Autoimmune abnormalities of postpartum thyroid diseases

Frontiers in Endocrinology

Volumn 8, Issue JUL, 2017, Pages

  di Bari, Flavia ^a   Granese, Roberta ^a   Le Donne, Maria ^a   Vita, Roberto ^a   Benvenga, Salvatore ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Graves' disease; Non autoimmune thyroiditis; Postpartum thyroiditis; Thyroid autoantibodies; Thyroid autoimmunity

Indexed keywords

OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; SELENIUM; THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODY; THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODY;

DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FEMALE; FISH; FOOD INTAKE; GRAVES DISEASE; HASHIMOTO DISEASE; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; HYPERTHYROIDISM; HYPOTHYROIDISM; IMMUNOMODULATION; LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION; NULLIPARA; POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS; PREGNANT WOMAN; PROPHYLAXIS; RISK FACTOR; SHORT SURVEY; THYROID HORMONE RESISTANCE; THYROTOXICOSIS;

EID: 85025461895     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16642392     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00166     Document Type: Short Survey

References (88)

1. Wålinder O. Addison disease during pregnancy-a diagnostic dilemma. Symptoms are similar to normal pregnancy problems. Lakartidningen (2005) 102:1988-90.
2. Glazier MG, Waldron WM. An unusual cause of postpartum vomiting. Arch Fam Med (2000) 9:284-6. doi:10.1001/archfami.9.3.284
3. Xia Y, Pan M, Zhang Z. Addison's disease in pregnancy: a report of six cases. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi (1996) 31:226-8.
4. Drucker D, Shumak S, Angel A. Schmidt's syndrome presenting with intrauterine growth retardation and postpartum addisonian crisis. Am J Obstet Gynecol (1984) 149:229-30. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(84)90206-0
5. Goldman MH, Sfedu E, Aboul-Hosn H, Nutt R. Addison's disease presenting in the postpartum state. J Med Soc N J (1983) 80:1030-1.
6. McGill IG. Addison's disease presenting as a crisis in the puerperium. Br Med J (1971) 2:566. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5761.566
7. Peschel G. Addison's disease in the puerperium. Z Gesamte Inn Med (1955) 10:810-4.
8. De Bellis A, Kelestimur F, Sinisi AA, Ruocco G, Tirelli G, Battaglia M, et al. Anti-hypothalamus and anti-pituitary antibodies may contribute to perpetuate the hypopituitarism in patients with Sheehan's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol (2008) 158:147-52. doi:10.1530/EJE-07-0647
9. Watanobe H, Kawabe H. Painless thyroiditis developed in a patient with Sheehan's syndrome. Painless thyroiditis developed in a patient with Sheehan's syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest (1997) 20:335-7. doi:10.1007/BF03350313
10. Takasu N, Nakayama Y. A patient with postpartum hypopituitarism (Sheehan's syndrome) developed postpartum autoimmune thyroiditis (transient thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism): a case report and review of the literature. J Thyroid Res (2011) 2011:413026. doi:10.4061/2011/413026
11. Sasaki H, Ohnishi O, Okudera T, Okumura M. Simultaneous occurrence of transient resolving thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis, hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus following pituitary apoplexy. Postgrad Med J (1991) 67:75-7. doi:10.1136/pgmj.67.783.75
12. Zantour B, Chadli-Chaieb M, Maaroufi A, Ach K, Zaouali-Ajina M, Tabka Z, et al. Post-partum autoimmune thyroiditis in a patient presenting with Sheehan's syndrome. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) (2002) 63:223-5.
13. Yoshida M, Murakami M, Ueda H, Miyata M, Takahashi N, Oiso Y. An unusual case of hypopituitarism and transient thyrotoxicosis following asymptomatic pituitary apoplexy. Neuro Endocrinol Lett (2014) 35:342-6.
14. Punnose J, Agarwal MM, Premchandran JS. Transient diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism after pituitary apoplexy: a rare association with pericardial effusion and painless thyroiditis. Am J Med Sci (2000) 319:261-4. doi:10.1097/00000441-200004000-00012
15. De Bellis A, Colella C, Bellastella G, Lucci E, Sinisi AA, Bizzarro A, et al. Late primary autoimmune hypothyroidism in a patient with postdelivery autoimmune hypopituitarism associated with antibodies to growth hormone and prolactin-secreting cells. Thyroid (2013) 23:1037-41. doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0482
16. Ertek S, Erdogan G. Postpartum thyroiditis and hypothalamo-hypophysial insufficiency in the same woman with successive pregnancies: a case report. Gynecol Endocrinol (2010) 26:105-8. doi:10.3109/09513590903215532
17. Bevan JS, Othman S, Lazarus JH, Parkes AB, Hall R. Reversible adrenocorticotropin deficiency due to probable autoimmune hypophysitis in a woman with postpartum thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1992) 74:548-52. doi:10.1210/jcem.74.3.1310997
18. Ozawa Y, Shishiba Y. Recovery from lymphocytic hypophysitis associated with painless thyroiditis: clinical implications of circulating antipituitary antibodies. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) (1993) 128:493-8.
19. Manetti L, Parkes AB, Lupi I, Di Cianni G, Bogazzi F, Albertini S, et al. Serum pituitary antibodies in normal pregnancy and in patients with postpartum thyroiditis: a nested case-control study. Eur J Endocrinol (2008) 159:805-9. doi:10.1530/EJE-08-0617
20. Landek-Salgado MA, Gutenberg A, Lupi I, Kimura H, Mariotti S, Rose NR, et al. Pregnancy, postpartum autoimmune thyroiditis, and autoimmune hypophysitis: intimate relationships. Autoimmun Rev (2010) 9:153-7. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.06.001
21. Sakinah SO, Sharifah NA, Yusoff K. Painful thyroiditis in postpartum period. Med J Malaysia (1993) 48:83-5.
22. Akdemir Z, Karaman E, Akdeniz H, Alptekin C, Arslan H. Giant thyroid abscess related to postpartum Brucella infection. Case Rep Infect Dis (2015) 2015:646209. doi:10.1155/2015/646209
23. Hizawa K, Okamura K, Sato K, Kuroda T, Yoshinari M, Ikenoue H, et al. Tuberculous thyroiditis and miliary tuberculosis manifested postpartum in a patient with thyroid carcinoma. Endocrinol Jpn (1990) 37:571-6. doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.37.571
24. Carruthers DJ, Peicher K, Cabo Chan A. Papillary thyroid carcinoma and subacute thyroiditis (Poster 223). Program & Meeting Abstracts, 86th Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association; 2016 Sept 21-25; Denver, Colorado (2016). p. 216, A-74.
25. Park HK, Kim DW, Lee YJ, Ha TK, Kim DH, Bae SK, et al. Suspicious sonographic and cytological findings in patients with subacute thyroiditis: two case reports. Diagn Cytopathol (2015) 43:399-402. doi:10.1002/dc.23230
26. Ucan B, Delibasi T, Cakal E, Arslan MS, Bozkurt NC, Demirci T, et al. Papillary thyroid cancer case masked by subacute thyroiditis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol (2014) 58:851-4. doi:10.1590/0004-2730000003222
27. Best CA, Dhaliwal S, Tam S, Low TH, Hughes B, Fung K, et al. Spontaneous intrathyroidal hematoma causing airway obstruction: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) (2016) 95:e3209. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003209
28. Davies TF. The thyroid immunology of the postpartum period. Thyroid (1999) 9:675-84. doi:10.1089/thy.1999.9.675
29. Walfish PG, Meyerson J, Provias JP, Vargas MT, Papsin FR. Prevalence and characteristics of post-partum thyroid dysfunction: results of a survey from Toronto, Canada. J Endocrinol Invest (1992) 15:265-72. doi:10.1007/BF03348726
30. Gerstein HC. Incidence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med (1993) 118:419-23. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-118-6-199303150-00004
31. Shahbazian HB, Sarvghadi F, Azizi F. Prevalence and characteristics of postpartum thyroid dysfunction in Tehran. Eur J Endocrinol (2001) 145:397-401. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1450397
32. Lucas A, Pizarro E, Granada ML, Salinas I, Sanmartí A. Postpartum thyroid dysfunction and postpartum depression: are they two linked disorders? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) (2001) 55:809-14. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01421.x
33. Hidaka Y, Tamaki H, Iwatani Y, Tada H, Mitsuda N, Amino N. Prediction of post-partum Graves' thyrotoxicosis by measurement of thyroid stimulating antibody in early pregnancy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) (1994) 41:15-20. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb03778.x
34. Rotondi M, Pirali B, Lodigiani S, Bray S, Leporati P, Chytiris S, et al. The post partum period and the onset of Graves' disease: an overestimated risk factor. Eur J Endocrinol (2008) 159:161-5. doi:10.1530/EJE-08-0236
35. Rotondi M, Cappelli C, Pirali B, Pirola I, Magri F, Fonte R, et al. The effect of pregnancy on subsequent relapse from Graves' disease after a successful course of antithyroid drug therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2008) 93:3985-8. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0966
36. Jansson R, Dahlberg PA, Winsa B, Meirik O, Säfwenberg J, Karlsson A. The postpartum period constitutes an important risk for the development of clinical Graves' disease in young women. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) (1987) 116:321-5.
37. Benhaim Rochester D, Davies TF. Increased risk of Graves' disease after pregnancy. Thyroid (2005) 15:1287-90. doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.1287
38. Tada H, Hidaka Y, Tsuruta E, Kashiwai T, Tamaki H, Iwatani Y, et al. Prevalence of postpartum onset of disease within patients with Graves' disease of child-bearing age. Endocr J (1994) 41:325-7. doi:10.1507/endocrj.41.325
39. Ford HF, Spies A. Postpartum proptosis with ophthalmopathy. Optom Vis Sci (2001) 78:75-8. doi:10.1097/00006324-200102000-00006
40. Martin-du Pan RC. Triggering role of emotional stress and childbirth. Unexpected occurrence of Graves' disease compared to 96 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis and 97 cases of thyroid nodules. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) (1998) 59:107-12.
41. Nakagawa Y, Mori K, Hoshikawa S, Yamamoto M, Ito S, Yoshida K. Postpartum recurrence of Graves' hyperthyroidism can be prevented by the continuation of antithyroid drugs during pregnancy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) (2002) 57:467-71. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01615.x
42. Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, et al. 2017 guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid (2017) 27:315-89. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0457
43. Breese McCoy SJ. Coincidence of remission of postpartum Graves' disease and use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements. Thyroid Res (2011) 4:16. doi:10.1186/1756-6614-4-16
44. Agard C, Chaillous L, Murat A, Tranchant D, Charbonnel B. Postpartum thyroiditis and Basedow disease. Presse Med (1997) 26:1095-7.
45. Nakamura S, Isaji M, Ishimori M. Thyroid hemiagenesis with postpartum silent thyroiditis. Intern Med (2004) 43:306-9. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.43.306
46. Shigemasa C, Mitani Y, Taniguchi S, Ueta Y, Urabe K, Tanaka T, et al. Development of postpartum spontaneously resolving transient Graves' hyperthyroidism followed immediately by transient hypothyroidism. J Intern Med (1990) 228:23-8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00187.x
47. Misaki T, Miyamoto S, Kasagi K, Mori T, Konishi J. Serial occurrence of two types of postpartum thyroid disorders. Usefulness of Tc-99m pertechnetate uptake. Clin Nucl Med (1996) 21:460-2. doi:10.1097/00003072-199606000-00005
48. Papi G, Corrado S, Carapezzi C, Corsello SM. Postpartum thyroiditis presenting as a cold nodule and evolving to Graves' disease. Int J Clin Pract (2003) 57:556-8.
49. Shorey S, Badenhoop K, Walfish PG. Graves' hyperthyroidism after postpartum thyroiditis. Thyroid (1998) 8:1117-22. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.1117
50. Momotani N, Noh J, Ishikawa N, Ito K. Relationship between silent thyroiditis and recurrent Graves' disease in the postpartum period. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1994) 79:285-9. doi:10.1210/jcem.79.1.7913091
51. Arpaci D, Cuhaci N, Saglam F, Ersoy R, Cakir B. Sheehan's syndrome co-existing with Graves' disease. Niger J Clin Pract (2014) 17:662-5. doi:10.4103/1119-3077.141447
52. Le Donne M, Settineri S, Benvenga S. Early pospartum alexithymia and risk for depression: relationship with serum thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies. Psychoneuroendocrinology (2012) 37:519-33. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.08.001
53. Stagnaro-Green A. Approach to the patient with postpartum thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2012) 97:334-42. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2576
54. Dahale AB, Chandra PS, Sherine L, Thippeswamy H, Desai G, Reddy D. Postpartum psychosis in a woman with Graves' disease: a case report. Gen Hosp Psychiatry (2014) 36:761.e7-8. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.07.003
55. Le Donne M, Mento C, Settineri S, Antonelli A, Benvenga S. Postpartum mood disorders and thyroid autoimmunity. Front Endocrinol (2017) 8:91. doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00091
56. Amino N, Mori H, Iwatani Y, Tanizawa O, Kawashima M, Tsuge I, et al. High prevalence of transient post-partum thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med (1982) 306:849-52. doi:10.1056/NEJM198204083061405
57. Gudbjörnsson B, Karlsson-Parra A, Karlsson E, Hällgren R, Kämpe O. Clinical and laboratory features of Sjögren's syndrome in young women with previous postpartum thyroiditis. J Rheumatol (1994) 21:215-9.
58. van den Boogaard E, Vissenberg R, Land JA, van Wely M, van der Post JA, Goddijn M, et al. Significance of (sub)clinical thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update (2011) 17:605-19. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr024
59. Friedrich N, Schwarz S, Thonack J, John U, Wallaschofski H, Völzke H. Association between parity and autoimmune thyroiditis in a general female population. Autoimmunity (2008) 41:174-80. doi:10.1080/08916930701777629
60. Amino N, Tada H, Hidaka Y. Postpartum autoimmune thyroid syndrome: a model of aggravation of autoimmune disease. Thyroid (1999) 9:705-13. doi:10.1089/thy.1999.9.705
61. Stagnaro-Green A, Akhter E, Yim C, Davies TF, Magder L, Petri M. Thyroid disease in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus: increased preterm delivery. Lupus (2011) 20:690-9. doi:10.1177/0961203310394894
62. Elefsiniotis IS, Vezali E, Pantazis KD, Saroglou G. Post-partum thyroiditis in women with chronic viral hepatitis. J Clin Virol (2008) 41:318-9. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2007.12.010
63. Bech K, Høier-Madsen M, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Jensen BM, Mølsted-Pedersen L, Kuhl C. Thyroid function and autoimmune manifestations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during and after pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) (1991) 124:534-9.
64. Gallas PR, Stolk RP, Bakker K, Endert E, Wiersinga WM. Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and in the first postpartum year in women with diabetes mellitus type 1. Eur J Endocrinol (2002) 147:443-51. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1470443
65. Alvarez-Marfany M, Roman SH, Drexler AJ, Robertson C, Stagnaro-Green A. Long-term prospective study of postpartum thyroid dysfunction in women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1994) 79:10-6. doi:10.1210/jcem.79.1.8027213
66. Triggiani V, Ciampolillo A, Guastamacchia E, Licchelli B, Fanelli M, Resta F, et al. Prospective study of post-partum thyroid immune dysfunctions in type 1 diabetic women and in a healthy control group living in a mild iodine deficient area. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol (2004) 26:215-24. doi:10.1081/IPH-120037717
67. Jalkanen A, Saraste M, Gfeller A, Surcel HM, Airas L. Increased thyroid autoimmunity among women with multiple sclerosis in the postpartum setting. Mult Scler (2013) 19:1734-42. doi:10.1177/1352458513485148
68. Maleki N, Tavosi Z. Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in gestational diabetes mellitus and its relationship with postpartum thyroiditis. Diabet Med (2015) 32:206-12. doi:10.1111/dme.12580
69. Komatsu M, Kobayashi S, Ito N, Miyakawa M, Senga O, Sugenoya A, et al. A case of postpartum silent thyroiditis misapprehended as malignant lymphoma of the thyroid. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi (1993) 94:645-7.
70. Paragliola RM, Concolino P, De Rosa A, Mello E, Zuppi C, Pontecorvi A, et al. The first case of association between postpartum thyroiditis and thyroid hormone resistance in an Italian patient showing a novel p.V283A THRB mutation. Thyroid (2013) 23:506-10. doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0080
71. Taniyama M, Otsuka F, Tozaki T, Ban Y. Thyroid profiles in a patient with resistance to thyroid hormone and episodes of thyrotoxicosis, including repeated painless thyroiditis. Thyroid (2013) 23:898-901. doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0004
72. Aksoy DY, Gurlek A, Ringkananont U, Weiss RE, Refetoff S. Resistance to thyroid hormone associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in a Turkish family. J Endocrinol Invest (2005) 28:379-83. doi:10.1007/BF03347207
73. Galanti MR, Cnattingius S, Granath F, Ekbom-Schnell A, Ekbom A. Smoking and environmental iodine as risk factors for thyroiditis among parous women. Eur J Epidemiol (2007) 22:467-72. doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9142-1
74. Balázs C, Farid NR. Soluble CD4 concentrations predict relapse of post-partum thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest (2002) 25:11-7. doi:10.1007/BF03343955
75. Stagnaro-Green A, Schwartz A, Gismondi R, Tinelli A, Mangieri T, Negro R. High rate of persistent hypothyroidism in a large-scale prospective study of postpartum thyroiditis in southern Italy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2011) 96:652-7. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1980
76. Jansson R, Forberg R. Influence of endogenous T3-autoantibodies on thyroid hormone measurements in a woman with transient postpartum thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest (1985) 8:253-6. doi:10.1007/BF03348488
77. John R, Othman S, Parkes AB, Lazarus JH, Hall R. Interference in thyroid-function tests in postpartum thyroiditis. Clin Chem (1991) 37:1397-400.
78. Teti C, Nazzari E, Galletti MR, Mandolfino MG, Pupo F, Pesce G, et al. Unexpected elevated free thyroid hormones in pregnancy. Thyroid (2016) 26:1640-4. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0112
79. John R, Henley R, Shankland D. Concentrations of free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine in serum of patients with thyroxin-and triiodothyronine-binding autoantibodies. Clin Chem (1990) 36:470-3.
80. Benvenga S, Pintaudi B, Vita R, Di Vieste G, Di Benedetto A. Serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2015) 100:1870-8. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3950
81. Lazarus JH. Clinical manifestations of postpartum thyroid disease. Thyroid (1999) 9:685-9. doi:10.1089/thy.1999.9.685
82. Lazarus JH, Ammari F, Oretti R, Parkes AB, Richards CJ, Harris B. Clinical aspects of recurrent postpartum thyroiditis. Br J Gen Pract (1997) 47:305-8.
83. Ide A, Amino N, Kang S, Yoshioka W, Kudo T, Nishihara E, et al. Differentiation of postpartum Graves' thyrotoxicosis from postpartum destructive thyrotoxicosis using antithyrotropin receptor antibodies and thyroid blood flow. Thyroid (2014) 24:1027-31. doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0585
84. Duntas LH, Benvenga S. Selenium: an element for life. Endocrine (2015) 48:756-75. doi:10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6
85. Wu Q, Rayman MP, Lv H, Schomburg L, Cui B, Gao C, et al. Low population selenium status is associated with increased prevalence of thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2015) 100:4037-47. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2222
86. Negro R, Greco G, Mangieri T, Pezzarossa A, Dazzi D, Hassan H. The influence of selenium supplementation on postpartum thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2007) 92:1263-8. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1821
87. Benvenga S, Vigo MT, Metro D, Granese R, Vita R, Le Donne M. Type of fish consumed and thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy and postpartum. Endocrine (2016) 52:120-9. doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0698-3
88. Le Donne M, Alibrandi A, Vita R, Zanghì D, Triolo O, Benvenga S. Does eating oily fish improve gestational and neonatal outcomes? Findings from a Sicilian study. Women Birth (2016) 29:e50-7. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2015.12.005