Photoluminescent nematic liquid crystalline elastomer actuators

Liquid Crystals

Volumn 41, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 1821-1830

  Wei, R B ^a   Zhang, H X ^a   He, Y N ^a   Wang, X G ^a   Keller, P ^b,c  

^a TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b INSTITUT CURIE   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

actuators; liquid crystal elastomer; photoluminescence; thermochromic; thermomechanical

Indexed keywords

EID: 85027937772     PISSN: 02678292     EISSN: 13665855     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02678292.2014.951006     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Stuart MAC, Huck WTS, Genzer J, Müller M, Ober C, Stamm M, Sukhorukov GB, Szleifer I, Tsukruk VV, Urban M, Winnik F, Zauscher S, Luzinov I, Minko S. Emerging applications of stimuli-responsive polymer materials. Nat Mater. 2010;9:101–113. doi:10.1038/nmat2614
2. Li MH, Keller P. Artificial muscles based on liquid crystal elastomers. Phil Trans R Soc A. 2006;364:2763–2777. doi:10.1098/rsta.2006.1853
3. Warner MT, Terentjev EM. Liquid crystal elastomers. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003.
4. Wei RB, He YN, Wang XG, Keller P. Nematic liquid crystalline elastomer grating and microwire fabricated by micro-molding in capillaries. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2013;34:330–334. doi:10.1002/marc.201200667
5. Brömmel F, Kramer D, Finkelmann H. Preparation of liquid crystalline elastomers. Adv Polym Sci. 2012;250:1–48.
6. Ohm C, Brehmer M, Zentel R. Applications of liquid crystalline elastomers. Adv Polym Sci. 2012;250:49–94. doi:10.1007/12_2011_164
7. Ikeda T, Mamiya J, Yu YL. Photomechanics of liquid-crystalline elastomers and other polymers. Angew Chem Int Edit. 2007;46:506–528. doi:10.1002/anie.200602372
8. Yang H, Ye G, Wang XG, Keller P. Micron-sized liquid crystalline elastomer actuators. Soft Matter. 2011;7:815–823. doi:10.1039/c0sm00734j
9. Lee WE, Jin YJ, Park LS, Kwak G. Fluorescent actuator based on microporous conjugated polymer with intramolecular stack structure. Adv Mater. 2012;24:5604–5609. doi:10.1002/adma.201201967
10. Basabe-Desmonts L, Reinhoudt DN, Crego-Calama M. Design of fluorescent materials for chemical sensing. Chem Soc Rev. 2007;36:993–1017. doi:10.1039/b609548h
11. Schaferling M. The art of fluorescence imaging with chemical sensors. Angew Chem Int Edit. 2012;51:3532–3554. doi:10.1002/anie.201105459
12. Yamane S, Sagara Y, Mutai T, Araki K, Kato T. Mechanochromic luminescent liquid crystals based on a bianthryl moiety. J Mater Chem C. 2013;1:2648–2656. doi:10.1039/c3tc00861d
13. Urban MW. Handbook of stimuli responsive materials. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2011.
14. 3 monomers: preparation, characterisation and structure-property relationship. Liq Cryst. 2012;39:1071–1081. doi:10.1080/02678292.2012.696731
15. Zabulica A, Perju E, Bruma M, Marin L. Novel luminescent liquid crystalline polyazomethines. Synthesis and study of thermotropic and photoluminescent properties. Liq Cryst. 2014;41:252–262. doi:10.1080/02678292.2013.852258
16. Finkelmann H, Kock HJ, Rehage G. Liquid crystalline elastomers-A new type of liquid crystalline material. Makromol Chem Rapid Commun. 1981;2:317–322. doi:10.1002/marc.1981.030020413
17. Krause S, Dersch R, Wendorff JH, Finkelmann H. Photocrosslinkable liquid crystal main-chain polymers: thin films and electrospinning. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2007;28:2062–2068. doi:10.1002/marc.200700460
18. Buguin A, Li MH, Silberzan P, Ladoux B, Keller P. Micro-actuators: when artificial muscles made of nematic liquid crystal elastomers meet soft lithography. J Am Chem Soc. 2006;128:1088–1089. doi:10.1021/ja0575070
19. Thomsen DL, Keller P, Naciri J, Pink R, Jeon H, Shenoy D, Ratna BR. Liquid crystal elastomers with mechanical properties of a muscle. Macromolecules. 2001;34:5868–5875. doi:10.1021/ma001639q
20. Yang H, Buguin A, Taulemesse JM, Kaneko K, Mery S, Bergeret A, Keller P. Micron-sized main-chain liquid crystalline elastomer actuators with ultralarge amplitude contractions. J Am Chem Soc. 2009;131:15000–15004. doi:10.1021/ja905363f
21. Ohm C, Kapernaum N, Nonnenmacher D, Giesselmann F, Serra C, Zentel R. Microfluidic synthesis of highly shape-anisotropic particles from liquid crystalline elastomers with defined director field configurations. J Am Chem Soc. 2011;133:5305–5311. doi:10.1021/ja1095254
22. Ohm C, Serra C, Zentel R. A continuous flow synthesis of micrometer-sized actuators from liquid crystalline elastomers. Adv Mater. 2009;21:4859–4862. doi:10.1002/adma.200901522
23. Wu ZL, Buguin A, Yang H, Taulemesse JM, Le Moigne N, Bergeret A, Wang XG, Keller P. Microstructured nematic liquid crystalline elastomer surfaces with switchable wetting properties. Adv Funct Mater. 2013;23:3070–3076. doi:10.1002/adfm.201203291
24. Wu ZL, Wei RB, Buguin A, Taulemesse JM, Le Moigne N, Bergeret A, Wang XG, Keller P. Stimuli-responsive topological change of microstructured surfaces and the resultant variations of wetting properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2013;5:7485–7491. doi:10.1021/am4017957
25. Beyer P, Zentel R. Photoswitchable smectic liquid-crystalline elastomers. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2005;26:874–879. doi:10.1002/marc.200500093
26. Camacho-Lopez M, Finkelmann H, Palffy-Muhoray P, Shelley M. Fast liquid-crystal elastomer swims into the dark. Nat Mater. 2004;3:307–310. doi:10.1038/nmat1118
27. Ikeda T, Nakano M, Yu YL, Tsutsumi O, Kanazawa A. Anisotropic bending and unbending behavior of azobenzene liquid-crystalline gels by light exposure. Adv Mater. 2003;15:201–205. doi:10.1002/adma.200390045
28. Kondo M, Yu YL, Ikeda T. How does the initial alignment of mesogens affect the photoinduced bending behavior of liquid-crystalline elastomers? Angew Chem Int Edit. 2006;45:1378–1382. doi:10.1002/anie.200503684
29. Yu YL, Nakano M, Ikeda T. Directed bending of a polymer film by light- Miniaturizing a simple photomechanical system could expand its range of applications. Nature. 2003;425:145. doi:10.1038/425145a
30. Deng W, Li MH, Wang XG, Keller P. Light-responsive wires from side-on liquid crystalline azo polymers. Liq Cryst. 2009;36:1023–1029. doi:10.1080/02678290902759251
31. Courty S, Mine J, Tajbakhsh AR, Terentjev EM. Nematic elastomers with aligned carbon nanotubes: new electromechanical actuators. Europhys Lett. 2003;64:654–660. doi:10.1209/epl/i2003-00277-9
32. Huang C, Zhang QM, Jakli A. Nematic anisotropic liquid-crystal gels—Self-assembled nanocomposites with high electromechanical response. Adv Funct Mater. 2003;13:525–529. doi:10.1002/adfm.200304322
33. Urayama K, Honda S, Takigawa T. Electrooptical effects with anisotropic deformation in nematic gels. Macromolecules. 2005;38:3574–3576. doi:10.1021/ma0503054
34. Naciri J, Srinivasan A, Jeon H, Nikolov N, Keller P, Ratna BR. Nematic elastomer fiber actuator. Macromolecules. 2003;36:8499–8505. doi:10.1021/ma034921g
35. Shenoy DK, Thomsen DL, Srinivasan A, Keller P, Ratna BR. Carbon coated liquid crystal elastomer film for artificial muscle applications. Sensors Actuat A-Phys. 2002;96:184–188. doi:10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00793-2
36. Li MH, Keller P, Yang JY, Albouy PA. An artificial muscle with lamellar structure based on a nematic triblock copolymer. Adv Mater. 2004;16:1922–1925. doi:10.1002/adma.200400658
37. Chen ML, Xing X, Liu Z, Zhu YT, Liu H, Yu YL, Cheng F. Photodeformable polymer material: towards light-driven micropump applications. Appl Phys A-Mater. 2010;100:39–43. doi:10.1007/s00339-010-5853-3
38. Chen ML, Huang HT, Zhu YT, Liu Z, Xing X, Cheng FT, Yu YL. Photodeformable CLCP material: study on photo-activated microvalve applications. Applied Physics A. 2011;102:667–672. doi:10.1007/s00339-010-6103-4
39. Fleischman EK, Liang HL, Kapernaum N, Giesselmann F, Lagerwall J, Zentel R. One-piece micropumps from liquid crystalline core-shell particles. Nat Commun. 2012;3:1178. doi:10.1038/ncomms2193
40. Serak S, Tabiryan N, Vergara R, White TJ, Vaia RA, Bunning TJ. Liquid crystalline polymer cantilever oscillators fueled by light. Soft Matter. 2010;6:779–783. doi:10.1039/b916831a
41. Bao SP, Li JH, Lee KI, Shao SJ, Hao JH, Fei B, Xin JH. Reversible mechanochromism of a luminescent elastomer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2013;5:4625–4631. doi:10.1021/am4013648
42. Ciardelli F, Ruggeri G, Pucci A. Dye-containing polymers: methods for preparation of mechanochromic materials. Chem Soc Rev. 2013;42:857–870. doi:10.1039/c2cs35414d
43. Pucci A, Ruggeri G. Mechanochromic polymer blends. J Mater Chem. 2011;21:8282–8291. doi:10.1039/c0jm03653f
44. Roberts DRT, Holder SJ. Mechanochromic systems for the detection of stress, strain and deformation in polymeric materials. J Mater Chem. 2011;21:8256–8268. doi:10.1039/c0jm04237d
45. Kunzelman J, Crenshaw BR, Kinami M, Weder C. Self-assembly and dispersion of chromogenic molecules: a versatile and general approach for self-assessing polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2006;27:1981–1987. doi:10.1002/marc.200600642
46. Wang CC, Gao Y, Shreve AP, Zhong C, Wang L, Mudalige K, Wang HL, Cotlet M. Thermochromism of a poly(phenylene vinylene): untangling the roles of polymer aggregate and chain conformation. J Phys Chem B. 2009;113:16110–16117. doi:10.1021/jp906645d
47. Kunzelman J, Chung T, Mather PT, Weder C. Shape memory polymers with built-in threshold temperature sensors. J Mater Chem. 2008;18:1082–1086. doi:10.1039/b718445j
48. Beck JB, Rowan SJ. Multistimuli, multiresponsive metallo-supramolecular polymers. J Am Chem Soc. 2003;125:13922–13923. doi:10.1021/ja038521k
49. 2O in air. TrAC Trends Anal Chem. 2006;25:937–948. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2006.06.009
50. Kondratowicz B, Narayanaswamy R, Persaud KC. An investigation into the use of electrochromic polymers in optical fibre gas sensors. Sens Actuator B-Chem. 2001;74:138–144. doi:10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00723-1
51. Wei RB, He YN, Wang XG, Keller P. Photoluminescent nematic liquid crystalline elastomer with a thermomechanical emission variation function. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2014. doi:10.1002/marc.201400264
52. Wei RB, Zhou LY, He YN, Wang XG, Keller P. Effect of molecular parameters on thermomechanical behavior of side-on nematic liquid crystal elastomers. Polymer. 2013;54:5321–5329. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.057
53. Matsui J, Mitsuishi M, Miyashita T. A study on fluorescence behavior of pyrene at the interface of polymer Langmuir−Blodgett films. J Phys Chem B. 2002;106:2468–2473. doi:10.1021/jp012381o
54. Iyer PK, Beck JB, Weder C, Rowan SJ. Synthesis and optical properties of metallo-supramolecular polymers. Chem Commun. 2005;319–321. doi:10.1039/b410734a
55. Parker CA, Hatchard CG. Delayed fluorescence of pyrene in ethanol. Trans Faraday Soc. 1963;59:284–295. doi:10.1039/tf9635900284
56. Kalyanasundaram K, Thomas JK. Environmental effects on vibronic band intensities in pyrene monomer fluorescence and their application in studies of micellar systems. J Am Chem Soc. 1977;99:2039–2044. doi:10.1021/ja00449a004
57. Duhamel J. New insights in the study of pyrene excimer fluorescence to characterize macromolecules and their supramolecular assemblies in solution. Langmuir. 2012;28:6527–6538. doi:10.1021/la2047646
58. Remuiňán MJ, Román H, Alonso MT, Rodríguez-Ubis JC. Synthesis and luminiscence properties of europium(III) and terbium(III) complexes with polyacid chelates derived from 2,6-bis(N-pyrazolyl)pyridine. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans. 1993;2:1099–1102. doi:10.1039/p29930001099