Unpacking Rumination and Executive Control: A Network Perspective

Clinical Psychological Science

Volumn 5, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 816-826

  Bernstein, Emily E ^a   Heeren, Alexandre ^a   McNally, Richard J ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

directed acyclic graph; emotion regulation; executive control; network analysis; relative importance; rumination

Indexed keywords

EID: 85029512978     PISSN: 21677026     EISSN: 21677034     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2167702617702717     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Adams R., (1999). Revised Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire. Canadian Family Physician/Médecin de Famille Canadien, 45, 992, 995, 1004–1005.
2. Beckwé M., Deroost N., Koster E. H. W., De Lissnyder E., De Raedt R., (2014). Worrying and rumination are both associated with reduced cognitive control. Psychological Research, 78, 651–660. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-013-0517-5
3. Bernstein E. E., McNally R. J., (2017). Acute aerobic exercise hastens emotional recovery from a subsequent stressor. Health Psychology. Advance online publication.
4. Boccaletti S., Latora V., Moreno Y., Chavez M., Hwang D. U., (2006). Complex networks: Structure and dynamics. Physics Reports, 424, 175–308.
5. Borsboom D., Cramer A. O., (2013). Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91–121.
6. Borsboom D., Cramer A. O. J., Schmittmann V. D., Epskamp S., Waldorp L. J., (2011). The small world of psychopathology. PLoS ONE, 6(11), e27407. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027407
7. Bradley M. M., Lang P. J., Cuthbert B. N., (1999). Affective norms for English words. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention.
8. Bryant F., (2003). Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI): A scale for measuring beliefs about savouring. Journal of Mental Health, 12, 175–196. http://doi.org/10.1080/0963823031000103489
9. Chuen Yee Lo B., Lau S., Cheung S., Allen N. B. (2012). The impact of rumination on internal attention switching. Cognition & Emotion, 26, 209–223. http://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.574997
10. Costantini G., Epskamp S., Borsboom D., Perugini M., Mõttus R., Waldorp L. J., Cramer A. O. J., (2015). State of the aRt personality research: A tutorial on network analysis of personality data in R. Journal of Research in Personality, 54, 13–29. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.003
11. Curci A., Lanciano T., Soleti E., Rimé B., (2013). Negative emotional experiences arouse rumination and affect working memory capacity. Emotion, 13, 867–880. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0032492
12. Davis R. N., Nolen-Hoeksema S., (2000). Cognitive inflexibility among ruminators and nonruminators. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 699–711. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005591412406
13. De Lissnyder E., Koster E. H. W., Goubert L., Onraedt T., Vanderhasselt M.-A., De Raedt R. (2012). Cognitive control moderates the association between stress and rumination. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43, 519–525. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.07.004
14. Diamond A., (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135–168. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
15. Donaldson C., Lam D., Mathews A., (2007). Rumination and attention in major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2664–2678. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.07.002
16. Epskamp S., Cramer A. O. J., Waldorp L. J., Schmittmann V. D., Borsboom D., (2012). Qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(4), 1–18. http://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i04
17. Epskamp S., Fried E. I., (2016). A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.01367.
18. Foygel R., Drton M., (2011). Bayesian model choice and information criteria in sparse generalized linear models. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.5635
19. Freeman L. C., (1978). Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1, 215–239. http://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8733(78)90021-7
20. Friedman J., Hastie T., Tibshirani R., (2011). Glasso: Graphical lasso-estimation of Gaussian graphical models. [Computer software]. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
21. Fruchterman T., Reingold E., (1991). Graph drawing by force directed placement. Software: Practice and Experience, 21, 1129–1164. http://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380211102
22. Garavan H., (1998). Serial attention within working memory. Memory & Cognition, 26, 263–276. http://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201138
23. Grömping U., (2006). Relative importance for linear regression in R: The package relaimpo. Journal of Statistical Software, 17(1), 139–147. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.245
24. Heeren A., McNally R. J., (2016). An integrative network approach to social anxiety disorder: The complex dynamic interplay among attentional bias for threat, attentional control, and symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 42, 95–104. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.009
25. Hester R., Garavan H., (2005). Working memory and executive function: The influence of content and load on the control of attention. Memory & Cognition, 33, 221–233.
26. Iqbal N., Dar K. A., (2015). Negative affectivity, depression, and anxiety: Does rumination mediate the links? Journal of Affective Disorders, 181, 18–23. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.002
27. Johnson J. W., LeBreton J. M., (2004). History and use of relative importance indices in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 7, 238–257.
28. Joormann J., Gotlib I. H., (2008). Updating the contents of working memory in depression: Interference from irrelevant negative material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 182–192. http://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.1.182
29. Joormann J., Gotlib I. H., (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition & Emotion, 24, 281–298. http://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903407948
30. Joormann J., Levens S. M., Gotlib I. H., (2011). Sticky thoughts: Depression and rumination are associated with difficulties manipulating emotional material in working memory. Psychological Science, 22, 979–983. http://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611415539
31. Joormann J., Vanderlind W. M., (2014). Emotion regulation in depression: The role of biased cognition and reduced cognitive control. Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 402–421. http://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614536163
32. Koster E. H. W., De Lissnyder E., De Raedt R., (2013). Rumination is characterized by valence-specific impairments in switching of attention. Acta Psychologica, 144, 563–570. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.09.008
33. Koster E. H. W., De Lissnyder E., Derakshan N., De Raedt R., (2011). Understanding depressive rumination from a cognitive science perspective: The impaired disengagement hypothesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 138–145. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.005
34. LeMoult J., Arditte K. A., D’Avanzato C., Joormann J., (2013). State rumination: Associations with emotional stress reactivity and attention biases. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 4, 471–484. http://doi.org/10.5127/jep.029112
35. Mathôt S., Schreij D., Theeuwes J., (2012). OpenSesame: An open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 44, 314–324. http://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0168-7
36. McLaughlin K. A., Nolen-Hoeksema S., (2011). Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 186–193. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.006
37. McNally R. J., (2016). Can network analysis transform psychopathology? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 86, 95–104. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.006
38. McNally R. J., Heeren A., Robinaugh D. J., (2016). A Bayesian network analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults reporting childhood sexual abuse. Manuscript submitted for publication.
39. McNally R. J., Mair P., Mugno B. L., Riemann B. C., (in press). Comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression: A Bayesian network approach. Psychological Medicine.
40. McNally R. J., Robinaugh D. J., Wu G. W. Y., Wang L., Deserno M., Borsboom D., (2015). Mental disorders as causal systems: A network approach to posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 836–849. http://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614553230
41. Miyake A., Friedman N. P., Emerson M. J., Witzki A. H., Howerter A., Wager T. D., (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “Frontal Lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49–100. http://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
42. Monsell S., (1996). Control of mental processes. In Bruce V., (Ed.), Unsolved mysteries of the mind: Tutorial essays in cognition (pp. 93–148). Hove, England: Psychology Press.
43. Nolen-Hoeksema S., Morrow J., (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115–121.
44. Nolen-Hoeksema S., Wisco B. E., Lyubomirsky S., (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–424. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
45. Papageorgiou C., Wells A., (2001). Metacognitive beliefs about rumination in recurrent major depression. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 8, 160–164. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(01)80021-3
46. Pearl J., Glymour M., Jewell N. P., (2016). Causal inference in statistics: A primer. Chichester, England: John Wiley.
47. Ray R. D., Ochsner K. N., Cooper J. C., Robertson E. R., Gabrieli J. D. E., Gross J. J., (2005). Individual differences in trait rumination and the neural systems supporting cognitive reappraisal. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, 156–168. http://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.5.2.156
48. Robinaugh D. J., LeBlanc N. J., Vuletich H. A., McNally R. J., (2014). Network analysis of persistent complex bereavement disorder in conjugally bereaved adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 510–522. http://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000002
49. Schmittmann V. D., Cramer A. O. J., Waldorp L. J., Epskamp S., Kievit R. A., Borsboom D., (2013). Deconstructing the construct: A network perspective on psychological phenomena. New Ideas in Psychology, 31, 43–53. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2011.02.007
50. Scutari M., (2010). Learning Bayesian networks with the bnlearn R package. Journal of Statistical Software, 35(3), 1–22. http://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v035.i03
51. Scutari M., Nagarajan R., (2013). Identifying significant edges in graphical models of molecular networks. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 57, 207–217.
52. Siegle G. J., Steinhauer S. R., Thase M. E., Stenger V. A., Carter C. S., (2002). Can’t shake that feeling: Event-related fMRI assessment of sustained amygdala activity in response to emotional information in depressed individuals. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 693–707. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01314-8
53. Takeuchi H., Taki Y., Nouchi R., Hashizume H., Sekiguchi A., Kotozaki Y.,.. Kawashima R., (2014). Working memory training improves emotional states of healthy individuals. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8, 200. http://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00200
54. Thomas S., Reading J., Shephard R. J., (1992). Revision of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences/Journal Canadien Des Sciences Du Sport, 17, 338–345.
55. Treynor W., Gonzalez R., Nolen-Hoeksema S., (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 247–259.
56. van der Maas H. L. J., Dolan C. V., Grasman R. P. P. P., Wicherts J. M., Huizenga H. M., Raijmakers M. E. J. (2006). A dynamical model of general intelligence: The positive manifold of intelligence by mutualism. Psychological Review, 113, 842–861. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.113.4.842
57. Whitmer A. J., Banich M. T., (2007). Inhibition versus switching deficits in different forms of rumination. Psychological Science, 18, 546–553. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01936.x
58. Wolkenstein L., Zwick J. C., Hautzinger M., Joormann J., (2014). Cognitive emotion regulation in euthymic bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 160, 92–97. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.022
59. Wood J. V., Heimpel S. A., Michela J. L., (2003). Savoring versus dampening: Self-esteem differences in regulating positive affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 566–580. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.566