AIDS morbidity and mortality in brazilian children before and after highly active antiretroviral treatment implementation: An assessment of regional trends

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Volumn 30, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 773-777

  Ramos Jr , Alberto Novaes ^a   Matida, Luiza Harunari ^b   Hearst, Norman ^c   Heukelbach, Jorg ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF CEARÁ   (Brazil)

^b STD/AIDS State Program   (Brazil)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

AIDS; Brazil; children; HAART; inequality

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CHILD; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; TREND STUDY;

EID: 85027924700     PISSN: 08913668     EISSN: 15320987     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31821b11ab     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Brady MT, Oleske JM, Williams PL, et al. Declines in mortality rates and changes in causes of death in HIV-1-infected children during the HAART era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53:86-94.
2. Hazra R, Siberry GK, Mofenson LM. Growing up with HIV: children, adolescents, and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV infection. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61:169-185.
3. Violari A, Cotton MF, Gibb DM, et al. Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2233-2244.
4. Palladino C, Bellon JM, Jarrin I, et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on AIDS and death in a cohort of vertically HIV type 1-infected children: 1980-2006. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009;25: 1091-1097.
5. Mofenson LM. Prevention in neglected subpopulations: prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 50(suppl 3):S130-S148.
6. Coovadia HM, Schaller JG. HIV/AIDS in children: a disaster in the making. Lancet. 2008;372:271-273. (Pubitemid 352020423)
7. Goetghebuer T, Haelterman E, Le Chenadec J, et al. Effect of early antiretroviral therapy on the risk of AIDS/death in HIV-infected infants. AIDS. 2009;23:597-604.
8. Patel K, Hernan MA, Williams PL, et al. Long-term effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the survival of children and adolescents with HIV infection: a 10-year follow-up study. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:507-515. (Pubitemid 351263487)
9. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organization (WHO). AIDS epidemic update: November 2009. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS, WHO; 2009. Available at: http://data. unaids.org/pub/Report/2009/JC1700- Epi-Update-2009-en.pdf.
10. Spensley A, Sripipatana T, Turner AN, et al. Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in resource-limited settings: the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation experience. Am J Public Health. 2009;99:631-637.
11. Tess BH, Rodrigues LC, Newell ML, et al. Breastfeeding, genetic, obstetric and other risk factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Sao Paulo Collaborative Study for Vertical Transmission of HIV-1. AIDS. 1998;12:513-520. (Pubitemid 28116161)
12. Menezes Succi RC. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Brazil during the years 2000 and 2001: results of a multi-centric study. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(suppl 3):S379-S389.
13. Matida LH, da Silva MH, Tayra A, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in São Paulo State, Brazil: an update. AIDS. 2005; 19(suppl 4):S37-S41. (Pubitemid 41668985)
14. Ramos AN Jr, Matida LH, Saraceni V, et al. Control of mother-to-child transmission of infectious diseases in Brazil: progress in HIV/AIDS and failure in congenital syphilis. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(suppl 3):S370-S378.
15. Bastos FI, Caceres C, Galvao J, et al. AIDS in Latin America: assessing the current status of the epidemic and the ongoing response. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37:729-737.
16. Fonseca MG, Bastos FI. Twenty-five years of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil: principal epidemiological findings, 1980-2005. Cad Saude Publica. 2007; 23(suppl 3):S333-S344.
17. Hacker MA, Kaida A, Hogg RS, et al. The first ten years: achievements and challenges of the Brazilian program of universal access to HIV/AIDS comprehensive management and care, 1996-2006. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(suppl 3):S345-S359.
18. Nunn AS, da Fonseca EM, Bastos FI, et al. AIDS treatment in Brazil: impacts and challenges. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28:1103-1113.
19. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento Nacional de DST, Aids e Hepatites Virais. Boletim Epidemiológico AIDSDST. Brasília, Brazil: Ministério da Saúde; 2009.
20. Brazilian Ministry of Health, Health Surveillance Secretariat. STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Department. Targets and commitments made by member-states at the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS UNGASS-HIV/AIDS: Brazilian response 2008-2009. Country progress report. Brasília, Brazil: MS; 2010. Available at: http://data.unaids. org/pub/Report/2010/brazil-2010-country-progress-report-en.pdf.
21. Matida LH, Ramos AN Jr, Moncau JE, et al. AIDS by mother-to-child transmission: survival analysis of cases followed from 1983 to 2002 in different regions of Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(suppl 3):S435-S444.
22. Matida LH, Ramos AN Jr, Heukelbach J, et al. Continuing improvement in survival for children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Brazil. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:920-922.
23. Matida LH, Ramos AN Jr, Heukelbach J, et al. Improving survival in children with AIDS in Brazil: results of the second national study, 1999-.2002. Cad Saude Publica. In press.
24. Silveira MF, Santos IS, Victora CG. Poverty, skin colour and HIV infection: a case-control study from southern Brazil. AIDS Care. 2008;20:267-272. (Pubitemid 351451240)
25. Fonseca MG, Coeli CM, de Fatima de Araujo Lucena F, et al. Accuracy of a probabilistic record linkage strategy applied to identify deaths among cases reported to the Brazilian AIDS surveillance database. Cad Saude Publica. 2010;26:1431-1438.
26. Ramos AN Jr, Matida L, Hearst N, et al. AIDS in Brazilian children: history, surveillance, antiretroviral therapy and epidemiological transition, 1984-2008. AIDS Patient Care STD. 2011;25:245-255.
27. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Nizam A, et al. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Duxbury Press; 2007.
28. Sousa A, Hill K, Dal Poz MR. Sub-national assessment of inequality trends in neonatal and child mortality in Brazil. Int J Equity Health. 2010;9:21.
29. Victora CG, Matijasevich A, Silveira M, et al. Socio-economic and ethnic group inequities in antenatal care quality in the public and private sector in Brazil. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25:253-261.
30. Hacker MA, Leite I, Friedman SR, et al. Poverty, bridging between injecting drug users and the general population, and "interiorization" may explain the spread of HIV in southern Brazil. Health Place. 2010;15:514-519.
31. Bello G, Passaes CP, Guimarães ML, et al. Origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil. AIDS. 2008;22:1993-2000.
32. Tornatore M, Gonçalves CV, Mendoza-Sassi RA, et al. HIV-1 vertical transmission in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Int J STD AIDS. 2010;21: 351-355.
33. Renjifo B, Gilbert P, Chaplin B, et al. Preferential in-utero transmission of HIV-1 subtype C as compared to HIV-1 subtype A or D. AIDS. 2004;18: 1629-1636. (Pubitemid 39095779)
34. Okie S. Fighting HIV-lessons from Brazil. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1977-1981.
35. Barcellos C, Acosta LM, Lisboa E, et al. Surveillance of mother-to-child HIV transmission: socioeconomic and health care coverage indicators. Rev Saude Publica. 2009;43:1006-1014.
36. Aquino R, de Oliveira NF, Barreto ML. Impact of the family health program on infant mortality in Brazilian municipalities. Am J Public Health. 2009;99:87-93.
37. Veloso VG, Bastos FI, Portela MC, et al. HIV rapid testing as a key strategy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 2010;44:803-811.
38. Szwarcwald CL, Barbosa Junior A, Souza-Junior PR, et al. HIV testing during pregnancy: use of secondary data to estimate 2006 test coverage and prevalence in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis. 2008;12:167-172.
39. Matida LH, Marcopito LF, Succi RC, et al. Improving survival among Brazilian children with perinatally-acquired AIDS. Braz J Infect Dis. 2004;8:419-423.
40. Victora CG, Vaughan JP, Barros FC, et al. Explaining trends in inequities: evidence from Brazilian child health studies. Lancet. 2000;356:1093-1098.
41. Antunes JL, Waldman EA, Borrell C. Is it possible to reduce AIDS deaths without reinforcing socioeconomic inequalities in health? Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34:586-592. (Pubitemid 40852574)