A semianalytical ocean color inversion algorithm with explicit water column depth and substrate reflectance parameterization

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 120, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 1741-1770

  McKinna, Lachlan I W ^a,b   Fearns, Peter R C ^b   Weeks, Scarla J ^c   Werdell, P Jeremy ^a   Reichstetter, Martina ^c   Franz, Bryan A ^a   Shea, Donald M ^a,d   Feldman, Gene C ^a  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^d SAIC FREDERICK INC   (United States)

Author keywords

benthic reflectance; geometric depth; Great Barrier Reef; inherent optical properties; optically shallow; remote sensing

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; BACKSCATTER; CORRECTION; GEOMETRY; MODIS; OCEAN COLOR; PARAMETERIZATION; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; REFLECTANCE; REMOTE SENSING; SEAFLOOR; SUBSTRATE; WATER COLUMN;

AUSTRALIA; CORAL SEA; GREAT BARRIER REEF; QUEENSLAND;

EID: 85027923290     PISSN: 21699275     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JC010224     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Ahmad, Z., B. A. Franz, C. R. McClain, E. J. Kwiatkowska, J. Werdell, E. P. Shettle, and, B. N. Holben, (2010), New aerosol models for the retrieval of aerosol optical thickness and normalized water-leaving radiances from the SeaWiFS and MODIS sensors over coastal regions and open oceans, Appl. Opt., 49 (29), 5545-5560, doi: 10.1364/AO.49.005545.
2. Amante, C., and, B. W. Eakins, (2009), ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, data sources and analysis, NOAA Tech. Memo. NESDIS NGDC-24, NOAA, Dep. of Commer., Boulder, Colo.
3. Antoine, D., D. A. Siegel, T. Kostadinov, S. Maritorena, N. B. Nelson, B. Gentili, V. Vellucci, and, N. Guillocheaub, (2011), Variability in optical particle backscattering in contrasting bio-optical oceanic regimes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56 (3), 955-973.
4. Bailey, S. W., B. A. Franz, and, P. J. Werdell, (2010), Estimation of near-infrared water-leaving reflectance for satellite ocean color data processing, Opt. Express, 18 (7), 7521-7527, doi: 10.1364/OE.18.007521.
5. Barnes, B. B., C. Hu, B. A. Schaeffer, Z. Lee, D. A. Palandro, and, J. C. Lehrter, (2013), MODIS-derived spatiotemporal water clarity patterns in optically shallow Florida Keys waters: A new approach to remove bottom contamination, Remote Sens. Environ., 134, 377-391, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2013.03.016.
6. Barnes, B. B., C. Hu, J. P. Cannizzaro, S. E. Craig, P. Hallock, D. L. Jones, J. C. Lehrter, N. Melo, B. A. Schaeffer, and, R. Zepp, (2014), Estimation of diffuse attenuation of ultraviolet light in optically shallow Florida Keys waters from MODIS measurements, Remote Sens. Environ., 140, 519-532, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2013.09.024.
7. Beaman, R. J., (2010), Project 3DGBR: A high-resolution depth model for the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility (MTSRF), Project 2.5i.1a, final report, 100 pp., Reef and Rainforest Research Centre (RRRC), Cairns, Queensland, Australia. [Available at http://e-atlas.org.au/content/gbr-jcu-bathymetry-gbr.]
8. Bierwirth, P. N., T. J. Lee, and, R. V. Burne, (1993), Shallow sea-floor reflectance and water depth derived by unmixing multispectral imagery, Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., 59 (3), 331-338.
9. Blondeau-Patissier, D., V. E. Brando, K. Oubelkheir, A. G. Dekker, L. A. Clementson, and, P. Daniel, (2009), Bio-optical variability of the absorption and scattering properties of the Queensland inshore and reef waters, Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C05003, doi: 10.1029/2008JC005039.
10. Brando, V. E., J. M. Anstee, M. Wettle, A. G. Dekker, S. R. Phinn, and, C. Roelfsema, (2009), A physics based retrieval and quality assessment of bathymetry from suboptimal hyperspectral data, Remote Sens. Environ., 113 (4), 755-770, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2008.12.003.
11. Brando, V. E., T. Schroeder, D. Blondeau-Patissier, L. A. Clementson, and, A. G. Dekker, (2011), Reef rescue marine monitoring program: Using remote sensing for GBR wide water quality, Final report for 2010/11 activities, final report, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
12. Brando, V. E., A. G. Dekker, Y. J. Park, and, T. Schroeder, (2012), Adaptive semianalytical inversion of ocean color radiometry in optically complex waters, Appl. Opt., 51 (15), 2808-2833, doi: 10.1364/AO.51.002808.
13. Bricaud, A., A. Morel, and, L. Prieur, (1981), Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea (yellow substance) in the UV and visible domains, Limnol. Oceanogr., 26 (1), 45-53.
14. Bricaud, A., A. Morel, M. Babin, K. Allali, and, H. Claustre, (1998), Variations of light absorption by suspended particles with chlorophyll a concentration in oceanic (case 1) waters: Analysis and implications for bio-optical models, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C13), 31,033-31,044, doi: 10.1029/98JC02712.
15. Brodie, J. E., F. J. Kroon, B. Schaffelke, E. C. Wolanski, S. E. Lewis, M. J. Devlin, I. C. Bohnet, Z. T. Bainbridge, J. Waterhouse, and, A. M. Davis, (2012), Terrestrial pollutant runoff to the Great Barrier Reef: An update of issues, priorities and management responses, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 65 (4-9), 81-100, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.12.012.
16. Cannizzaro, J. P., and, K. L. Carder, (2006), Estimating chlorophyll a concentrations from remote-sensing reflectance in optically shallow waters, Remote Sens. Environ., 101 (1), 13-24, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2005.12.002.
17. Carder, K. L., F. R. Chen, Z. P. Lee, S. K. Hawes, and, D. Kamykowski, (1999), Semianalytic moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer algorithms for chlorophyll a and absorption with bio-optical domains based on nitrate-depletion temperatures, J. Geophys. Res., 104 (C3), 5403-5421, doi: 10.1029/1998JC900082.
18. Choukroun, S., P. V. Ridd, R. Brinkman, and, L. I. W. McKinna, (2010), On the surface circulation in the western Coral Sea and residence times in the Great Barrier Reef, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C06013, doi: 10.1029/2009JC005761.
19. Ciotti, A. M., and, A. Bricaud, (2006), Retrievals of a size parameter for phytoplankton and spectral light absorption by colored detrital matter from water-leaving radiances at SeaWiFS channels in a continental shelf region off Brazil, Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 4, 237-253.
20. Dekker, A. G., et al. (2011), Intercomparison of shallow water bathymetry, hydro-optics, and benthos mapping techniques in Australian and Caribbean coastal environments, Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 9, 396-425, doi: 10.4319/lom.2011.9.396.
21. Devlin, M., and, B. Schaffelke, (2009), Spatial extent of riverine flood plumes and exposure of marine ecosystems in the Tully coastal region, Great Barrier Reef, Mar. Freshwater Res., 60 (11), 1109-1122, doi: 10.1071/MF08343.
22. Devlin, M., L. W. McKinna, J. G. Álvarez-Romero, C. Petus, B. Abott, P. Harkness, and, J. Brodie, (2012), Mapping the pollutants in surface riverine flood plume waters in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 65 (4-9), 224-235, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.03.001.
23. Dierssen, H. M., R. C. Zimmerman, R. A. Leathers, T. V. Downes, and, C. O. Davis, (2003), Ocean color remote sesning of seagrass and bathymetry in the Bahamas Banks by high-resolution airborne imagery, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48 (1, part 2), 444-455.
24. Doerffer, R., and, H. Schiller, (2007), The MERIS Case 2 water algorithm, Int. J. Remote Sens., 28 (3-4), 517-535, doi: 10.1080/01431160600821127.
25. Egbert, G. D., and, S. Y. Erofeeva, (2002), Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 183-204.
26. ESRI (2011), ArcGIS Desktop Release 10, edited, Environ. Syst. Res. Inst., Environ. Res. Syst., Redlands, Calif.
27. Fabricius, K. E., M. Logan, S. Weeks, and, J. Brodie, (2014), The effects of river run-off on water clarity across the central Great Barrier Reef, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 84, 191-200, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.012.
28. Fearns, P. R. C., W. Klonowski, R. C. Babcock, P. England, and, J. Phillips, (2011), Shallow water substrate mapping using hyperspectral remote sensing, Cont. Shelf Res., 31 (12), 1249-1259, doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2011.04.005.
29. Garcia, R. A., P. R. C. S. Fearns, and, L. I. W. McKinna, (2014a), Detecting trend and seasonal changes in bathymetry derived from HICO imagery: A case study of Shark Bay, Western Australia, Remote Sens. Environ., 147, 186-205, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.010.
30. Garcia, R. A., L. I. W. McKinna, J. D. Hedley, and, P. R. C. S. Fearns, (2014b), Improving the optimization for a semi-analytical shallow water inversion model in the presence of spectrally correlated noise, Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 12, 651-669, doi: 10.4319/lom.2014.12.651.
31. Goodman, J., and, S. L. Ustin, (2007), Classification of benthic composition in a coral reef environment using spectral unmixing, J. Appl. Remote Sens., 1 (1), 011501, doi: 10.1117/1.2815907.
32. Gordon, H. R., O. B. Brown, R. H. Evans, J. W. Brown, R. C. Smith, K. S. Baker, and, D. K. Clark, (1988), A semianalytic radiance model of ocean color, J. Geophys. Res., 93 (D9), 10,909-10,924, doi: 10.1029/JD093iD09p10909.
33. Hedley, J. D., C. Roelfsema, and, S. R. Phinn, (2009), Efficient radiative transfer model inversion for remote sensing applications, Remote Sens. Environ., 113 (11), 2527-2532, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.008.
34. Hedley, J. D., C. M. Roelfsema, S. R. Phinn, and, P. J. Mumby, (2012), Environmental and sensor limitations in optical remote sensing of coral reefs: Implications for monitoring and sensor design, Remote Sens., 4 (1), 271-302.
35. Hochberg, E. J., M. J. Atkinson, and, S. Andréfouët, (2003), Spectral reflectance of coral reef bottom-types worldwide and implications for coral reef remote sensing, Remote Sens. Environ., 85 (2), 159-173, doi: 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00201-8.
36. IOCCG (2000), Remote sensing of ocean colour in coastal and other optically-complex waters, Report No. 3, IOCCG, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
37. IOCCG (2006), Remote sensing of inherent optical properties: Fundamentals, tests of algorithms and applications, Report No. 5, IOCCG, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
38. Jolliff, J. K., J. C. Kindle, I. Shulman, B. Penta, M. A. M. Friedrichs, R. Helber, and, R. A. Arnone, (2009), Summary diagrams for coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model skill assessment, J. Mar. Syst., 76 (1-2), 64-82, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.014.
39. Klonowski, W. M., P. R. Fearns, and, M. J. Lynch, (2007), Retrieving key benthic cover types and bathymetry from hyperspectral imagery, J. Appl. Remote Sens., 1 (1), 011505, doi: 10.1117/1.2816113.
40. Lee, Z., and, K. L. Carder, (2002), Effect of spectral band numbers on the retrieval of water column and bottom properties from ocean color data, Appl. Opt., 41 (12), 2191-2201, doi: 10.1364/AO.41.002191.
41. Lee, Z., K. L. Carder, C. D. Mobley, R. G. Steward, and, J. S. Patch, (1998), Hyperspectral remote sensing for shallow waters. I. A semianalytical model, Appl. Opt., 37 (27), 6329-6338, doi: 10.1364/AO.37.006329.
42. Lee, Z., K. L. Carder, C. D. Mobley, R. G. Steward, and, J. S. Patch, (1999), Hyperspectral remote sensing for shallow waters. 2. Deriving bottom depths and water properties by optimization, Appl. Opt., 38 (18), 3831-3843, doi: 10.1364/AO.38.003831.
43. Lee, Z., K. L. Carder, R. F. Chen, and, T. G. Peacock, (2001), Properties of the water column and bottom derived from Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (C6), 11,639-11,651, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000554.
44. Lee, Z., K. L. Carder, and, R. A. Arnone, (2002), Deriving inherent optical properties from water color: A multiband quasi-analytical algorithm for optically deep waters, Appl. Opt., 41 (27), 5755-5772, doi: 10.1364/AO.41.005755.
45. Lee, Z., K. Du, and, R. Arnone, (2005), A model for the diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C02016, doi: 10.1029/2004JC002275.
46. Lee, Z., C. Hu, B. Casey, S. Shang, H. Dierssen, and, R. Arnone, (2010), Global shallow water bathymetry from satellite ocean color data, Eos Trans. AGU, 91 (46), 429-430, doi: 10.1029/2010EO460002.
47. Leiper, I., S. Phinn, and, A. G. Dekker, (2011), Spectral reflectance of coral reef benthos and substrate assemblages on Heron Reef, Australia, Int. J. Remote Sens. 33 (12), 3946-3965, doi: 10.1080/01431161.2011.637675.
48. Lesser, M. P., and, C. D. Mobley, (2007), Bathymetry, water optical properties, and benthic classification of coral reefs using hyperspectral remote sensing imagery, Coral Reefs, 26 (4), 819-829, doi: 10.1007/s00338-007-0271-5.
49. Louchard, E. M., R. P. Reid, F. C. Stephens, C. O. Daviss, R. A. LEathers, and, T. V. Downes, (2003), Optical remote sensing of benthic habitats and bathymetry in coastal environments at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas: A comparative spectra classification approach, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48 (1, part 2), 511-551.
50. Lourakis, M. I. A., (2003), Levmar: Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares algorithm in C/C++. [Available at http://www.ics.forth.gr/~lourakis/levmar/.]
51. Lyzenga, D. R., (1978), Passive remote sensing techniques for mapping water depth and bottom features, Appl. Opt., 17 (3), 379-383, doi: 10.1364/AO.17.000379.
52. Maritorena, S., A. Morel, and, B. Gentili, (1994), Diffuse relfectance of oceanic shallow waters: Influence of water depth and bottom albedo, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39 (7), 1689-1703.
53. Maritorena, S., D. A. Siegel, and, A. R. Peterson, (2002), Optimization of a semianalytical ocean color model for global-scale applications, Appl. Opt., 41 (15), 2705-2714, doi: 10.1364/AO.41.002705.
54. Matthews, E. J., A. D. Heap, and, M. Woods, (2007), Inter-Reefal Seabed Sediments and Geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef, A Spatial Analysis, Record 2007/09, edited, p. 140, Geosci. Aust., Canberra.
55. McClain, C. R., (2009), A decade of satellite ocean color observations, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1 (1), 19-42, doi: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163650.
56. Mitchell, B. G., (1990), Algorithms for determining the absorption coefficient for aquatic particulates using the quantitative filter technique, Proc. SPIE Soc. Opt. Eng., 1302, 137-148.
57. Mitchell, B. G., M. M. Kahru, J. Wieland, and, M. Stramska, (2002), Determination of spectral absorption coefficients of particles, dissolved material and phytoplankton for discrete water samples, in Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, TM-2003-211621, Rev. 4, vol IV, edited by, J. L. Mueller, G. S. Fargion, and, C. R. McClain, pp. 39-64, NASA, Greenbelt, Md.
58. Mobley, C. D., and, L. K. Sundman, (2003), Effects of optically shallow bottoms on upwelling radiances: Inhomogeneous and sloping bottoms, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48 (1, part 2), 329-336.
59. Mobley, C. D., and, L. K. Sundman, (2008), Hydrolight 5 Ecolight 5 Users' Guide, Sequoia Sci., Bellvue, Wash.
60. Mobley, C. D., et al. (2005), Interpretation of hyperspectral remote-sensing imagery by spectrum matching and look-up tables, Appl. Opt., 44 (17), 3576-3592, doi: 10.1364/AO.44.003576.
61. Moré, J. J., (1977), The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm: Implementation and theory, in Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 630, edited by, G. A. Watson, pp. 105-116, Springer, Berlin.
62. Morel, A., D. Antoine, and, B. Gentili, (2002), Bidirectional reflectance of oceanic waters: Accounting for Raman emission and varying particle scattering phase function, Appl. Opt., 41 (30), 6289-6306, doi: 10.1364/AO.41.006289.
63. Mueller, J. L., R. W. Austin, A. Andre Morel, G. S. Fargion, and, C. R. McClain, (2003), Introduction, background and conventions, in Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, TM-2003-211621, Rev. 4, vol. I, edited by J. L. Mueller, G. S. Fargion, and C. R. McClain, NASA, Greenbelt, Md.
64. NASA (2012), Pre-Aerosol, Clouds, and Ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Mission, Science Definition Team Report, report, NASA, Greenbelt, Md. [Available at http://decadal.gsfc.nasa.gov/pace.html.]
65. O'Reilly, J. E., S. Maritorena, B. G. Mitchell, D. A. Siegel, K. L. Carder, S. A. Garver, M. Kahru, and, C. McClain, (1998), Ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for SeaWiFS, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C11), 24,937-24,953, doi: 10.1029/98JC02160.
66. Orpin, A. R., and, P. V. Ridd, (2012), Exposure of inshore corals to suspended sediments due to wave-resuspension and river plumes in the central Great Barrier Reef: A reappraisal, Cont. Shelf Res., 47, 55-67, doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2012.06.013.
67. Petus, C., E. T. da Silva, M. Devlin, A. S. Wenger, and, J. G. Álvarez-Romero, (2014), Using MODIS data for mapping of water types within river plumes in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: Towards the production of river plume risk maps for reef and seagrass ecosystems, J. Environ. Manage., 137, 163-177, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.050.
68. Philpot, W. D., (1987), Radiative transfer in stratified waters: A single-scattering approximation for irradiance, Appl. Opt., 26 (19), 4123-4132, doi: 10.1364/AO.26.004123.
69. Philpot, W. D., (1989), Bathymetric mapping with passive multispectral imagery, Appl. Opt., 28 (8), 1569-1578, doi: 10.1364/AO.28.001569.
70. Pitcher, C. R., et al. (2007), Seabed biodiversity on the continental shelf of the Great Barrier Reef world heritage area, AIMS/CSIRO/QM/QDPI/CRC Reef Research Task Final Report, final report, 320 pp., CSIRO Mar. and Atmos. Res., Cleveland, QLD, Australia.
71. Pope, R. M., and, E. S. Fry, (1997), Absorption spectrum (380-700 nm) of pure water. II. Integrating cavity measurements, Appl. Opt., 36 (33), 8710-8723, doi: 10.1364/AO.36.008710.
72. Qin, Y., V. E. Brando, A. G. Dekker, and, D. Blondeau-Patissier, (2007), Validity of SeaDAS water constituents retrieval algorithms in Australian tropical coastal waters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21603, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030599.
73. Reichstetter, M., L. McKinna, P. Fearns, S. Weeks, C. Roelfsema, and, M. Furnas, (2014), Seafloor brightness map of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, derived from biodiversity data, PANGAEA, doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.835979.
74. Roelfsema, C. M., and, S. R. Phinn, (2012), Spectral reflectance library of selected biotic and abiotic coral reef features in Heron Reef, PANGAEA, doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.804589.
75. Roesler, C. S., M. J. Perry, and, K. L. Carder, (1989), Modeling in situ phytoplankton absorption from total absorption spectra in productive inland marine waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34 (8), 1510-1523.
76. Schroeder, T., M. J. Devlin, V. E. Brando, A. G. Dekker, J. E. Brodie, L. A. Clementson, and, L. McKinna, (2012), Inter-annual variability of wet season freshwater plume extent into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon based on satellite coastal ocean colour observations, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 65 (4-9), 210-223, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.022.
77. Smyth, T. J., G. F. Moore, T. Hirata, and, J. Aiken, (2006), Semianalytical model for the derivation of ocean color inherent optical properties: Description, implementation, and performance assessment, Appl. Opt., 45 (31), 8116-8131, doi: 10.1364/AO.45.008116.
78. Stumpf, R. P., K. Holderied, and, M. Sinclair, (2003), Determination of water depth with high resolution satellite imagery over variable bottom types, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48 (1, part 2), 546-556.
79. Taylor, K. E., (2001), Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D7), 7183-7192, doi: 10.1029/2000JD900719.
80. Twardowski, M. S., E. Boss, J. M. Sullivan, and, P. L. Donaghay, (2004), Modeling the spectral shape of absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter, Mar. Chem., 89 (1-4), 69-88, doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.008.
81. Weeks, S., P. J. Werdell, B. Schaffelke, M. Canto, Z. Lee, J. Wilding, and, G. Feldman, (2012), Satellite-derived photic depth on the Great Barrier Reef: Spatio-temporal patterns of water clarity, Remote Sens., 4 (12), 3781-3795.
82. Werdell, P. J., and, C. S. Roesler, (2003), Remote assessment of benthic substrate composition in shallow waterws using multispectral reflectance, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48 (1, part 2), 557-567.
83. Werdell, P. J., B. A. Franz, and, S. W. Bailey, (2010), Evaluation of shortwave infrared atmospheric correction for ocean color remote sensing of Chesapeake Bay, Remote Sens. Environ., 114, 2238-2247, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2010.04.027.
84. Werdell, P. J., et al. (2013a), Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties, Appl. Opt., 52 (10), 2019-2037, doi: 10.1364/AO.52.002019.
85. Werdell, P. J., B. A. Franz, J. T. Lefler, W. D. Robinson, and, E. Boss, (2013b), Retrieving marine inherent optical properties from satellites using temperature and salinity-dependent backscattering by seawater, Opt. Express, 21 (26), 32,611-32,622, doi: 10.1364/OE.21.032611.
86. Westberry, T. K., E. Boss, and, Z. Lee, (2013), Influence of Raman scattering on ocean color inversion models, Appl. Opt., 52 (22), 5552-5561, doi: 10.1364/AO.52.005552.
87. Wettle, M., and, V. E. Brando, (2006), SAMBUCA-Semi-analytical model for Bathymetry, un-mixing and concentration assessment, CSIRO Land and Water Science Report No. 22/06, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
88. Zhang, X., L. Hu, and, M.-X. He, (2009), Scattering by pure seawater: Effect of salinity, Opt. Express, 17 (7), 5698-5710, doi: 10.1364/OE.17.005698.
89. Zhao, J., B. Barnes, N. Melo, D. English, B. Lapointe, F. Muller-Karger, B. Schaeffer, and, C. Hu, (2013), Assessment of satellite-derived diffuse attenuation coefficients and euphotic depths in south Florida coastal waters, Remote Sens. Environ., 131, 38-50, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.009.