메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 425-435

Nicotine replacement therapy: An overview

Author keywords

Nicotine and therapy

Indexed keywords


EID: 85029364773     PISSN: 17914299     EISSN: 17914728     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (115)

References (71)
  • 2
    • 0036731449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing nicotine addiction
    • Sep
    • Kotlyar M, Hatsukami DK. Managing nicotine addiction. J Dent Educ. 2002 Sep; 66(9): 1061-73.
    • (2002) J Dent Educ. , vol.66 , Issue.9 , pp. 1061-1073
    • Kotlyar, M.1    Hatsukami, D.K.2
  • 3
    • 0032801604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking behavior and compensation: A review of the literature
    • Scherer G. Smoking behavior and compensation: a review of the literature. Psychopharmacology (Berl)1999; 145(1): 1-20.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.145 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Scherer, G.1
  • 4
    • 12344316075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of tobacco dependence: A preclinical perspective on the role of the dopamine projections to the nucleus accumbens
    • Balfour DJ. The neurobiology of tobacco dependence: a preclinical perspective on the role of the dopamine projections to the nucleus accumbens. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004; 6(6): 899-912.
    • (2004) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 899-912
    • Balfour, D.J.1
  • 6
    • 65249154248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of nicotine: Addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics
    • Benowitz NL. Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Annu Rev PharmacolToxicol. 2009; 49: 57-71.
    • (2009) Annu Rev PharmacolToxicol. , vol.49 , pp. 57-71
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 7
    • 12344316075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of tobacco dependence: A preclinical perspective on the role of the dopamine projections to the nucleus accumbens
    • Balfour DJ. The neurobiology of tobacco dependence: a preclinical perspective on the role of the dopamine projections to the nucleus accumbens. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004; 6(6): 899-912.
    • (2004) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 899-912
    • Balfour, D.J.1
  • 9
    • 84872173821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation
    • Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008; (1): CD000146
    • Silagy C, Lancaster T, Stead L, Mant D, Fowler G. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004; (3): CD000146. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008; (1): CD000146.
    • (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. , Issue.3
    • Silagy, C.1    Lancaster, T.2    Stead, L.3    Mant, D.4    Fowler, G.5
  • 10
    • 23844545911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation guidelines: Evidence-based recommendations of the French Health Products Safety Agency
    • Le Foll B, Melihan-Cheinin P, Rostoker G, Lagrue G. Smoking cessation guidelines: evidence-based recommendations of the French Health Products Safety Agency. European Psychiatry 2005; 20: 431-4.
    • (2005) European Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 431-434
    • Le Foll, B.1    Melihan-Cheinin, P.2    Rostoker, G.3    Lagrue, G.4
  • 11
    • 1942532837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine, its metabolism and an overview of its biological effects
    • Yildiz D. Nicotine, its metabolism and an overview of its biological effects. Toxicon. 2004; 43(6): 619-632.
    • (2004) Toxicon. , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 619-632
    • Yildiz, D.1
  • 13
    • 0034725354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: A US Public Health Service report. The Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline Panel, Staff, and Consortium Representatives
    • Jun 28. Review
    • A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: A US Public Health Service report. The Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline Panel, Staff, and Consortium Representatives. JAMA. 2000 Jun 28; 283(24): 3244-54. Review.
    • (2000) JAMA. , vol.283 , Issue.24 , pp. 3244-3254
  • 15
    • 0034960804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: Rationale, efficacy and tolerability
    • Sweeney CT, Fant RV, Fagerstrom KO, McGovern JF, Henningfield JE. Combination nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: rationale, efficacy and tolerability. CNS Drugs 2001; 15: 453-67.
    • (2001) CNS Drugs , vol.15 , pp. 453-467
    • Sweeney, C.T.1    Fant, R.V.2    Fagerstrom, K.O.3    McGovern, J.F.4    Henningfield, J.E.5
  • 16
    • 0001872505 scopus 로고
    • Combined use of nicotine replacement products
    • Fagerstrom KO. Combined use of nicotine replacement products. Health Values 1994; 18: 15-20.
    • (1994) Health Values , vol.18 , pp. 15-20
    • Fagerstrom, K.O.1
  • 17
    • 84940761047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine Replacement Therapy as a Maintenance Treatment
    • Aug 18
    • Prochaska JJ. Nicotine Replacement Therapy as a Maintenance Treatment. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18; 314(7): 718-9.
    • (2015) JAMA. , vol.314 , Issue.7 , pp. 718-719
    • Prochaska, J.J.1
  • 19
    • 84856581065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal mechanisms underlying development of nicotine dependence: Implications for novel smoking-cessation treatments
    • Jul
    • D'Souza MS, Markou A. Neuronal mechanisms underlying development of nicotine dependence: implications for novel smoking-cessation treatments. Addict SciClinPract. 2011 Jul; 6(1): 4-16.
    • (2011) Addict SciClinPract. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-16
    • D'Souza, M.S.1    Markou, A.2
  • 21
    • 0028849333 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine medications for smoking cessation
    • Nov 2
    • Henningfield JE. Nicotine medications for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 2; 333(18): 1196-203.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med. , vol.333 , Issue.18 , pp. 1196-1203
    • Henningfield, J.E.1
  • 22
    • 0035236110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic investigation of a nicotine sublingual tablet
    • Jan-Feb
    • Molander L, Lunell E. Pharmacokinetic investigation of a nicotine sublingual tablet. Eur J ClinPharmacol. 2001 Jan-Feb; 56(11): 813-19.
    • (2001) Eur J ClinPharmacol. , vol.56 , Issue.11 , pp. 813-819
    • Molander, L.1    Lunell, E.2
  • 24
    • 46249118363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. A U.S. Public Health Service report
    • Clinical Practice Guideline Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Panel, Liaisons, and Staff, Aug
    • Clinical Practice Guideline Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Panel, Liaisons, and Staff. A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. A U. S. Public Health Service report. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Aug; 35(2): 158-76.
    • (2008) Am J Prev Med. , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 158-176
  • 25
    • 0028849333 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine medications for smoking cessation
    • Nov 2
    • Henningfield JE. Nicotine medications for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 2; 333(18): 1196-203.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med. , vol.333 , Issue.18 , pp. 1196-1203
    • Henningfield, J.E.1
  • 26
    • 84908051522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: Review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit
    • Nov
    • Hajek P, Etter JF, Benowitz N, Eissenberg T, McRobbie H. Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. Addiction. 2014 Nov; 109(11): 1801-10.
    • (2014) Addiction. , vol.109 , Issue.11 , pp. 1801-1810
    • Hajek, P.1    Etter, J.F.2    Benowitz, N.3    Eissenberg, T.4    McRobbie, H.5
  • 27
  • 28
    • 84907199052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose transdermal nicotine replacement for tobacco cessation
    • Apr 15
    • Brokowski L, Chen J, Tanner S. High-dose transdermal nicotine replacement for tobacco cessation. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2014 Apr 15; 71(8): 634-8.
    • (2014) Am J Health Syst Pharm. , vol.71 , Issue.8 , pp. 634-638
    • Brokowski, L.1    Chen, J.2    Tanner, S.3
  • 30
    • 84878050022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [cited 2015 october 15]
    • U. S. Department of Veteran affairs [cited 2015 october 15] Available from: https: //www. myhealth. va. gov/mhvportalweb/ anonymous. portal?_nfpb=true& _nfto=false&_pageLabel=spotlightArchive &contentPage=spotlight/November%2020 11/spotlight_nov2011_smoking. html
    • U.S. Department of Veteran affairs
  • 31
    • 79952552453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes as a smokingcessation tool: Results from an online survey
    • Seigel MB, Tanwar KL, Wood KS. Electronic cigarettes as a smokingcessation tool: results from an online survey. Am J Prev Med2011; 40: 472-5.
    • (2011) Am J Prev Med , vol.40 , pp. 472-475
    • Seigel, M.B.1    Tanwar, K.L.2    Wood, K.S.3
  • 34
    • 84941881425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes and vaping: A new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review
    • Nov 18
    • Palazzolo DL. Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review. Front Public Health. 2013 Nov 18; 1: 56.
    • (2013) Front Public Health. , vol.1 , pp. 56
    • Palazzolo, D.L.1
  • 35
    • 84955500097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecigarettes: Safe to recommend to patients?
    • Aug
    • Jerry JM, Collins GB, Streem D. Ecigarettes: Safe to recommend to patients? Cleve Clin J Med. 2015 Aug; 82(8): 521-6.
    • (2015) Cleve Clin J Med. , vol.82 , Issue.8 , pp. 521-526
    • Jerry, J.M.1    Collins, G.B.2    Streem, D.3
  • 36
    • 84948978274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are electronic nicotine delivery systems an effective smoking cessation tool?
    • Fall
    • Lam C, West A. Are electronic nicotine delivery systems an effective smoking cessation tool? Can J RespirTher. 2015 Fall; 51(4): 93-8.
    • (2015) Can J RespirTher. , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 93-98
    • Lam, C.1    West, A.2
  • 39
    • 84872876731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dose transdermal nicotine for fast metabolizers of nicotine: A proof of concept placebocontrolled trial
    • Schnoll RA, Wileyto EP, Leone FT, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. High dose transdermal nicotine for fast metabolizers of nicotine: a proof of concept placebocontrolled trial. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013; 15: 348-54.
    • (2013) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.15 , pp. 348-354
    • Schnoll, R.A.1    Wileyto, E.P.2    Leone, F.T.3    Tyndale, R.F.4    Benowitz, N.L.5
  • 41
    • 34247842847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-dose nicotine patch therapy on tobacco withdrawal symptoms among smokeless tobacco users
    • Ebbert JO, Dale LC, Patten CA. Croghan IT, Schroeder DR, Moyer TP, et al. Effect of high-dose nicotine patch therapy on tobacco withdrawal symptoms among smokeless tobacco users. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007; 9: 43-52.
    • (2007) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.9 , pp. 43-52
    • Ebbert, J.O.1    Dale, L.C.2    Patten, C.A.3    Croghan, I.T.4    Schroeder, D.R.5    Moyer, T.P.6
  • 43
    • 27744557237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of rapid-release nicotine gum versus nicotine polacrilex gum in relieving smoking cue-provoked craving
    • Nov
    • Niaura R, Sayette M, Shiffman S, Glover ED, Nides M, Shelanski M, et al. Comparative efficacy of rapid-release nicotine gum versus nicotine polacrilex gum in relieving smoking cue-provoked craving. Addiction. 2005 Nov; 100(11): 1720-30.
    • (2005) Addiction. , vol.100 , Issue.11 , pp. 1720-1730
    • Niaura, R.1    Sayette, M.2    Shiffman, S.3    Glover, E.D.4    Nides, M.5    Shelanski, M.6
  • 44
    • 0027193220 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of nicotine patch and nicotine gum as individual versus combined treatments for tobacco withdrawal symptoms
    • Fagerstrom KO, Schneider NG, Lunell E. Effectiveness of nicotine patch and nicotine gum as individual versus combined treatments for tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Psychopharmacology 1993; 111: 271-277.
    • (1993) Psychopharmacology , vol.111 , pp. 271-277
    • Fagerstrom, K.O.1    Schneider, N.G.2    Lunell, E.3
  • 45
    • 0028918639 scopus 로고
    • Combined use of nicotine patch and gum in smoking cessation: A placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Kornitzer M, Boutsen M, Dramaix M, Thijs J, Gustavsson G. Combined use of nicotine patch and gum in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Prev Med 1995; 24: 41-47.
    • (1995) Prev Med , vol.24 , pp. 41-47
    • Kornitzer, M.1    Boutsen, M.2    Dramaix, M.3    Thijs, J.4    Gustavsson, G.5
  • 46
    • 0000508161 scopus 로고
    • Combined use of nicotine patch and gum compared with gum alone in smoking cessation: A clinical trial in North Karelia
    • Puska P, Korhonen H, Vartiainen E, E. L. Urjanheimo, G. Gustavsson, A. Westin. Combined use of nicotine patch and gum compared with gum alone in smoking cessation: a clinical trial in North Karelia. Tob Control 1995; 4: 231-235.
    • (1995) Tob Control , vol.4 , pp. 231-235
    • Puska, P.1    Korhonen, H.2    Vartiainen, E.3    Urjanheimo, E.L.4    Gustavsson, G.5    Westin, A.6
  • 47
    • 59049087569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of combination therapy for smoking cessation
    • Shah SD, Wilken LA, Winkler SR, lin S-J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of combination therapy for smoking cessation. J Am Pharm Assoc 2008; 48: 659-65.
    • (2008) J Am Pharm Assoc , vol.48 , pp. 659-665
    • Shah, S.D.1    Wilken, L.A.2    Winkler, S.R.3    Lin, S.-J.4
  • 48
    • 0036961531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine concentrations with concurrent use of cigarettes and nicotine replacement
    • Fagerström K., Hughes J. Nicotine concentrations with concurrent use of cigarettes and nicotine replacement. Nicotine Tob Res2002; 4: 73-9.
    • (2002) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.4 , pp. 73-79
    • Fagerström, K.1    Hughes, J.2
  • 49
    • 0031855134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine-mecamylamine treatment for smoking cessation: The role of precessation therapy
    • Rose J. E., Behm F. M., Westman E. C. Nicotine-mecamylamine treatment for smoking cessation: the role of precessation therapy. ExpClin Psychopharmacol1998; 6: 331-43
    • (1998) ExpClin Psychopharmacol , vol.6 , pp. 331-343
    • Rose, J.E.1    Behm, F.M.2    Westman, E.C.3
  • 51
    • 77954484646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precessation nicotine replacement therapy: Pragmatic randomized trial
    • Aug
    • Bullen C, Howe C, Lin RB, Grigg M, Laugesen M, McRobbie H, et al. Precessation nicotine replacement therapy: pragmatic randomized trial. Addiction. 2010 Aug; 105(8): 1474-83.
    • (2010) Addiction. , vol.105 , Issue.8 , pp. 1474-1483
    • Bullen, C.1    Howe, C.2    Lin, R.B.3    Grigg, M.4    Laugesen, M.5    McRobbie, H.6
  • 53
    • 84868154649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of novel pharmacotherapeutics for tobacco dependence: Progress and future directions
    • Nov
    • Harmey D, Griffin PR, Kenny PJ. Development of novel pharmacotherapeutics for tobacco dependence: progress and future directions. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012 Nov; 14(11): 1300-18.
    • (2012) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.14 , Issue.11 , pp. 1300-1318
    • Harmey, D.1    Griffin, P.R.2    Kenny, P.J.3
  • 54
    • 0032801604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking behaviour and compensation: A review of the literature
    • Scherer, G. Smoking behaviour and compensation: a review of the literature. Psychopharmacology, 1999; 145(1): 1-20.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology , vol.145 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Scherer, G.1
  • 59
    • 84892577122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much nicotine kills a human? Tracing back the generally accepted lethal dose to dubious self experiments in the nineteenth century
    • Jan
    • Meyer, B. How much nicotine kills a human? Tracing back the generally accepted lethal dose to dubious self experiments in the nineteenth century. Arch Toxicol. 2014 Jan; 88(1): 5-7.
    • (2014) Arch Toxicol. , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-7
    • Meyer, B.1
  • 60
    • 84988248542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine: Pharmacology, Toxicity and Therapeutic use
    • Karl Fagerström. Nicotine: Pharmacology, Toxicity and Therapeutic use. J SmokCessat. 2014; 9: 53-59.
    • (2014) J SmokCessat. , vol.9 , pp. 53-59
    • Fagerström, K.1
  • 61
    • 0642367529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are nicotine replacement strategies to facilitate smoking cessation safe?
    • Oct
    • Lavelle C, Birek C, Scott DA. Are nicotine replacement strategies to facilitate smoking cessation safe? J Can Dent Assoc. 2003 Oct; 69(9): 592-7.
    • (2003) J Can Dent Assoc. , vol.69 , Issue.9 , pp. 592-597
    • Lavelle, C.1    Birek, C.2    Scott, D.A.3
  • 62
    • 67649215360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and safety of nicotine replacement therapy assisted reduction to stop smoking: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Apr 2
    • Moore D, Aveyard P, Connock M, Wang D, Fry-Smith A, Barton P. Effectiveness and safety of nicotine replacement therapy assisted reduction to stop smoking: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2009 Apr 2; 338: b1024.
    • (2009) BMJ. , vol.338
    • Moore, D.1    Aveyard, P.2    Connock, M.3    Wang, D.4    Fry-Smith, A.5    Barton, P.6
  • 63
    • 70350474425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy: Recommended or not recommended?
    • Aug
    • Osadchy A, Kazmin A, Koren G. Nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy: recommended or not recommended? J ObstetGynaecol Can. 2009 Aug; 31(8): 744-7
    • (2009) J ObstetGynaecol Can. , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 744-747
    • Osadchy, A.1    Kazmin, A.2    Koren, G.3
  • 64
    • 84907320419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking, Nicotine and Pregnancy Trial Team. The SNAP trial: A randomized placebocontrolled trial of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy-clinical effectiveness and safety until 2 years after delivery, with economic evaluation
    • Aug
    • Cooper S, Lewis S, Thornton JG, Marlow N, Watts K, Britton J, et al. Smoking, Nicotine and Pregnancy Trial Team. The SNAP trial: a randomized placebocontrolled trial of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy-clinical effectiveness and safety until 2 years after delivery, with economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2014 Aug; 18(54): 1-128.
    • (2014) Health Technol Assess. , vol.18 , Issue.54 , pp. 1-128
    • Cooper, S.1    Lewis, S.2    Thornton, J.G.3    Marlow, N.4    Watts, K.5    Britton, J.6
  • 65
    • 84878367998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimising nicotine replacement therapy in clinical practice
    • May
    • Mendelsohn C. Optimising nicotine replacement therapy in clinical practice. AustFam Physician. 2013 May; 42(5): 305-9.
    • (2013) AustFam Physician. , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 305-309
    • Mendelsohn, C.1
  • 66
    • 47549106534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived safety and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies among uS smokers and ex-smokers: Relationship with use and compliance
    • Shiffman S, Ferguson SG, Rohay J, Gitchell JG. Perceived safety and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies among uS smokers and ex-smokers: relationship with use and compliance. Addiction 2008; 103: 1371-8.
    • (2008) Addiction , vol.103 , pp. 1371-1378
    • Shiffman, S.1    Ferguson, S.G.2    Rohay, J.3    Gitchell, J.G.4
  • 67
    • 79954969716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Providing accurate safety information may increase a smoker's willingness to use nicotine replacement therapy as part of a quit attempt
    • Ferguson SG, Gitchell JG, Shiffman S, Sembower MA, Rohay JM, Allen J. Providing accurate safety information may increase a smoker's willingness to use nicotine replacement therapy as part of a quit attempt. Addict Behav 2011; 36: 713-6.
    • (2011) Addict Behav , vol.36 , pp. 713-716
    • Ferguson, S.G.1    Gitchell, J.G.2    Shiffman, S.3    Sembower, M.A.4    Rohay, J.M.5    Allen, J.6
  • 68
    • 84938205890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for nonadherence to nicotine patch therapy during the first month of a quit attempt
    • Aug
    • Yingst JM, Veldheer S, Hrabovsky S, Sciamanna C, Foulds J. Reasons for nonadherence to nicotine patch therapy during the first month of a quit attempt. Int J ClinPract. 2015 Aug; 69(8): 883-8.
    • (2015) Int J ClinPract. , vol.69 , Issue.8 , pp. 883-888
    • Yingst, J.M.1    Veldheer, S.2    Hrabovsky, S.3    Sciamanna, C.4    Foulds, J.5
  • 69
    • 84861545849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of nicotine replacement after a smoking lapse
    • Hughes JR. Use of nicotine replacement after a smoking lapse. Nicotine Tob Res 2012; 14: 751-4.
    • (2012) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.14 , pp. 751-754
    • Hughes, J.R.1
  • 70
    • 79251561885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to and reasons for premature discontinuation from stopsmoking medications: Data from the ITC four-country survey
    • Balmford J, Borland R, Hammond D, Cummings KM. Adherence to and reasons for premature discontinuation from stopsmoking medications: data from the ITC four-country survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13: 94-102.
    • (2011) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.13 , pp. 94-102
    • Balmford, J.1    Borland, R.2    Hammond, D.3    Cummings, K.M.4
  • 71
    • 59949091100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatments for tobacco dependence
    • K. O. Fagerstrom and C. A. Jimenez-Ruiz. Pharmacological treatments for tobacco dependence. European Respiratory 2008; 17(110): 192-8.
    • (2008) European Respiratory , vol.17 , Issue.110 , pp. 192-198
    • Fagerstrom, K.O.1    Jimenez-Ruiz, C.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.