After the Revolution

Israel Law Review

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 139-169

  Jacobsohn, Gary Jeffrey ^a  

^a WILLIAMS COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85023136938     PISSN: 00212237     EISSN: 20479336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0021223700011936     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1970) 158.
2. United Mizrachi Bank pic v. Migdal Cooperative Village (1995) 49(iv) P.D. 221.
3. Editorial Commentary (1997) 31 Is. L. R. 765.
4. United Mizrachi Bank, L. R. 2, at 353.
5. Itamar Rabinovitch and Jehuda Reinharz, eds., Israel in the Middle East: Documents and Readings on Society, Politics and Foreign Relations, 1948-Present (New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 1984) 45.
6. Israel in the Middle East: Documents and Readings on Society, Politics and Foreign Relations., at 42.
7. Daphne Barak-Erez, “From an Unwritten to a Written Constitution: The Israeli Challenge in American Perspective” (1995) 26 Columbia Human Rights L. Rev. 309, 350.
8. Columbia Human Rights L. Rev., 351.
9. Robert A. Burt, “Inventing Judicial Review: Israel and America” (1989) 10 Cardozo L. Rev. 2013.
10. For a critique of this argument see my Apple of Gold: Constitutionalism in Israel and the United States (Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press, 1993) 110–124.
11. Arendt, On Revolution (New York, The Viking Press, 1963) 13.
12. For example, Paul Schrecker stipulates that a condition of revolution is that it shall be illegal. “In the realm of politics we can… define revolution as an illegal change of the constitution….” Paul Schrecker, “Revolution as aProblem in the Philosophy of History” in Carl J. Friedrich, ed., Nomos VIII: Revolution (New York, Atherton Press, 1966) 38.
13. See also Harold J. Berman, Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition (Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 1983).
14. Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition., 21.
15. For a theoretical consideration of the term see Robert Justin Lipkin, “The Anatomy of Constitutional Revolutions” (1989) 68 Nebraska L. Rev. 701.
16. “The Anatomy of Constitutional Revolutions”., at 718.
17. “The Anatomy of Constitutional Revolutions”., at 748.
18. “The Anatomy of Constitutional Revolutions”., at 745.
19. Bruce Ackerman, We the People: Foundations (Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 1991) 170.
20. We the People: Foundations., at 201.
21. Robert A. Dahl, After the Revolution? Authority in a Good Society (New Haven.Yale Univ. Press, 1970) 3.
22. Authority in a Good Society, at 4.
23. The controversy surrounding Gerald N. Rosenberg's book The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change? (Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1991)
24. Robert G. McCloskey, The American Supreme Court (Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1994) 119.
25. See in this regard Ran Hirschl, “Israel's ‘Constitutional Revolution’: The Legal Interpretation of Entrenched Civil Liberties in an Emerging Neo-Liberal Economic Order” (1998) 46 American J. of Comp. L. 427
26. Aeyal Gross, “The Politics of Rights in Israeli Constitutional Law” (1998) 3 Israel Studies 80
27. Michael Mandel, “Democracy and the New Constitutionalism in Israel” (1999) 33 Is. L. R. 259.
28. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Is. L. R., at 157.
29. Ackerman, We the People: Foundations, Is. L. R., at 204.
30. Aharon Barak, “The Role of the Supreme Court in a Democracy” (1998) 3 Israel Studies 6, 10.
31. see Charles R. Epp, The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective (Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1998).
32. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective. 9, at 756.
33. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective., at 773.
34. Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803), 175.
35. Arendt, On Revolution, U.S. 8, at 157.
36. Thomas Paine, The Rights of Man (New York, Penguin Books, 1985) 185.
37. Arendt, On Revolution, The Rights of Man. 8, at 142.
38. United Mizrachi Bank, The Rights of Man. 2, at 390.
39. The Rights of Man., at 284.
40. Aharon Barak, “The Constitutionalization of the Israeli Legal System as a Result of the Basic Laws and its Effect on Procedural and Substantive Criminal Law” (1997) 31 Is. L.R. 3, 4.
41. Arendt, On Revolution, L.R. 8, at 144.
42. United Mizrachi Bank, L.R. 2, at 352.
43. Arendt, On Revolution, L.R. 8, at 152.
44. L.R., at 201.
45. David Ben-Gurion, Rebirth and Destiny of Israel (New York, Philosophical Library, 1954) 377.
46. Anthony F.C. Wallace, “Revitalization Movements” (1956) 58 American Anthropologist 275.
47. Gary Jeffrey Jacobsohn, “Three Models of Secular Constitutional Development: India, Israel, and the United States” (1996) 10 Studies in American Political Development 1.
48. Chalmers Johnson, Revolutionary Change (Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1966).
49. Revolutionary Change., at 118.
50. Revolutionary Change., at 140.
51. Revolutionary Change., at 139.
52. Revolutionary Change.
53. Revolutionary Change.
54. United Mizrachi Bank, Revolutionary Change n. 2, at 540.
55. Revolutionary Change., at 567.
56. Revolutionary Change. 30.
57. United Mizrachi Bank, Revolutionary Change. 2, at 567.
58. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Revolutionary Change. 1 at 130.
59. United Mizrachi Bank, Revolutionary Change. 2, at 352.
60. Revolutionary Change. 25 at 3.
61. United Mizrachi Bank, Revolutionary Change. 2, at 288.
62. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolution, Revolutionary Change. 1, at 93.
63. United Mizrachi Bank, Revolutionary Change. 2, at 567.
64. Meir Shamgar, “On the Written Constitution” (1974) 9 Is. L.R. 467, at 474.
65. Melville B. Nimmer, “The Uses of Judicial Review in Israel's Quest for a Constitution” (1970) 70 Columbia L. Rev. 1218.
66. Robert A. Burt, “Inventing Judicial Review: Israel and America” (1989) 10 Cardozo L. Rev. 2013, at 2015.
67. Amos Shapira, “Judicial Review Without a Constitution: The Israeli Paradox” (1983) 56 Temple L.Q. 414, at 568.
68. Vogel v. Broadcasting Authority (1976) 31(iii) P.D. 657, 664.
69. See also Flatto-Sharon v. Knesset Speaker (1981) 35(iv) P.D. 118, 135–36
70. Aharon Barak, Judicial Discretion (New Haven, Yale Univ. Press, 1989), 103.
71. Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 549 (1969).
72. “Koch Party Faction” v. Hillel (1985) 39(iii) P.D. 141, 153.
73. Aharon Barak, “Freedom of Speech in Israel: The Impact of the American Constitution” (1988) 8 TAU Stud, in L.
74. Bergman v. Minister of Finance (1969) 23(i) P.D. 693, at 696.
75. Minister of Finance., at 698.
76. Amos Shapira, “Judicial Review without a Constitution”, Minister of Finance. 48, at 414.
77. Upon the jurisprudential foundation, the constitutional structure was erected.” United Mizrachi Bank, Minister of Finance, at 352–353.
78. Moshe Landau, “The Limits of Constitutions and Judicial Review” in Daniel J. Elazar, ed., Constitutionalism: The Israeli and American Experiences (Lanham, MD, University Press of America, 1990), at 204.
79. Landau, “The Limits of Constitutions”, Minister of Finance. 57, at 200.
80. Minister of Finance., at 202.
81. United Mizrachi Bank, Minister of Finance. 2, at 352–353.
82. Landau, “The Limits of Constitutions”, Minister of Finance. 57, at 204.
83. Barak, “The Role of the Supreme Court in a Democracy”, Minister of Finance. 18, at 24.
84. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolution, Minister of Finance. 1, at 130.
85. Minister of Finance., at 167.
86. Barak, “The Constitutionalization”, Minister of Finance. 25, at 5.
87. Quoted in Thomas C. Grey, “Origins of the Unwritten Constitution: Fundamental Law in American Revolutionary Thought”(1978) 30 Stanford L. Rev. 843, at 869.
88. Minister of Finance.
89. Minister of Finance.
90. Louis Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America (New York, Harcourt, Brace & World, 1955) 16.
91. The one great exception is, of course, the Dred Scott case.
92. Dan Avnon, “The Israeli Basic Laws' (Potentially) Fatal Flaw” (1998) 32 Is. L.R. 535, at 543.
93. Ruth Gavison, “The Role of Courts in Rifted Democracies” (1999) 33 Is. L.R. 216, at 218.
94. Aharon Barak, “The Constitutional Revolution: Protected Human Rights” (1992–1993) 1 Mishpat Umimshal 9, at 30.
95. 332 U.S. 261, 282 (1946).
96. To present him as he really is, as one who is creating a ‘judicial revolution’.” Quoted in The New York Times, August 28, 1996.
97. Jerusalem Post, September 2, 1996.
98. Lorraine Eisentadt Weinrib, “Canada's Constitutional Revolution: From Legislative to Constitutional State” (1999) 33 Is. L.R. 13, at 50.
99. L.R., at 37.
100. Quoted in Aharon Barak, Judicial Discretion, L.R. 50, at 194.
101. Menachem Hofhung, “The Unintended Consequences of Unplanned Constitutional Reform: Constitutional Politics in Israel”(1996) 44 American J. of Comp. L. 585, at 604.
102. Alon Harel, “The Rule of Law in Israel: Philosophical Aspirations and Institutional Realities” in David Dyzenhaus, ed., Recrafting the Rule of Law (Oxford, Hart Publishing, 1999) 143–60, at 148.
103. See also Barak-Erez, “From an Unwritten to a Written Constitution”, Recrafting the Rule of Law. 7, at 353.
104. Aharon Barak, Judicial Discretion, Recrafting the Rule of Law n. 50, at 221.
105. Ralph Lerner, “The Supreme Court as Republican Schoolmaster” in Supreme Court Review 1967 (Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1968), at 180.
106. United Mizrachi Bank pic v. Migdal Cooperative Village, Recrafting the Rule of Law. 2, at 448.
107. Ressler v. Minister of Defense (1988) 42(ii) P.D. 441, 458.
108. “Federal Farmer”, no. 16, 20 January 1788, in Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders' Constitution, vol. 1 (Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1897), at 458.
109. Gavison, “Rifted Democracies”, The Founders' Constitution. 71 at 218.
110. Alon Harel, “The Rule of Law in Israel” The Founders' Constitution. 79, at 156.
111. Ralph Lerner, “The Supreme Court as Republican Schoolmaster”, The Founders' Constitution. 80, at 178.
112. Brian Newbould, Schubert and the Symphony: A New Perspective (London, Toccata Press, 1992) 207.
113. Schubert and the Symphony: A New Perspective., 182.
114. Mosco Carner, “The Orchestral Music” in Gerald Abraham, ed., The Music of Schubert (New York, W.W. Norton & Co., Inc.) 64.
115. Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 1977) 105–123.