Multi-track microproliferation: Lessons from aum shinrikyo and al qaida

Studies in Conflict and Terrorism

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 277-309

  Cameron, Gavin ^a  

^a MONTEREY INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85023582984     PISSN: 1057610X     EISSN: 15210731     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/105761099265658     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Richard A. Falkenrath, Robert D. Newman, and Bradley A. Thayer, America’s Achilles Heel: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Terrorism and Covert Attack (Cambridge, Massachussetts: MIT Press, 1998);
2. Brad Roberts (ed.), Terrorism With Chemical and Biological Weapons: Calibrating Risks and Responses (Alexandria, Virginia: The Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute, 1997);
3. Walter Laqueur, “Postmodern Terrorism,” Foreign Affairs 75 (September/October 1996);
4. Bruce Hoffman, “Terrorism and WMD: Some Preliminary Hypotheses,” The Nonproliferation Review 4 (Spring/Summer 1997);
5. Ehud Sprinzak, “The Great Superterrorism Scare,” Foreign Policy 112 (Fall 1998);
6. Ashton Carter, John Deutch, and Philip Zelikow, “Catastrophic Terrorism: Tackling the New Danger,” Foreign Affairs 77, (November/December 1998);
7. David C. Rapoport, “Terrorists and Weapons of the Apocalypse,” accessed on (http://www.wizard.net/npec/papers/rapoport.html).
8. Michael Bar-Zohar, The Avengers (New York: Hawthorne Books, 1967), pp. 40-52.
9. Magnus Ranstorp, “Interpreting the Broader Context and Meaning of Bin-Laden’s Fatwa,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 21 (October-December 1998), p. 326.
10. Rahimullah Yusufzai, “Conversation With Terror,” Time, 11 January 1999.
11. David E. Kaplan and Andrew Marshall, The Cult At The End Of The World (London: Random House [UK] Limited, 1996), pp. 46-48.
12. Robert Whymant, “Cult planned gas raids on America,” The Times, 29 March 1997.
13. Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), p. 123.
14. Bernard Lewis, “License to Kill: Usama bin Laden’s Declaration of Jihad,” Foreign Affairs 77, (November/December 1998), pp. 14-15.
15. Jamal Ismail, “I Am Not Afraid Of Death,” Newsweek, 11 January 1999, p. 37.
16. Xavier Raufer, “Enquête sur la multinationale terroriste,” Paris VSD, 3-9 September 1998, pp. 16-23.
17. Stephen J. Hedges, “Bin Laden Just One of Many; U.S. Overestimates Indicted Terrorist’s Reach, Experts Say,” Chicago Tribune, 8 November 1998, p. C1.
18. John Barry, Christopher Dickey and Steve LeVine, “Making A Symbol Of Terror,” Newsweek, 1 March 1999, pp. 40-43.
19. Gregory L. Vistica and Daniel Klaidman, “Tracking Terror: Inside the FBI and CIA’s Joint Battle to Roll Up Osama bin Laden’s international network,” Newsweek, 19 October 1998, p. 47.
20. Tamas Orszag-Land, “Waging War Against the Silk Road Barons.” International Police Review (March/April 1999), p. 23.
21. David Brackett, Holy Terror: Armageddon in Tokyo (New York: Weatherhill Inc, 1996), pp. 92-93.
22. Richard Sisk, “Japan Cult had Base in City Sought Nukes & Poison, Panel Told,” Daily News (New York), 1 November 1995, p. 4.
23. Richard Lloyd-Parry, “Cult Researching Nuclear Weapons; Search of Group’s Quarters Uncovers Deadly Inventory,” The Ottawa Citizen, 3 April 1995, p. A1.
24. Eugene Moosa, “Japanese Sect Mixed High-tech and the Occult,” Reuters, 16 May 1995.
25. Yomiuri Shimbun, “Aum May have Data on Uranium Enrichment,” The Daily Yomiuri, 28 May 1995, p. 2.
26. Paul Sieveking, “Mystery Bang that rocked the Outback,” Sunday Telegraph, 23 February 1997, p. 23.
27. Arnaud de la Grange, “Ben Laden et le Spectre du Terrorisme nucléaire,” Le Figaro, 15 October 1998, p. 4.
28. John J. Goldman and Ronald J. Ostrow, “U.S. Indicts Terror Suspect Bin Laden,” Los Angeles Times, 5 November 1998, p. A1
29. Ivo Dawnay, “Russia Loses its Suitcase N-bombs,” Sunday Telegraph, 9 November 1997, p. 31.
30. Pavel Felgengauer, “Blizhnevostochye Yastreby Poymali Yadernuyu Utku,” Segodnya, 13 April 1998.
31. Michael Grunwald, “US Says Bin Laden Sought Nuclear Arms; Complaint Cites Alliance with Sudan, Iran,” The Washington Post, 26 September 1998, p. A19.
32. Benjamin Weiser, “US Says Bin Laden Aide Tried to Get Nuclear Weapons,” New York Times, 26 September 1998, p. A3.
33. Rensselaer Lee III, Smuggling Armageddon: The Nuclear Black Market in the Former Soviet Union and Europe (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998), p. 18.
34. Jilad Salim, “Secrets of al-Manshiyah,” Al-Watan al-‘Arabi, 31 October 1997, pp. 22-24.
35. Judith Miller and William J. Broad, “Clinton Describes Terrorism Threat For 21st Century,” New York Times, 22 January 1999, p. 1.
36. Barbara Crossette, Judith Miller, Steven Lee Myers, and Tim Weiner, “U.S. Says Iraq Aided Production of Chemical Weapons in Sudan,” New York Times, 25 August 1998, p. A1.
37. Guido Olimpio, “Osama Bin Laden and Iraq,” Corriere della Sera (in Italian), 1 February 1999;
38. Niles Lathem, “Saddam’s New Weapon: Terror,” The New York Post, 1 February 1999, p. 2;
39. Julian Borger, “Saddam ‘forging links with Bin Laden’,” Manchester Weekly Guardian, 14 February 1999, p. 4.
40. Benjamin Weiser, “Saudi is Indicted in Bomb Attacks on U.S. Embassies,” New York Times, 5 November 1999, p. A1.
41. Michael Barletta, “Chemical Weapons in the Sudan: Allegations and Evidence,” The Nonproliferation Review 6 (Fall 1998).
42. Maureen Rouhi, “Analytical credibility,” Chemical & Engineering News, 22 February 1999, p. 37.
43. James Risen and David Johnston, “Experts Find No Arms Chemicals at Bombed Sudan Factory,” New York Times, 9 February 1999, p. 1.
44. Hans Dahne, “Owner of Sudanese Factory Comes Under Scrutiny in Wake of US Attacks,” Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 22 September 1998.
45. Karl Vick, “Many in Sudan Dispute Plant’s Tie with Bomber,” Washington Post, 22 October 1998, p. 29.
46. Nicholas D. Kristof, “Police Find More Chemicals Tied to Sect,” New York Times, 25 March 1995.
47. Yomiuri Shimbun, “Tsuchiya Researched Sarin at National Diet Library,” The Daily Yomiuri, 29 May 1995, p. 2.
48. Yomiuri Shimbun, “Hayakawa Notes Cover Sarin, Automatic Rifles,” The Daily Yomiuri, 10 May 1995, p. 2.
49. Jessica Stern, “The Control of Chemical Weapons: A Strategic Analysis,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-LR-110659, May 1992.
50. Yomiuri Shimbun, “Aum Made Sarin, using Russian Method: Police,” The Daily Yomiuri, 23 April 1995, p. 1.
51. V. Kurochkin, V. Petrunin, V. Sitnikov, E. Fokin, V. Shulga, and G. Safronov, “Terrorism with the use of chemical weapons,” Toksikologicheskiy Vestnik, No. 3, May-June 1997, pp. 11-15
52. Maria Katsva, “WMD Terrorism: Blackmail or Reality?,” Khimicheskoye oruzhiye i problemy ego unichtozheniya, No. 6, 1998-1999, pp. 10-15.
53. Y. Seto, N. Tsunoda, M. Kataoka, K. Tsuge, and T. Nagano, “Toxicological Analysis of Victim’s Blood and Crime Scene Evidence Samples in the Sarin Gas Attack Caused by Aum Shinrikyo,” National Research Institute of Police Science, p. 7.
54. Murakami Mutsuko, “The Cult That Won’t Die,” Asiaweek, 18 December 1998, p. 46.
55. Judith Miller, “Some in Japan Fear Authors of Subway Attack are Regaining Ground,” New York Times, 11 October 1998, p. A12.
56. Aum Shinrikyo, “Towards the Prophesied Future,” accessed on (http://www.aum-shinrikyo.com/english/science/samadhi.htm).