The Social Context of Adolescent Co-Use of Cigarillos and Marijuana Blunts

Substance Use and Misuse

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2018, Pages 654-661

  Antognoli, Elizabeth ^a   Koopman Gonzalez, Sarah ^b   Trapl, Erika ^b   Cavallo, David ^b   Lim, Rock ^a   Lavanty, Brittany ^a   Flocke, Susan ^a,b  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescents; blunts; cigarillos; little cigars; marijuana; smoking; youth

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CANNABIS SMOKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PSYCHOLOGY; SMOKING; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; TOBACCO;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; MALE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; SMOKING; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; TOBACCO PRODUCTS;

EID: 85029703440     PISSN: 10826084     EISSN: 15322491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1355388     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Agrawal, A., Budney, A. J., & Lynskey, M. T., (2012). The co-occurring use and misuse of cannabis and tobacco: A review. Addiction, 107(7), 1221–1233.
2. Antognoli, E., Cavallo, D., Trapl, E., Step, M., Gonzalez, S. K., Perez, R., & Flocke, S., (2017). Understanding nicotine dependence and addiction among young adults. Nicotine & Tabacco Research, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx008
3. Arrazola, R. A., Singh, T., Corey, C. G., Husten, C. G., Neff, L. J., Apelberg, B. J., & Caraballo, R. S., (2015). Tobacco use among middle and high school students — United States, 2011-2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(14), 381–385.
4. Blank, M. D., Nasim, A., Hart, A., & Eissenberg, T., (2011). Acute effects of cigarillo smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 13(9), 874–879.
5. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Consumption of cigarettes and combustible tobacco–United States, 2000-2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 61(30), 565–580.
6. Cohn, A., Johnson, A., Ehlke, S., & Villanti, A. C., (2016). Characterizing substance use and mental health profiles of cigar, blunt, and non-blunt marijuana users from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 160, 105–111.
7. Cohn, A., Villanti, A., Richardson, A., Rath, J. M., Williams, V., Stanton, C., & Mermelstein, R., (2015). The association between alcohol, marijuana use, and new and emerging tobacco products in a young adult population. Addictive Behaviors, 48, 79–88.
8. Creswell, John W., et al. (2011). Best practices for mixed methods research in the health sciences. 2094–2103. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institutes of Health.
9. Delnevo, C. D., (2006). Smokers’ choice: What explains the steady growth of cigar use in the U.S.? Public Health Reports, 121(2), 116–119.
10. Delnevo, C. D., Bover-Manderski, M. T., & Hrywna, M., (2011). Cigar, marijuana, and blunt use among US adolescents: Are we accurately estimating the prevalence of cigar smoking among youth? Preventive Medicine, 52(6), 475–476.
11. Dickinson, D. M., Johnson, S. E., Coleman, B. N., Tworek, C., Tessman, G. K., & Alexander, J., (2016). The language of cigar use: Focus group findings on cigar product terminology. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(5), 850–856.
12. Dunlap, E., Benoit, E., Sifaneck, S. J., & Johnson, B. D., (2006). Social constructions of dependency by blunts smokers: Qualitative reports. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 17(3), 171–182.
13. Giovenco, D., Miller Lo, E., Lewis, J., & Delnevo, C., (2016). “They're pretty much made for blunts”: Product features that facilitate marijuana use among young adult cigarillo users in the United States. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw182
14. Golub, A., Johnson, B. D., & Dunlap, E., (2005). The growth in marijuana use among American youths during the 1990s and the extent of blunt smoking. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 4(3–4), 1–21.
15. Gray, K. M., Riggs, P. D., Min, S.-J., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S., Bandyopadhyay, D., & Winhusen, T., (2011). Cigarette and cannabis use trajectories among adolescents in treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 117(2–3), 242–247.
16. Kann, L., McManus, T., Harris, W., Shanklin, S., Flint, K., Hawkins, J., & Queen, B., (2016). Youth risk behavior surveillance, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 65(6), 180.
17. Kennedy, S. M., Patel, R. P., Cheh, P., Hsia, J., & Rolle, I. V., (2016). Tobacco and marijuana initiation among African American and white young adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18, S57–S64.
18. Koopman Gonzalez, S. J., Cofie, L. E., & Trapl, E. S., (2015). “I just use it for weed”: The modification of little cigars and cigarillos by young adult African American male users. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 7, 1–14.
19. Montgomery, L., & Oluwoye, O., (2016). The truth about marijuana is all rolled up in a blunt: Prevalence and predictors of blunt use among young African–American adults. Journal of Substance Use, 21(4), 374–380.
20. Montgomery, T., & Bagot, K., (2016). Let's be blunt: Consumption methods matter among black marijuana smokers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77(3), 451–456.
21. O'Loughlin, J., Kishchuk, N., DiFranza, J., Tremblay, M., & Paradis, G., (2002). The hardest thing is the habit: A qualitative investigation of adolescent smokers’ experience of nicotine dependence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 4(2), 201–209. Retrieved from
22. Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods at Case Western Reserve University. (2015). 2015 Cuyahoga county youth risk behavior survey: Overall prevalence. Cleveland, OH. Retrieved from https://filecabinet.eschoolview.com/C40D9087-4DD3-4B32-B127-09EE6162B0E7/YRBSData/OverallPrevalenceCounty.pdf
23. QSR International Pty Ltd. (2015). NVivo Qualitative Analysis Software. Version 11.
24. Ramo, D. E., Liu, H., & Prochaska, J. J., (2012). Tobacco and marijuana use among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review of their co-use. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(2), 105–121.
25. Rolle, I. V., Kennedy, S. M., Agaku, I., Jones, S. E., Bunnell, R., Caraballo, R., … Since. (2015). Cigarette, cigar, and marijuana use among high school student—United States, 1997–2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(40), 1136–1141.
26. Schauer, G. L., Berg, C. J., Kegler, M. C., Donovan, D. M., & Windle, M., (2015). Assessing the overlap between tobacco and marijuana: Trends in patterns of co-use of tobacco and marijuana in adults from 2003–2012. Addictive Behaviors, 49, 26–32.
27. Schauer, G. L., Rosenberry, Z. R., & Peters, E. N., (2017). Marijuana and tobacco co-administration in blunts, spliffs, and mulled cigarettes: A systematic literature review. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 200–211.
28. Sifaneck, S. J., Johnson, B. D., & Dunlap, E., (2005). Cigars-for-blunts: Choice of tobacco products by blunt smokers. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 4(3–4), 23–42.
29. Singh, T., Arrazola, R. A., Corey, C. G., Husten, C. G., Neff, L. J., Homa, D.,—King, B. A., (2016). Tobacco use among middle and high school students—United States, 2011-2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65(14), 360–367.
30. Stapleton, J. a, Keaney, F., & Sutherland, G., (2009). Illicit drug use as a predictor of smoking cessation treatment outcome. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11(6), 685–689.
31. Stephens, M., Ogunsanya, M. E., Ford, K. H., Bamgbade, B. A., & Liang, M.-C. C., (2015). Little cigar and cigarillo beliefs and behaviors among African-American young adults. American Journal of Health Behavior, 39(4), 519–528.
32. Sterling, K. L., Fryer, C. S., & Fagan, P., (2015). The most natural tobacco used: A qualitative investigation of young adult smokers’ risk perceptions of flavored little cigars and cigarillos. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(5), 827–833.
33. Sterling, K. L., Fryer, C. S., & Nix, M., (2015). Appeal and impact of characterizing flavors on young adult small cigar use. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 1(1), 42–53.
34. Stoltz, A. D., & Sanders, B. D., (2000). Cigar and marijuana use: Their relationship in teens. The Journal of School Nursing, 16(4), 28–35. Retrieved from
35. Timberlake, D. S., (2009). A comparison of drug use and dependence between blunt smokers and other cannabis users. Substance Use & Misuse, 44(3), 401–415. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212929
36. Trapl, E. S., Koopman Gonzalez, S. J., Cofie, L., Yoder, L. D., Frank, J., & Sterling, K. L., (2016a). Cigar product modification among high school youth. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, ntw328. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw328
37. Trapl, E., O'Rourke-Suchoff, D., Yoder, L., Cofie, L., Frank, J., & Fryer, C., (2016b). Youth acquisition and situational use of cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars: A cross-sectional study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 52(1), e9–e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.011
38. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Surgeon General. (2014). The health consequences of smoking - 50 sources of progress: A report of the surgeon general. Retrieved January 25, 2017, from Retrieved from https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-sources-of-progress/index.html