Heteronomy in the arts field: state funding and British arts organizations

British Journal of Sociology

Volumn 69, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 23-43

  Alexander, Victoria D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Arts; autonomy heteronomy; cultural fields; cultural policy; neoliberalism; United Kingdom

Indexed keywords

ART; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; GOVERNMENT; HUMAN; HUMANITIES; POLITICS; PRIVATE SECTOR; UNITED KINGDOM;

ART; CAPITAL FINANCING; HUMANITIES; HUMANS; POLITICS; PRIVATE SECTOR; STATE GOVERNMENT; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 85026305094     PISSN: 00071315     EISSN: 14684446     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12283     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Alexander, V.D. 1996a ‘Pictures at an Exhibition: Conflicting Pressures in Museums and the Display of Art’, American Journal of Sociology 101(4): 797–839.
2. Alexander, V.D. 1996b ‘From Philanthropy to Funding: The Effects of Corporate and Public Support on American Art Museums’, Poetics 24(2–4): 89–131.
3. Alexander, V.D. 1999 ‘A Delicate Balance: Museums and the Market-place’, Museum International 51(2): 29–34.
4. Alexander, V.D. 2007 ‘State Support of Artists: The Case of the UK in a New Labour Environment and Beyond’, Journal of Arts Management, Law and Society 37(3): 185–200.
5. Alexander, V.D. 2008 ‘Cultural Organizations and the State: Art and State Support in Contemporary Britain’, Sociology Compass 2(5): 1416–30.
6. Alexander, V.D. 2014 ‘Art and the Twenty-First Century Gift: Corporate Philanthropy and Government Funding in the Cultural Sector’, Anthropological Forum 24(4): 364–80.
7. Alexander, V.D., Hägg, S., Häyrynen, S. and Sevänen, E. (eds) Forthcoming. Art and the Challenge of Markets, Volume 1: National Cultural Politics and the Challenges of Marketization and Globalization, London: Palgrave.
8. Alexander, V.D. and Rueschemeyer, M. 2005 Art and the State: The Visual Arts in Comparative Perspective, London: Palgrave.
9. Allison, G.T. and Zelikow, P. 1999 Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (2nd edn), New York: Addison-Wesley Longman.
10. Appleyard, B. 1984 The Culture Club: Crisis in the Arts, London: Faber and Faber.
11. Ballé, C. 2002 ‘Democratization and Institutional Change: A Challenge for Modern Museums’, in D. Crane, N. Kawashima and K. Kawasaki (eds) Global Culture: Media, Arts, Policy, and Globalization, London: Routledge, 132–45.
12. Beck, A. 1989 ‘The Impact of Thatcherism on the Arts Council’, Parliamentary Affairs 43(3): 362–79.
13. Belfiore, E. 2002 ‘Art as a Means of Alleviating Social Exclusion: Does it Really Work? A Critique of Instrumental Cultural Policies and Social Impact Studies in the UK’, International Journal of Cultural Policy 8(1): 91–106.
14. Belfiore, E. 2004 ‘Auditing Culture’, International Journal of Cultural Policy 10(2): 183–202.
15. Belfiore, E. 2009 ‘On Bullshit in Cultural Policy Practice and Research: Notes from the British Case’, International Journal of Cultural Policy 15(3): 343–59.
16. Belfiore, E. 2012 ‘“Defensive Instrumentalism” and the Legacy of New Labour's Cultural Policies’, Cultural Trends 21(2): 103–11.
17. Belfiore, E. and Bennett, O. 2008 The Social Impact of the Arts: An Intellectual History, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
18. Bennett, O. 1995 ‘Cultural Policy in the United Kingdom: Collapsing Rationales and the End of a Tradition’, International Journal of Cultural Policy 1(2): 199–216.
19. Bishop, M. and Green, M. 2008 Philanthrocapitalism, London: A&C Black.
20. Boorsma, P.B., van Hemel, A., and van der Wielen, N. (eds) 1998 Privatization and Culture: Experiences in the Arts, Heritage and Cultural Industries in Europe, London: Kluwer.
21. Bourdieu, P. 1984 Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
22. Bourdieu, P. 1993 The Field of Cultural Production, Cambridge: Polity.
23. Bourdieu, P. 1995 The Social Structures of the Economy, Cambridge: Polity.
24. Bourdieu, P. 1996a The Rules of Art: The Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
25. Bourdieu, P. 1996b The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power, Cambridge: Polity.
26. Bourdieu, P. 1998a Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action, Cambridge: Polity.
27. Bourdieu, P. 1998b Acts of Resistance: Against the New Myths of our Time, Oxford: Polity.
28. Bourdieu, P. 2003 Firing Back: Against the Tyranny of the Market 2, London: New Press.
29. Bourdieu, P. and Haake, H. 1995 Free Exchange, Oxford: Polity.
30. Bourdieu, P. and Wacquant, L. 1999 ‘On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason’, Theory, Culture & Society 16(1): 41–58.
31. Bourdieu, P. and Wacquant, L. 2001 ‘NewLiberalSpeak: Notes on the New Planetary Vulgate’, Radical Philosophy 105: 2–5.
32. Bryman, A.E. 2004 The Disneyization of Society, London: Sage.
33. Cabinet Office 2010 Giving: Green Paper, London: HM Government.
34. Centeno, M.A. and Cohen, J.N. 2012 ‘The Arc of Neoliberalism’, Annual Review of Sociology 38: 317–40.
35. Chang, H.J. 2010 23 Things They Don't Tell You about Capitalism, London: Penguin.
36. Collini, S. 2012 What Are Universities For? London: Penguin.
37. Crouch, C. 2011 The Strange Non-Death of Neoliberalism, Cambridge: Polity.
38. DiMaggio, P. 1982a ‘Cultural Entrepreneurship in Nineteenth-Century Boston: The Creation of an Organizational Base for High Culture in America’, Media, Culture and Society 4: 33–50.
39. DiMaggio, P. 1982b ‘Cultural Entrepreneurship in Nineteenth-Century Boston, Part II: The Classification and Framing of American Art’, Media, Culture and Society 4: 303–22.
40. DiMaggio, P. 1987 ‘Classification in Art’, American Sociological Review 52: 440–55.
41. DiMaggio, P. 1991 ‘Social Structure, Institutions and Cultural Goods: The Case of the United States’, in P. Bourdieu and J.S. Coleman (eds) Social Theory for a Changing Society, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 133–55.
42. DiMaggio, P.J. and Powell, W.W. 1983 ‘The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields’, American Sociological Review 48: 147–60.
43. Dubin, S.C. 1992 Arresting Images: Impolitic Art and Uncivil Actions, New York: Routledge.
44. Espeland, W.N. and Sauder, M. 2007 ‘Rankings and Reactivity: How Public Measures Recreate Social Worlds’, American Journal of Sociology 113(1): 1–40.
45. Evans, P.B. and Sewell, W.H. Jr 2013 ‘Neoliberalism: Policy Regimes, International Regimes, and Social Effects’, in P.A. Hall and M. Lamont (eds), Social Resilience in the Neoliberal Era, New York: Cambridge University Press, 35–68.
46. Fairclough, N. 2000 New Labour, New Language? London: Routledge.
47. Frank, T. 2000 One Market under God: Extreme Capitalism, Market Populism, and the End of Economic Democracy, New York: Anchor Books.
48. Gibson, L. 2008 ‘In defence of instrumentality’, Cultural Trends 17(4): 247–57.
49. Gill, R. 2010 ‘Breaking the Silence: The Hidden Injuries of the Neoliberal University’, in R. Gill and R. Ryan-Flood (eds) Secrecy and Silence in the Research Process: Feminist Reflections, London: Routledge, 228–44.
50. Gray, C. 2000 The Politics of the Arts in Britain, London: Macmillan.
51. Gray, C. 2007 ‘Commodification and Instrumentality in Cultural Policy’, International Journal of Cultural Policy 13(2): 203–15.
52. Gray, C. 2008 ‘Instrumental Policies: Causes, Consequences, Museums and Galleries’, Cultural Trends 17(4): 209–22.
53. Grenfell, M. 2012 ‘Politics’, in M. Grenfell (ed.) Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts (2nd edn), Durham: Acumen, 250–64.
54. Grenfell, M. and Hardy, C. 2007 Art Rules: Pierre Bourdieu and the Visual Arts, Oxford: Berg.
55. Harvey, D. 2005 A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
56. Hayek, F.A. 1994[1944] The Road to Serfdom, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
57. Heelas, P. and Morris, P. (eds) 1992 The Values of the Enterprise Culture: The Moral Debate, London: Routledge.
58. Hewison, R. 1995 Culture and Consensus: England, Art and Politics since 1940, London: Methuen.
59. Hooper-Greenhill, E. 1988 ‘Counting Visitors or Visitors Who Count?’ in R. Lumley (ed.) The Museum Time Machine, London: Routledge, 211–32.
60. Jenkins, R. 1992 Pierre Bourdieu, London: Routledge.
61. Johnson, C., Dowd, T.J. and Ridgeway C.L. 2006 ‘Legitimacy as a Social Process’, Annual Review of Sociology 32: 53–78.
62. Johnson, R. 1993 ‘Editor's Introduction: Pierre Bourdieu on Art, Literature and Culture’, in P. Bourdieu, The Field of Cultural Production, Oxford: Polity, 1–25.
63. Kidd, D. 2012 ‘Fire in our Bellies, Fear in our Arts’, Contexts 11: 54–5.
64. Levine, L.W. 1988 Highbrow, Lowbrow: The Emergence of a Cultural Hierarchy in America, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
65. Macdonald, S. 2002 Behind the Scenes at the Science Museum, Oxford: Berg.
66. McCarthy, K.F., Ondaatje, E.H., Zakaras, L. and Brooks, A. 2004 Gifts of the Muse: Reframing the Debate about the Benefits of the Arts, Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
67. McGuigan, J. 2005 ‘Neo-Liberalism, Culture and Policy’, International Journal of Cultural Policy 11(3): 229–41.
68. McGuigan, J. 2009 Cool Capitalism, London: Pluto Press.
69. McGuigan, J. 2016 Neoliberal Culture, London: Palgrave.
70. Mclean, F. 1997 Marketing the Museum, London: Routledge.
71. Minihan, J. 1977 The Nationalization of Culture: The Development of State Subsidies to the Arts in Great Britain, New York: New York University Press.
72. Monbiot, G. 2000 Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain, London: Macmillan.
73. Mulcahy, K.V. 2004 ‘A Prolegomenon to Any Future Cultural Policy’, International Conference on Cultural Policy Research, Montreal, Canada, 25–28 August.
74. O'Brien, D. 2014 Cultural Policy: Management, Value and Modernity in the Creative Industries, London: Routledge.
75. O'Neill, M. 2008 ‘Museums, Professionalism and Democracy’, Cultural Trends 17(4): 289–307.
76. Osborne, C. 1986 Giving it Away: Memoirs of a Uncivil Servant, London: Martin Secker & Warburg.
77. Pearson, N.M. 1982 The State and the Visual Arts: A Discussion of State Intervention in the Visual Arts in Britain, 1760–1981, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
78. Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G.R. 2003 The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (2nd edn), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
79. Pick, J. 1991 Vile Jelly: The Birth, Life and Lingering Death of the Arts Council of Great Britain, Harleston: Brynmill Press.
80. Power, M. 1997 The Audit Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
81. Readings, B. 1996 The University in Ruins, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
82. Rees Leahy, H. 2007 ‘New Labour, Old Masters’, Cultural Studies 21(4–5): 695–717.
83. Ritzer, G. 1993 The McDonaldization of Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
84. Rothfield, L. (ed.) 2001 Unsettling ‘Sensation’: Arts-Policy Lessons from the Brooklyn Museum of Art Controversy, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
85. Sandell, R. and Janes, R.R. (eds) 2007 Museum Management and Marketing, London: Routledge.
86. Shockley, G. and McNeely, C.L. 2009 ‘A Seismic Shift in U.S. Federal Arts Policy: A Tale of Organizational Challenge and Controversy in the 1990s’, The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 39(1): 7–23.
87. Smith, K. 2010 ‘Research, Policy and Funding: Academic Treadmills and the Squeeze on Intellectual Spaces’, The British Journal of Sociology 61(1): 176–95.
88. Smith, K. 2012 ‘Fools, Facilitators and Flexians: Academic Identities in Marketised Environments’, Higher Education Quarterly 66(2): 155–73.
89. Thompson, D. 2008 The $12 Million Stuff Shark, London: Aurum.
90. Thomson, P. 2012 ‘Field’, in M. Grenfell (ed.) Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts (2nd edn), Durham: Acumen, 65–80.
91. Toepler, S. and Zimmer, A. 2002 ‘Subsidizing the Arts: Government and the Arts in Western Europe and the United States’ in D. Crane, N. Kawashima and K. Kawasaki (eds) Global Culture: Media, Arts, Policy, and Globalization, London: Routledge, 29–48.
92. Trnka, S. and Trundle, C. 2014 ‘Competing Responsibilities: Moving beyond Neoliberal Responsibilisation’, Anthropological Forum 24(2): 136–53.
93. Tuchman, G. 2009 Wannabe U: Inside the Corporate University, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
94. Upchurch, A. 2004 ‘John Maynard Keynes, the Bloomsbury Group, and Origins of the Arts Council Movement’, International Journal of Cultural Policy 10(2): 203–17.
95. Wacquant, L.J.D. 1989 ‘Towards a Reflexive Sociology: A Workshop with Pierre Bourdieu’, Sociological Theory 7(1): 26–63.
96. West, C. and Smith, C.H.F. 2005 ‘“We Are Not a Government Poodle”: Museums and Social Inclusion under New Labour’, International Journal of Cultural Policy 11(3): 275–88.
97. Wu, C.T. 2002 Privatising Culture: Corporate Art Intervention since the 1980s, London: Verso.
98. Zolberg, V.L. 1986 ‘Tensions of Mission in American Art Museums’ in P. DiMaggio (ed.) Nonprofit Enterprise in the Arts: Studies in Mission and Constraint, New York: Oxford University Press, 184–98.
99. Zolberg, V.L. 2000 ‘Privatization: Threat or Promise for the Arts and Humanities?’ International Journal of Cultural Policy 1(1): 1–19.
100. Zukin, S. 1996 The Cultures of Cities, Oxford: Blackwell.