메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 9, 2017, Pages 1144-1151

Composite primary end points in cardiovascular outcomes trials involving type 2 diabetes patients: Should unstable angina be included in the primary end point?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT;

EID: 85028091172     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: 19355548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0068     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 79952260576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetesmellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause-specific death
    • Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration
    • Seshasai SR, Kaptoge S, Thompson A, et al.; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetesmellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause-specific death. N Engl J Med 2011;364:829-841
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 829-841
    • Seshasai, S.R.1    Kaptoge, S.2    Thompson, A.3
  • 2
    • 84901768284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering drugs or strategies in type 2 diabetes
    • Holman RR, Sourij H, Califf RM. Cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering drugs or strategies in type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2014;383:2008-2017
    • (2014) Lancet , vol.383 , pp. 2008-2017
    • Holman, R.R.1    Sourij, H.2    Califf, R.M.3
  • 3
    • 84944800184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes
    • EMPAREG OUTCOME Investigators
    • Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al.; EMPAREG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117-2128
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , pp. 2117-2128
    • Zinman, B.1    Wanner, C.2    Lachin, J.M.3
  • 4
    • 85028049445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring,MD, U.S. Food and Drug Administration . Accessed 15 May
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves Jardiance to reduce cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes [Internet], 2 December 2016. Silver Spring,MD, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm531517.htm. Accessed 15 May 2017
    • (2017) FDA Approves Jardiance to Reduce Cardiovascular Death in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes 2 December 2016
  • 5
    • 85028029120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • December 2016. Ridgefield, CT, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Indianapolis IN, Eli Lilly and Company Accessed 15 May 2017
    • Jardiance (empagliflozin) prescribing information [Internet], December 2016. Ridgefield, CT, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Indianapolis IN, Eli Lilly and Company. Available f rom http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda-docs/label/2016/204629s008lbl.pdf.
    • (2017) Jardiance (Empagliflozin) Prescribing Information
  • 6
    • 79251473278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (EMA/398392/2016) . Accessed 15 May 2017
    • European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Summary of opinion (post authorisation): Jardiance (empagliflozin) [Internet], 15 December 2016 (EMA/398392/2016). Available from http://www.ema .europa.eu/ema/pages/includes/document/open- document.jsp?webContentId5WC500218154. Accessed 15 May 2017
    • Summary of Opinion (Post Authorisation): Jardiance (Empagliflozin) 15 December 2016
  • 7
    • 84978839381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
    • LEADER Steering Committee; LEADER Trial Investigators
    • Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al.; LEADER Steering Committee; LEADER Trial Investigators. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl JMed 2016;375: 311-322
    • (2016) N Engl JMed , vol.375 , pp. 311-322
    • Marso, S.P.1    Daniels, G.H.2    Brown-Frandsen, K.3
  • 8
    • 84994813253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • SUSTAIN-6 Investigators
    • Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al.; SUSTAIN-6 Investigators. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1834-1844
    • (2016) N Engl J Med , vol.375 , pp. 1834-1844
    • Marso, S.P.1    Bain, S.C.2    Consoli, A.3
  • 9
    • 34247503838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems with use of composite end points in cardiovascular trials: Systematic reviewof randomised controlled trials
    • Ferreira-González I, Busse JW, Heels-Ansdell D, et al. Problems with use of composite end points in cardiovascular trials: systematic reviewof randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2007;334:786
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334 , pp. 786
    • Ferreira-González, I.1    Busse, J.W.2    Heels-Ansdell, D.3
  • 10
    • 74549205348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composite end points in randomized trials: There is no free lunch
    • Tomlinson G, Detsky AS. Composite end points in randomized trials: there is no free lunch. JAMA 2010;303:267-268
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 267-268
    • Tomlinson, G.1    Detsky, A.S.2
  • 11
    • 84920703518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
    • GBD 2013Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators
    • GBD 2013Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015;385:117-171
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.385 , pp. 117-171
  • 12
    • 84904135780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decade-long trends in mortality among patients with and without diabetes mellitus at a major academic medical center
    • Butala NM, Johnson BK, Dziura JD, et al. Decade-long trends in mortality among patients with and without diabetes mellitus at a major academic medical center. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174:1187-1188
    • (2014) JAMA Intern Med , vol.174 , pp. 1187-1188
    • Butala, N.M.1    Johnson, B.K.2    Dziura, J.D.3
  • 13
    • 84957625950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who must we target nowtominimize future cardiovascular events and total mortality? Lessons from the Surveillance, Prevention andManagement of DiabetesMellitus (SUPREME-DM) cohort study
    • SUPREME-DMStudy Group
    • Desai JR, Vazquez-Benitez G, Xu Z, et al.; SUPREME-DMStudy Group.Who must we target nowtominimize future cardiovascular events and total mortality? Lessons from the Surveillance, Prevention andManagement of DiabetesMellitus (SUPREME-DM) cohort study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015;8:508-516
    • (2015) Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , vol.8 , pp. 508-516
    • Desai, J.R.1    Vazquez-Benitez, G.2    Xu, Z.3
  • 14
    • 84971290180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific trends from2000-2011 in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A cohort study of more than one million people
    • Harding JL, Shaw JE, Peeters A, Davidson S, Magliano DJ. Age-specific trends from2000-2011 in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a cohort study of more than one million people. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1018-1026
    • (2016) Diabetes Care , vol.39 , pp. 1018-1026
    • Harding, J.L.1    Shaw, J.E.2    Peeters, A.3    Davidson, S.4    Magliano, D.J.5
  • 15
    • 84887958895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality trends in patients with and without diabetes in Ontario, Canada and the UK from 1996 to 2009: A population-based study
    • Lind M, Garcia-Rodriguez LA, Booth GL, et al. Mortality trends in patients with and without diabetes in Ontario, Canada and the UK from 1996 to 2009: a population-based study. Diabetologia 2013;56:2601-2608
    • (2013) Diabetologia , vol.56 , pp. 2601-2608
    • Lind, M.1    Garcia-Rodriguez, L.A.2    Booth, G.L.3
  • 16
    • 59849099385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductions in excess mortality rates among people with diabetes by selected cause of death
    • Tierney EF, Cadwell BL, Thompson TJ, et al. Reductions in excess mortality rates among people with diabetes by selected cause of death. J Diabetes Complications 2009;23:77-82
    • (2009) J Diabetes Complications , vol.23 , pp. 77-82
    • Tierney, E.F.1    Cadwell, B.L.2    Thompson, T.J.3
  • 17
    • 85018394748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and cardiovascular disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
    • Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzén S, et al. Mortality and cardiovascular disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017;376: 1407-1418
    • (2017) N Engl J Med , vol.376 , pp. 1407-1418
    • Rawshani, A.1    Rawshani, A.2    Franzén, S.3
  • 18
    • 85029807276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Center for Drug Evaluation and Research diabetes, December 2008. Silver Spring, MD, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. . Accessed 15 May
    • Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Guidance for industry. Diabetes mellitusdevaluating cardiovascular risk in new antidiabetic therapies to treat type 2 diabetes [Internet], December 2008. Silver Spring, MD, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available fromhttp://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm071627.pdf. Accessed 15 May 2017
    • (2017) Guidance for Industry. Diabetes Mellitusdevaluating Cardiovascular Risk in New Antidiabetic Therapies to Treat Type 2
  • 19
    • 84955454921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenging issues in clinical trial design: Part 4 of a 4-part series on statistics for clinical trials
    • Pocock SJ, Clayton TC, StoneGW. Challenging issues in clinical trial design: part 4 of a 4-part series on statistics for clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:2886-2898
    • (2015) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.66 , pp. 2886-2898
    • Pocock, S.J.1    Clayton, T.C.2    Stone, G.W.3
  • 20
    • 84979544369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses of results fromcardiovascular safety trials with DPP-4 inhibitors: Cardiovascular outcomes, predefined safety outcomes, and pooled analysis and meta-analysis
    • Mannucci E, Mosenzon O, Avogaro A. Analyses of results fromcardiovascular safety trials with DPP-4 inhibitors: cardiovascular outcomes, predefined safety outcomes, and pooled analysis and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2016;39(Suppl. 2): S196-S204
    • (2016) Diabetes Care , vol.39 , pp. S196-S204
    • Mannucci, E.1    Mosenzon, O.2    Avogaro, A.3
  • 21
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998;352:837-853
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 22
    • 26244453309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial in macroVascular Events): A randomised controlled trial
    • PROactive Investigators
    • Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, et al.; PROactive Investigators. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:1279-1289
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1279-1289
    • Dormandy, J.A.1    Charbonnel, B.2    Eckland, D.J.3
  • 23
    • 84937681428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2014 ACC/AHA key data elements and definitions for cardiovascular endpoint events in clinical trials: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Cardiovascular Endpoints Data Standards)
    • Hicks KA, Tcheng JE, Bozkurt B, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA key data elements and definitions for cardiovascular endpoint events in clinical trials: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Cardiovascular Endpoints Data Standards). J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:403-469
    • (2015) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.66 , pp. 403-469
    • Hicks, K.A.1    Tcheng, J.E.2    Bozkurt, B.3
  • 24
    • 0032126372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between local investigator and core laboratory interpretation of the admission electrocardiogram in patients with unstable angina pectoris or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction( a Thrombin InhibitioninMyocardial Ischemia [TRIM] substudy)
    • Holmvang L, Hasbak P, Clemmensen P, Wagner G, Grande P. Differences between local investigator and core laboratory interpretation of the admission electrocardiogram in patients with unstable angina pectoris or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction( a Thrombin InhibitioninMyocardial Ischemia [TRIM] substudy). Am J Cardiol 1998;82:54-60
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.82 , pp. 54-60
    • Holmvang, L.1    Hasbak, P.2    Clemmensen, P.3    Wagner, G.4    Grande, P.5
  • 25
    • 0033135701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of an end-point committee in a largemulticentre, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial: Resultswith and without the end-point committee's final decision on end-points
    • Näslund U, Grip L, Fischer-Hansen J, Gundersen T, Lehto S, Wallentin L. The impact of an end-point committee in a largemulticentre, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial: resultswith and without the end-point committee's final decision on end-points. Eur Heart J 1999;20: 771-777
    • (1999) Eur Heart J , vol.20 , pp. 771-777
    • Näslund, U.1    Grip, L.2    Fischer-Hansen, J.3    Gundersen, T.4    Lehto, S.5    Wallentin, L.6
  • 26
    • 10344258049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of self-report, hospital discharge codes, and adjudication of cardiovascular events in the Women's Health Initiative
    • Heckbert SR, Kooperberg C, Safford MM, et al. Comparison of self-report, hospital discharge codes, and adjudication of cardiovascular events in the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Epidemiol 2004;160:1152-1158
    • (2004) Am J Epidemiol , vol.160 , pp. 1152-1158
    • Heckbert, S.R.1    Kooperberg, C.2    Safford, M.M.3
  • 27
    • 84971619896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2015 ESCGuidelines for themanagement of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
    • Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology
    • RoffiM, Patrono C, Collet JP, et al.; Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology. 2015 ESCGuidelines for themanagement of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2016;37:267-315
    • (2016) Eur Heart J , vol.37 , pp. 267-315
    • Roffi, M.1    Patrono, C.2    Collet, J.P.3
  • 29
    • 84971280392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure considerations of antihyperglycemic medications for type 2 diabetes
    • Standl E, Schnell O,McGuire DK. Heart failure considerations of antihyperglycemic medications for type 2 diabetes. Circ Res 2016;118:1830-1843
    • (2016) Circ Res , vol.118 , pp. 1830-1843
    • Standl, E.1    Schnell, O.2    McGuire, D.K.3
  • 30
    • 85028056302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AstraZeneca 12 September 2016. . Accessed 15 May
    • AstraZeneca. AstraZeneca announces two new phase IIIb trials for Forxiga in chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure [Internet], 12 September 2016. Available from https://www .astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2016/astrazeneca-announces-two-new-phase-IIIb-trials-for-Forxiga-in-chronic-kidney-diseaseand-chronic-heart-failure-120920161.html. Accessed 15 May 2017
    • (2017) AstraZeneca Announces Two New Phase IIIb Trials for Forxiga in Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Heart Failure
  • 32
    • 85034813185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research January 2017. Silver Spring, MD, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed 15 May
    • Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Multiple endpoints in clinical trials: guidance for industry (draft guidance) [Internet], January 2017. Silver Spring, MD, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available from http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM536750.pdf. Accessed 15 May 2017
    • (2017) Multiple Endpoints in Clinical Trials: Guidance for Industry (Draft Guidance)
  • 33
    • 84986538659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The primary outcome is positivedis that good enough?
    • Pocock SJ, StoneGW. The primary outcome is positivedis that good enough? N Engl J Med 2016;375:971-979
    • (2016) N Engl J Med , vol.375 , pp. 971-979
    • Pocock, S.J.1    Stone, G.W.2
  • 35
    • 79959746706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • SHARP Investigators
    • Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C, et al.; SHARP Investigators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2011;377:2181-2192
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 2181-2192
    • Baigent, C.1    Landray, M.J.2    Reith, C.3
  • 36
    • 85028086267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use 25 February 2016 (EMA/CHMP/50549/2015). . Accessed 15 May
    • European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Reflection paper on assessment of cardiovascular safety profile of medicinal products [Internet], 25 February 2016 (EMA/CHMP/50549/2015). Available from www.ema.europa.eu/ema/pages/includes/document/open-document .jsp?webContentId5WC500203804. Accessed 15 May 2017
    • (2017) Reflection Paper on Assessment of Cardiovascular Safety Profile of Medicinal Products
  • 37
    • 45149131667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive glucose loweringin type 2 diabetes
    • Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group
    • Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al.; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose loweringin type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2545-2559
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2545-2559
    • Gerstein, H.C.1    Miller, M.E.2    Byington, R.P.3
  • 38
    • 58149389215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes
    • VADT Investigators
    • Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al.; VADT Investigators. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;360:129-139
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 129-139
    • Duckworth, W.1    Abraira, C.2    Moritz, T.3
  • 39
    • 45149133036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • ADVANCE Collaborative Group
    • Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al.; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358: 2560-2572
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2560-2572
    • Patel, A.1    MacMahon, S.2    Chalmers, J.3
  • 40
    • 64749114318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prandial versus fasting glycemia on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: The HEART2D trial
    • Raz I, Wilson PW, Strojek K, et al. Effects of prandial versus fasting glycemia on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: the HEART2D trial. Diabetes Care 2009;32:381-386
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 381-386
    • Raz, I.1    Wilson, P.W.2    Strojek, K.3
  • 41
    • 67149142042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease
    • BARI 2D Study Group
    • Frye RL, August P, BrooksMM, et al.; BARI 2D Study Group. A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2009;360:2503-2515
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 2503-2515
    • Frye, R.L.1    August, P.2    Brooks, M.M.3
  • 42
    • 84864270406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia
    • ORIGIN Trial Investigators
    • Gerstein HC, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, et al.; ORIGIN Trial Investigators. Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia.N Engl J Med 2012;367:319-328
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 319-328
    • Gerstein, H.C.1    Bosch, J.2    Dagenais, G.R.3
  • 43
    • 84883745765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • EXAMINE Investigators
    • White WB, Cannon CP, Heller SR, et al.; EXAMINE Investigators. Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1327-1335
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 1327-1335
    • White, W.B.1    Cannon, C.P.2    Heller, S.R.3
  • 44
    • 84883765959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • SAVOR-TIMI 53 Steering Committee and Investigators
    • Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, et al.; SAVOR-TIMI 53 Steering Committee and Investigators. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1317-1326
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 1317-1326
    • Scirica, B.M.1    Bhatt, D.L.2    Braunwald, E.3
  • 45
    • 84948740668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome
    • ELIXA Investigators
    • Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, et al.; ELIXA Investigators. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2247-2257
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , pp. 2247-2257
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Claggett, B.2    Diaz, R.3
  • 46
    • 84937053742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
    • TECOS Study Group
    • Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, et al.; TECOS Study Group. Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015;373:232-242
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , pp. 232-242
    • Green, J.B.1    Bethel, M.A.2    Armstrong, P.W.3
  • 48
    • 84930085787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes taking alogliptin versus placebo in EXAMINE: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial
    • EXAMINE Investigators
    • Zannad F, Cannon CP, Cushman WC, et al.; EXAMINE Investigators. Heart failure and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes taking alogliptin versus placebo in EXAMINE: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2015;385:2067-2076
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.385 , pp. 2067-2076
    • Zannad, F.1    Cannon, C.P.2    Cushman, W.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.