey KS. 2014. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2010. Reston, VA:U.S. Geological Survey.
13. NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Arsenic in Drinking Water 2001 Update. Washington, DC:National Academies Press.
14. NRC. 2014. Critical Aspects of EPA‘s IRIS Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic: Interim Report. Washington, DC:National Academies Press.
15. Renaud J, Gagnon F, Michaud C, Boivin S. 2011. Evaluation of the effectiveness of arsenic screening promotion in private wells: a quasi-experimental study. Health Promot Int 26(4):465-475, PMID: 21393299, https://doi.org/10.1093/ heapro/dar013.
16. Rice DC, Lincoln R, Martha J, Parker L, Pote K, Xing S, et al. 2010. Concentration of metals in blood of Maine children 1-6 years old. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 20:634-643, https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2010.42.
17. Schultz A, Malecki K. 2015. Reducing human health risks from groundwater: estimating private well testing behaviors and water use among private well owners in Wisconsin. Report to the Groundwater Coordinating Council. Department of Natural Resources Grant #221. October 15,2015.
18. Severtson DJ, Baumann LC, Brown RL. 2006. Applying a health behavior theory to explore the influence of information and experience on arsenic risk representations, policy beliefs, and protective behavior. Risk Anal 26(2):353-368, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00737.x.
19. Severtson D, Baumann L, Shepard R. 2004. A utilization-focused and theory-based evaluation of an arsenic well testing program. In: Proceedings of the Best Education Practices (BEPs) Symposium for Water Outreach Professionals: Defining BEPs, Refining New Resources and Recommending Future Actions. 2-4
20. June 2004 Symposium. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin, 269.
21. Shaw WD, Walker M, Benson M. 2005. Treating and drinking well water in the presence of health risks from arsenic contamination: results from a U.S. hot spot. Risk Anal 25(6):1531-1543, https://doi.org/10.111Vj.1539-6924.2005. 00698.x.
22. Smith AE, Lincoln RA, Paulu C, Simones TL, Caldwell KL, Jones RL, et al. 2016. Assessing arsenic exposure in households using bottled water or point-of-use treatment systems to mitigate well water contamination. Sci Total Environ 544:701-710, PMID: 26674699, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.136.
23. Spayd SE, Robson MG, Buckley BT. 2015. Whole-house arsenic water treatment provided more effective arsenic exposure reduction than point-of-use water treatment at New Jersey homes with arsenic in well water. Sci Total Environ 505:1361-1369, PMID: 24975493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014. 06.026.
24. U.S. Census Bureau. 2015. 2013 Housing Profile: United States AHS/13-1. (American Housing Survey Factsheets). Washington, DC:U.S. Census Bureau.
25. U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Summary of the Safe Drinking Water Act. 1974. https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-safe-drinking- water-act [accessed 31 May 2017].
26. U.S. Geological Survey. 2015. USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NWQA).
27. http://cida.usgs.gov/nawqa_queries_public/jsp/gwmaster.jsp [accessed 28 October 2015].
28. Walker M, Seiler RL, Meinert M. 2008. Effectiveness of household reverse-osmosis systems in a Western U.S. region with high arsenic in groundwater. Sci Total Environ 389:245-252, PMID: 17919687, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08. 061.
29. Wasserman G, Liu X, Loiacono NJ, Kline J, Factor-Litvak P, van Geen A, et al. 2014. A cross-sectional study of well water arsenic and child IQ in Maine schoolchildren. Environ Health 13:23, https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-23.
30. Weinstein ND, Klotz ML, Sandman PM. 1988. Optimistic biases in public perceptions of the risk from radon. Am J Public Health 78(7):796-800, PMID: 3381955.
31. Zheng Y, Ayotte JD. 2015. At the crossroads: hazard assessment and reduction of health risks from arsenic in private well waters of the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada. Sci Total Environ 505:1237-1247, PMID: 25466685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.089.