Physical Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Children with Repaired Congenital Heart Disease Compared with Healthy Children

Journal of Pediatrics

Volumn 191, Issue , 2017, Pages 125-132

  Zaqout, Mahmoud ^a,b   Vandekerckhove, Kristof ^a   Michels, Nathalie ^b   Bove, Thierry ^a   François, Katrien ^a   De Wolf, Daniel ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

^b GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

blood pressure; congenital heart disease; insulin; lipids; metabolic syndrome; physical fitness; surgery; waist

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ADOLESCENT; AORTIC COARCTATION; AORTOPULMONARY SHUNT; ARTICLE; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; BODY MASS; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; CHILD; CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FALLOT TETRALOGY; FEMALE; FITNESS; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; GREAT VESSELS TRANSPOSITION; HEART SURGERY; HEART VENTRICLE SEPTUM DEFECT; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF REPORT; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; VELOCITY; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; ACCELEROMETRY; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COMPLICATION; CONGENITAL HEART MALFORMATION; EXERCISE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL MODEL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ACCELEROMETRY; ADOLESCENT; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PHYSICAL FITNESS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RISK FACTORS; SELF REPORT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 85030771971     PISSN: 00223476     EISSN: 10976833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.058     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Khairy, P., Ionescu-Ittu, R., Mackie, A.S., Abrahamowicz, M., Pilote, L., Marelli, A.J., Changing mortality in congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 56 (2010), 1149–1157.
2. Ortega, F.B., Ruiz, J.R., Castillo, M.J., Sjostrom, M., Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes (Lond) 32 (2008), 1–11.
3. Blair, S.N., Kohl, H.W. 3rd, Paffenbarger, R.S. Jr, Clark, D.G., Cooper, K.H., Gibbons, L.W., Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA 262 (1989), 2395–2401.
4. Zaqout, M., Michels, N., Bammann, K., Ahrens, W., Sprengeler, O., Molnar, D., et al. Influence of physical fitness on cardio-metabolic risk factors in European children. The IDEFICS study. Int J Obes (Lond) 40 (2016), 1119–1125.
5. Telama, R., Tracking of physical activity from childhood to adulthood: a review. Obes Facts 2 (2009), 187–195.
6. Bugge, A., El-Naaman, B., McMurray, R.G., Froberg, K., Andersen, L.B., Tracking of clustered cardiovascular disease risk factors from childhood to adolescence. Pediatr Res 73 (2013), 245–249.
7. Stefan, M.A., Hopman, W.M., Smythe, J.F., Effect of activity restriction owing to heart disease on obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 159 (2005), 477–481.
8. Moola, F., Faulkner, G.E., Kirsh, J.A., Kilburn, J., Physical activity and sport participation in youth with congenital heart disease: perceptions of children and parents. Adapt Phys Activ Q 25 (2008), 49–70.
9. Rosenblum, O., Katz, U., Reuveny, R., Williams, C.A., Dubnov-Raz, G., Exercise performance in children and young adults after complete and incomplete repair of congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol 36 (2015), 1573–1581.
10. Reybrouck, T., Mertens, L., Physical performance and physical activity in grown-up congenital heart disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 12 (2005), 498–502.
11. Massin, M.M., Hövels-Gürich, H.H., Gérard, P., Seghaye, M.-C., Physical activity patterns of children after neonatal arterial switch operation. Ann Thorac Surg 81 (2006), 665–670.
12. Barbiero, S.M., Sica, C.D.A., Schuh, D.S., Cesa, C.C., de Oliveira Petkowicz, R., Pellanda, L.C., Overweight and obesity in children with congenital heart disease: combination of risks for the future?. BMC Pediatr, 14, 2014, 271.
13. Pinto, N.M., Marino, B.S., Wernovsky, G., de Ferranti, S.D., Walsh, A.Z., Laronde, M., et al. Obesity is a common comorbidity in children with congenital and acquired heart disease. Pediatrics 120 (2007), E1157–64.
14. Shustak, R.J., McGuire, S.B., October, T.W., Phoon, C.K.L., Chun, A.J.L., Prevalence of obesity among patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol 33 (2012), 8–14.
15. Chung, S.T., Hong, B., Patterson, L., Petit, C.J., Ham, J.N., High overweight and obesity in Fontan patients: a 20-year history. Pediatr Cardiol 37 (2016), 192–200.
16. Rhodes, J., Curran, T.J., Camil, L., Rabideau, N., Fulton, D.R., Gauthier, N.S., et al. Sustained effects of cardiac rehabilitation in children with serious congenital heart disease. Pediatrics 118 (2006), e586–93.
17. Duppen, N., Takken, T., Hopman, M.T., ten Harkel, A.D., Dulfer, K., Utens, E.M., et al. Systematic review of the effects of physical exercise training programmes in children and young adults with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 168 (2013), 1779–1787.
18. O'Byrne, M.L., Mercer-Rosa, L., Ingall, E., McBride, M.G., Paridon, S., Goldmuntz, E., Habitual exercise correlates with exercise performance in patients with conotruncal abnormalities. Pediatr Cardiol 34 (2013), 853–860.
19. Jacobsen, R.M., Ginde, S., Mussatto, K., Neubauer, J., Earing, M., Danduran, M., Can a home-based cardiac physical activity program improve the physical function quality of life in children with Fontan circulation?. Congenit Heart Dis 11 (2016), 175–182.
20. Dean, P.N., Gillespie, C.W., Greene, E.A., Pearson, G.D., Robb, A.S., Berul, C.I., et al. Sports participation and quality of life in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis 10 (2015), 169–179.
21. Morrison, M.L., Sands, A.J., McCusker, C.G., McKeown, P.P., McMahon, M., Gordon, J., et al. Exercise training improves activity in adolescents with congenital heart disease. Heart 99 (2013), 1122–1128.
22. Jortveit, J., Eskedal, L., Hirth, A., Fomina, T., Døhlen, G., Hagemo, P., et al. Sudden unexpected death in children with congenital heart defects. Eur Heart J 37 (2015), 621–626.
23. Sutherland, N., Jones, B., d'Udekem, Y., Should we recommend exercise after the fontan procedure?. Heart Lung Circ 24 (2015), 753–768.
24. Takken, T., Giardini, A., Reybrouck, T., Gewillig, M., Hövels-Gürich, H., Longmuir, P., et al. Recommendations for physical activity, recreation sport, and exercise training in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease: a report from the Exercise, Basic & Translational Research Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the European Congenital Heart and Lung Exercise Group, and the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol 19 (2012), 1034–1065.
25. Budts, W., Börjesson, M., Chessa, M., Van Buuren, F., Trindade, P.T., Corrado, D., et al. Physical activity in adolescents and adults with congenital heart defects: individualized exercise prescription. Eur Heart J 34 (2013), 3669–3674.
26. Longmuir, P.E., Brothers, J.A., de Ferranti, S.D., Hayman, L.L., Van Hare, G.F., Matherne, G.P., et al. Promotion of physical activity for children and adults with congenital heart disease. Circulation 127 (2013), 2147–2159.
27. Moons, P., Sluysmans, T., De Wolf, D., Massin, M., Suys, B., Benatar, A., et al. Congenital heart disease in 111 225 births in Belgium: birth prevalence, treatment and survival in the 21st century. Acta Paediatr 98 (2009), 472–477.
28. Ahrens, W., Bammann, K., De Henauw, S., Halford, J., Palou, A., Pigeot, I., et al. Understanding and preventing childhood obesity and related disorders—IDEFICS: a European multilevel epidemiological approach. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 16 (2006), 302–308.
29. Ahrens, W., Bammann, K., Siani, A., Buchecker, K., De Henauw, S., Iacoviello, L., et al. The IDEFICS cohort: design, characteristics and participation in the baseline survey. Int J Obes (Lond) 35:suppl 1 (2011), S3–15.
30. Ruiz, J.R., Castro-Piñero, J., Artero, E.G., Ortega, F.B., Sjöström, M., Suni, J., et al. Predictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 43 (2009), 909–923.
31. Ruiz, J.R., Castro-Piñero, J., España-Romero, V., Artero, E.G., Ortega, F.B., Cuenca, M.M., et al. Field-based fitness assessment in young people: the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. Br J Sports Med 45 (2011), 518–524.
32. Artero, E.G., Espana-Romero, V., Castro-Pinero, J., Ortega, F.B., Suni, J., Castillo-Garzon, M.J., et al. Reliability of field-based fitness tests in youth. Int J Sports Med 32 (2011), 159–169.
33. Council of Europe. Committee for the Development of Sport, Eurofit: handbook for the EUROFIT tests of physical fitness. 1988, Council of Europe, Committee for the Development of Sport, Strasbourg.
34. Zaqout, M., Vyncke, K., Moreno, L.A., De Miguel-Etayo, P., Lauria, F., Molnar, D., et al. Determinant factors of physical fitness in European children. Int J Public Health 61 (2016), 573–582.
35. Leger, L.A., Mercier, D., Gadoury, C., Lambert, J., The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J Sports Sci 6 (1988), 93–101.
36. Espana-Romero, V., Artero, E.G., Santaliestra-Pasias, A.M., Gutierrez, A., Castillo, M.J., Ruiz, J.R., Hand span influences optimal grip span in boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years. J Hand Surg Am 33a (2008), 378–384.
37. Castro-Pinero, J., Ortega, F.B., Artero, E.G., Girela-Rejon, M.J., Mora, J., Sjostrom, M., et al. Assessing muscular strength in youth: usefulness of standing long jump as a general index of muscular fitness. J Strength Cond Res 24 (2010), 1810–1817.
38. Ahrens, W., Moreno, L.A., Marild, S., Molnar, D., Siani, A., De Henauw, S., et al. Metabolic syndrome in young children: definitions and results of the IDEFICS study. Int J Obes (Lond) 38:suppl 2 (2014), S4–14.
39. Matthews, D.R., Hosker, J.P., Rudenski, A.S., Naylor, B.A., Treacher, D.F., Turner, R.C., Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28 (1985), 412–419.
40. Suling, M., Hebestreit, A., Peplies, J., Bammann, K., Nappo, A., Eiben, G., et al. Design and results of the pretest of the IDEFICS study. Int J Obes (Lond) 35:suppl 1 (2011), S30–44.
41. Cole, T.J., Lobstein, T., Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity. Pediatr Obes 7 (2012), 284–294.
42. Kowalski, K.C., Crocker, P.R., Donen, R.M., The physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) manual, 87, 2004, College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 1–38.
43. Kowalski, K.C., Crocker, P.R., Faulkner, R.A., Validation of the physical activity questionnaire for older children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 9 (1997), 174–186.
44. Ojiambo, R., Cuthill, R., Budd, H., Konstabel, K., Casajús, J.A., González-Agüero, A., et al. Impact of methodological decisions on accelerometer outcome variables in young children. Int J Obes 35 (2011), S98–103.
45. Evenson, K.R., Catellier, D.J., Gill, K., Ondrak, K.S., McMurray, R.G., Calibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children. J Sports Sci 26 (2008), 1557–1565.
46. Lang, R.M., Bierig, M., Devereux, R.B., Flachskampf, F.A., Foster, E., Pellikka, P.A., et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imag 7 (2006), 79–108.
47. Nishimura, R.A., Otto, C.M., Bonow, R.O., Carabello, B.A., Erwin, J.P., Guyton, R.A., et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. Circulation 129 (2014), e521–643.
48. Pettersen, M.D., Du, W., Skeens, M.E., Humes, R.A., Regression equations for calculation of z scores of cardiac structures in a large cohort of healthy infants, children, and adolescents: an echocardiographic study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21 (2008), 922–934.
49. Vandekerckhove, K., Coomans, I., De Bruyne, E., De Groote, K., Panzer, J., De Wolf, D., et al. Evaluation of exercise performance, cardiac function, and quality of life in children after liver transplantation. Transplantation 100 (2016), 1525–1531.
50. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, How much physical activity do children need?. 2011, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
51. Arvidsson, D., Slinde, F., Hulthen, L., Sunnegårdh, J., Physical activity, sports participation and aerobic fitness in children who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects. Acta Paediatr 98 (2009), 1475–1482.
52. Norozi, K., Gravenhorst, V., Hobbiebrunken, E., Wessel, A., Normality of cardiopulmonary capacity in children operated on to correct congenital heart defects. Archiv Pediatr Adolesc Med 159 (2005), 1063–1068.
53. Giardini, A., Khambadkone, S., Rizzo, N., Riley, G., Napoleone, C.P., Muthialu, N., et al. Determinants of exercise capacity after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol 104 (2009), 1007–1012.
54. Eyskens, B., Reybrouck, T., Bogaert, J., Dymarkowsky, S., Daenen, W., Dumoulin, M., et al. Homograft insertion for pulmonary regurgitation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot improves cardiorespiratory exercise performance. Am J Cardiol 85 (2000), 221–225.
55. Duppen, N., Etnel, J.R., Spaans, L., Takken, T., Van Den Berg-Emons, R.J., Boersma, E., et al. Does exercise training improve cardiopulmonary fitness and daily physical activity in children and young adults with corrected tetralogy of Fallot or Fontan circulation? A randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 170 (2015), 606–614.
56. Rhodes, J., Curran, T.J., Camil, L., Rabideau, N., Fulton, D.R., Gauthier, N.S., et al. Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on the exercise function of children with serious congenital heart disease. Pediatrics 116 (2005), 1339–1345.
57. Janssen, I., Cramp, W.C., Cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly related to the metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Diabetes Care 30 (2007), 2143–2144.
58. Andersen, L.B., Hasselstrøm, H., Grønfeldt, V., Hansen, S.E., Karsten, F., The relationship between physical fitness and clustered risk, and tracking of clustered risk from adolescence to young adulthood: eight years follow-up in the Danish Youth and Sport Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 1, 2004, 6.
59. Holm, I., Fredriksen, P.M., Fosdahl, M.A., Olstad, M., Vøllestad, N., Impaired motor competence in school-aged children with complex congenital heart disease. Archiv Pediatr Adolesc Med 161 (2007), 945–950.
60. Malina, R.M., Bouchard, C., Bar-Or, O., Growth, maturation, and physical activity. 2004, Human Kinetics, Champaign (IL).
61. Mahle, W.T., Neurologic and cognitive outcomes in children with congenital heart disease. Curr Opin Pediatr 13 (2001), 482–486.
62. Deen, J.F., Krieger, E.V., Slee, A.E., Arslan, A., Arterburn, D., Stout, K.K., et al. Metabolic syndrome in adults with congenital heart disease. J Am Heart Assoc, 5, 2016, e001132.