Excitation-wavelength-dependent small polaron trapping of photoexcited carriers in α-Fe2O3

Nature Materials

Volumn 16, Issue 8, 2017, Pages 819-825

  Carneiro, Lucas M ^a,b   Cushing, Scott K ^a,b   Liu, Chong ^a,e   Su, Yude ^a   Yang, Peidong ^a,b,c,d   Alivisatos, A Paul ^a,b,c,d   Leone, Stephen R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c University of California Berkeley   (United States)

^d Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute   (United States)

^e HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEMATITE; METALS;

EXCITATION WAVELENGTH; EXPONENTIAL RELAXATION; EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET; METAL-OXIDE PHOTOCATALYSTS; PHOTOCONVERSION EFFICIENCY; PHOTOEXCITED CARRIERS; PHOTOEXCITED STATE; SPECTRAL SIGNATURE;

POLARONS;

EID: 85026397921     PISSN: 14761122     EISSN: 14764660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nmat4936     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Lin, Y., Yuan, G., Sheehan, S., Zhou, S., Wang, D. Hematite-based solar water splitting: Challenges and opportunities. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 4862-4869 (2011).
2. Sivula, K., Le Formal, F., Grätzel, M. Solar water splitting: Progress using hematite (-Fe2O3) photoelectrodes. Chem Sus Chem 4, 432-449 (2011).
3. Tamirat, A. G., Rick, J., Dubale, A. A., Su, W. N., Hwang, B. J. Using hematite for photoelectrochemical water splitting: A review of current progress and challenges. Nanosc. Horiz. 1, 243-267 (2016).
4. Cherepy, N. J., Liston, D. B., Lovejoy, J. A., Deng, H., Zhang, J. Z. Ultrafast studies of photoexcited electron dynamics in-A nd-Fe2O3 semiconductor nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 770-776 (1998).
5. Barroso, M., Pendlebury, S. R., Cowan, A. J., Durrant, J. R. Charge carrier trapping, recombination and transfer in hematite (-Fe2O3) water splitting photoanodes. Chem. Sci. 4, 2724-2734 (2013).
6. Pendlebury, S. R. et al. Ultrafast charge carrier recombination and trapping in hematite photoanodes under applied bias. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 9854-9857 (2014).
7. Sorenson, S., Driscoll, E., Haghighat, S., Dawlaty, J. M. Ultrafast carrier dynamics in hematite films: The role of photoexcited electrons in the transient optical response. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 23621-23626 (2014).
8. Joly, A. G. et al. Carrier dynamics in-Fe2O3 (0001) thin films and single crystals probed by femtosecond transient absorption and reflectivity. J. Appl. Phys. 99, 053521 (2006).
9. Fitzmorris, B. C. et al. Ultrafast transient absorption studies of hematite nanoparticles: The effect of particle shape on exciton dynamics. Chem Sus Chem 6, 1907-1914 (2013).
10. Nadtochenko, V. A. et al. Femtosecond relaxation of photoexcited states in nanosized semiconductor particles of iron oxides. Russ. Chem. Bull. Int. Ed. 51, 457-461 (2002).
11. LeFormal, F. et al. Back electron-hole recombination in hematite photoanodes for water splitting. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 2564-2574 (2014).
12. Braun, A. et al. Direct observation of two electron holes in a hematite photoanode during photoelectrochemical water splitting. J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 16870-16875 (2012).
13. Zandi, O., Hamann, T.W. The potential versus current state of water splitting with hematite. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 22485-22503 (2015).
14. Gui, Q. et al. Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays by surface passivation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 17053-17058 (2014).
15. Cesar, I., Sivula, K., Kay, A., Zboril, R., Grätzel, M. Influence of feature size, film thickness, and silicon doping on the performance of nanostructured hematite photoanodes for solar water splitting. J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 772-782 (2008).
16. Sivula, K. Metal oxide photoelectrodes for solar fuel production, surface traps, and catalysis. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 1624-1633 (2013).
17. Ling, Y., Li, Y. Review of Sn-doped hematite nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 31, 1113-1121 (2014).
18. Shen, S., Lindley, S. A., Chen, X., Zhang, J. Z. Hematite heterostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting: Rational materials design and charge carrier dynamics. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 2744-2775 (2016).
19. Rettie, A. J., Chemelewski, W. D., Emin, D., Mullins, C. B. Unravelling small-polaron transport in metal oxide photoelectrodes. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7, 471-479 (2016).
20. Warren, S. C. Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production 293-316 (Springer, 2012).
21. Emin, D. Condensed Matter Physics 16-34 (Springer, 1987).
22. Ge, N. H. et al. Femtosecond dynamics of electron localization at interfaces. Science 279, 202-205 (1998).
23. Wang, T., Caraiani, C., Burg, G.W., Chan, W. L. From two-dimensional electron gas to localized charge: Dynamics of polaron formation in organic semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B 91, 041201 (2015).
24. Muntwiler, M., Zhu, X. Y. Formation of two-dimensional polarons that are absent in three-dimensional crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 246801 (2007).
25. Katz, J. E. et al. Electron small polarons and their mobility in iron (oxyhydr) oxide nanoparticles. Science 337, 1200-1203 (2012).
26. Vura-Weis, J. et al. Femtosecond M23-edge spectroscopy of transition-metal oxides: Photoinduced oxidation state change in-Fe2O3. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 3667-3671 (2013).
27. Bosman, A. J., Van Daal, H. J. Small-polaron versus band conduction in some transition-metal oxides. Adv. Phys. 19, 1-117 (1970).
28. De Groot, F., Kotani, A. Core Level Spectroscopy of Solids 133-142 (CRC, 2008).
29. Stavitski, E., de Groot, F. M. F. The CTM4XAS program for EELS and XAS spectral shape analysis of transition metal L edges. Micron 41, 687-694 (2010).
30. Wang, Z., Bevan, K. H. Exploring the impact of semicore level electronic relaxation on polaron dynamics: An adiabatic ab initio study of FePO4. Phys. Rev. B 93, 024303 (2016).
31. Tränkle, G. et al. Dimensionality dependence of the band-gap renormalization in two-A nd three-dimensional electron-hole plasmas in GaAs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 419-422 (1987).
32. Rethfeld, B., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Von Der Linde, D., Anisimov, S. I. Timescales in the response of materials to femtosecond laser excitation. Appl. Phys. A 79, 767-769 (2004).
33. Stampfli, P., Bennemann, K. H. Theory for the laser-induced femtosecond phase transition of silicon and GaAs. Appl. Phys. A 60, 191-196 (1995).
34. Bennett, B. R., Soref, R. A., Del Alamo, J. A. Carrier-induced change in refractive index of InP, GaAs and InGaAsP. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 26, 113-122 (1990).
35. Rose-Petruck, C. et al. Picosecond-milliångström lattice dynamics measured by ultrafast X-ray di-raction. Nature 398, 310-312 (1999).
36. Santomauro, F. G. et al. Femtosecond X-ray absorption study of electron localization in photoexcited anatase TiO2. Sci. Rep. 5, 14834 (2015).
37. Van Driel, H. M. Kinetics of high-density plasmas generated in Si by 1.06-A nd 0.53-m picosecond laser pulses. Phys. Rev. B 35, 8166-8176 (1987).
38. Becker, P. C. et al. Femtosecond intervalley scattering in GaAs. Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 2089-2090 (1988).
39. Lin, W. Z., Schoenlein, R.W., Fujimoto, J. G., Ippen, E. P. Femtosecond absorption saturation studies of hot carriers in GaAs and AlGaAs. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 24, 267-275 (1988).
40. Fluegel, B. D. et al. Experimental and theoretical investigation of femtosecond carrier relaxation in CdSe. Solid State Commun. 83, 17-19 (1992).
41. Shim, S.-H., Duy, T. S. Raman spectroscopy of Fe2O3 to 62 GPa. Am. Mineral. 87, 318-326 (2001).
42. Jubb, A. M., Allen, H. C. Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of hematite, maghemite, and magnetite thin films produced by vapor deposition. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2, 2804-2812 (2010).
43. Holstein, T. Studies of polaron motion. Ann. Phys., NY 8, 325-342 (1959).
44. Marcus, R. A., Sutin, N. Electron transfers in chemistry and biology. BBA Rev. Bioenerg. 811, 265-322 (1985).
45. Peng, H., Lany, S. Semiconducting transition-metal oxides based on d5 cations: Theory for MnO and Fe2O3. Phys. Rev. B 85, 201202 (2012).
46. Sturman, B., Podivilov, E., Gorkunov, M. Origin of stretched exponential relaxation for hopping-transport models. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 176602 (2003).
47. Merschjann, C., Imlau, M., Brüning, H., Schoke, B., Torbrügge, S. Nonexponential relaxation dynamics of localized carrier densities in oxide crystals without structural or energetic disorder. Phys. Rev. B 84, 052302 (2011).
48. Lin, Y., Zhou, S., Sheehan, S.W., Wang, D. Nanonet-based hematite heteronanostructures for effcient solar water splitting. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 2398-2401 (2011).
49. Gialanella, S. et al. On the goethite to hematite phase transformation. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 102, 867-873 (2010).