메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 287-302

Changing the Hidden Curriculum of Campus Rape Prevention and Education: Women’s Self-Defense as a Key Protective Factor for a Public Health Model of Prevention

Author keywords

date rape; intervention; prevention; sexual assault; situational factors

Indexed keywords

ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL; CURRICULUM; DRUG-FACILITATED SEXUAL ASSAULT; EDUCATION; FEMALE; FUNDING; GENDER; GOVERNMENT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MODEL; PUBLIC HEALTH; SELF DEFENSE; SOCIAL WELFARE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BEHAVIOR; CRIME VICTIM; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RAPE; STUDENT; UNIVERSITY;

EID: 85020937916     PISSN: 15248380     EISSN: 15528324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1524838015611674     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (44)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0036235332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol-related sexual assault: A common problem among college students
    • Abbey A., (2002). Alcohol-related sexual assault: A common problem among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 14, 118–128.
    • (2002) Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs , vol.14 , pp. 118-128
    • Abbey, A.1
  • 4
    • 34249285539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual violence prevention through bystander education: An experimental evaluation
    • Banyard V. L., Moynihan M. M., Plante E. G., (2007). Sexual violence prevention through bystander education: An experimental evaluation. Journal of Community Psychology, 35, 463–481.
    • (2007) Journal of Community Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 463-481
    • Banyard, V.L.1    Moynihan, M.M.2    Plante, E.G.3
  • 5
    • 0347569342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bystander education: Bringing a broader community perspective to sexual violence prevention
    • Banyard V. L., Plante E. G., Moynihan M. M., (2004). Bystander education: Bringing a broader community perspective to sexual violence prevention. Journal of Community Psychology, 32, 61–79.
    • (2004) Journal of Community Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 61-79
    • Banyard, V.L.1    Plante, E.G.2    Moynihan, M.M.3
  • 7
    • 37449009195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of self-defense training for women: A review
    • Brecklin L. A., (2008). Evaluation of self-defense training for women: A review. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 13, 60–76.
    • (2008) Aggression & Violent Behavior , vol.13 , pp. 60-76
    • Brecklin, L.A.1
  • 8
    • 18844375358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-defense or assertiveness training and women’s responses to sexual attacks
    • Brecklin L. A., Ullman S. E., (2005). Self-defense or assertiveness training and women’s responses to sexual attacks. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 738–762.
    • (2005) Journal of Interpersonal Violence , vol.20 , pp. 738-762
    • Brecklin, L.A.1    Ullman, S.E.2
  • 9
    • 84908027374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization—National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011
    • Retrieved from
    • Breiding M. J., Smith S. G., Basile K. C., Walters M. L., Chen J., Merrick M. T., (2014). Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization—National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63, 1–18. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6308.pdf
    • (2014) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , vol.63 , pp. 1-18
    • Breiding, M.J.1    Smith, S.G.2    Basile, K.C.3    Walters, M.L.4    Chen, J.5    Merrick, M.T.6
  • 10
    • 85020917363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved from
    • Bystander Store Posters. (2014). Retrieved from http://cola.unh.edu/prevention-innovations/bystander-store-posters
    • (2014)
  • 11
    • 85020864214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • , Retrieved from
    • California Commission Against Sexual Assault. (n.d.). Green dot. Retrieved from http://www.calcasa.org/what-we-do/prevention/green-dot
    • Green dot
  • 12
    • 85020859500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • , Retrieved from
    • California Commission Against Sexual Assault. (n.d.). My strength. Retrieved from http://www.calcasa.org/what-we-do/prevention/mystrength/
    • My strength
  • 13
    • 8644291874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • , Retrieved from
    • California Commission Against Sexual Assault. (n.d.). Self-defense. Retrieved from http://www.calcasa.org/what-we-do/prevention/self-defense/
    • Self-defense
  • 14
    • 84992490480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved from
    • Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act. (2014). Jeanne clery act information. Retrieved from http://www.cleryact.info/campus-save-act.html
    • (2014) Jeanne clery act information
  • 15
    • 34748846308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlanta, GA, Author, Retrieved from
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Sexual violence prevention: Beginning the dialogue. Atlanta, GA: Author. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/svprevention-a.pdf
    • (2004) Sexual violence prevention: Beginning the dialogue
  • 16
    • 63849203435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching resistance to teach resistance: The use of self-defense in teaching undergraduate about gender violence
    • Cermele J., (2004). Teaching resistance to teach resistance: The use of self-defense in teaching undergraduate about gender violence. Feminist Teacher, 15, 1–15.
    • (2004) Feminist Teacher , vol.15 , pp. 1-15
    • Cermele, J.1
  • 17
    • 78049351345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telling our stories: The importance of women’s narratives of resistance
    • Cermele J., (2010). Telling our stories: The importance of women’s narratives of resistance. Violence Against Women, 16, 1162–72.
    • (2010) Violence Against Women , vol.16 , pp. 1162-1172
    • Cermele, J.1
  • 18
    • 0036957657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoiding rape: The effect of protective actions and situational factors on rape outcomes
    • Clay-Warner J., (2002). Avoiding rape: The effect of protective actions and situational factors on rape outcomes. Violence and Victims, 17, 691–705.
    • (2002) Violence and Victims , vol.17 , pp. 691-705
    • Clay-Warner, J.1
  • 19
    • 84908617131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Empower to Green Dot: Successful strategies and lessons learned in developing comprehensive sexual violence prevention programming
    • Cook-Craig P., Millspaugh P. H., Recktenwald E. A., Kelly N. C, Hegge L. M., Coker A. L., Pletcher T. S., (2014). From Empower to Green Dot: Successful strategies and lessons learned in developing comprehensive sexual violence prevention programming. Violence Against Women, 20, 1162–78.
    • (2014) Violence Against Women , vol.20 , pp. 1162-1178
    • Cook-Craig, P.1    Millspaugh, P.H.2    Recktenwald, E.A.3    Kelly, N.C.4    Hegge, L.M.5    Coker, A.L.6    Pletcher, T.S.7
  • 20
    • 84938228147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prepared for the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault. Retrieved September 7, 2014, from Not Alone website
    • DeGue S., (2014). Preventing sexual violence on college campuses: Lessons from research and practice. Prepared for the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault. Retrieved September 7, 2014, from Not Alone website: https://www.notalone.gov/assets/evidence-based-strategies-for-the-prevention-of-sv-perpetration.pdf
    • (2014) Preventing sexual violence on college campuses: Lessons from research and practice
    • DeGue, S.1
  • 23
    • 84908572795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empowered victims? Women’s contradictory positions in the discourse of violence prevention
    • Frazier K. E., Joffe Falmagne R., (2014). Empowered victims? Women’s contradictory positions in the discourse of violence prevention. Violence Against Women, 24, 479–499.
    • (2014) Violence Against Women , vol.24 , pp. 479-499
    • Frazier, K.E.1    Joffe Falmagne, R.2
  • 24
    • 84907464626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminist self-defense and resistance training for college students: A critical review and recommendations for the future
    • Gidycz C. A., Dardis C. M., (2014). Feminist self-defense and resistance training for college students: A critical review and recommendations for the future. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15, 322–333.
    • (2014) Trauma, Violence, & Abuse , vol.15 , pp. 322-333
    • Gidycz, C.A.1    Dardis, C.M.2
  • 25
    • 84962947978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality
    • Glick P., Fiske S. T., (2001). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56, 109–118.
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , pp. 109-118
    • Glick, P.1    Fiske, S.T.2
  • 28
    • 77952426024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When female applicants meet sexist interviewers: The costs of being a target of benevolent sexism
    • Good J., Rudman L. A., (2010). When female applicants meet sexist interviewers: The costs of being a target of benevolent sexism. Sex Roles, 62, 481–493.
    • (2010) Sex Roles , vol.62 , pp. 481-493
    • Good, J.1    Rudman, L.A.2
  • 30
    • 85013501279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blowing the whistle on campus rape
    • Winter/Spring
    • Heldman C., Dirks D., (2014, Winter/Spring). Blowing the whistle on campus rape. Ms., pp. 32–37.
    • (2014) Ms , pp. 32-37
    • Heldman, C.1    Dirks, D.2
  • 31
    • 63849095893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roots of resistance to women’s self-defense
    • Hollander J., (2009). The roots of resistance to women’s self-defense. Violence Against Women, 15, 574–594.
    • (2009) Violence Against Women , vol.15 , pp. 574-594
    • Hollander, J.1
  • 32
    • 84993728870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I demand more of people”: Accountability, interaction, and gender change
    • Hollander J., (2013). “I demand more of people”: Accountability, interaction, and gender change. Gender and Society, 27, 5–29.
    • (2013) Gender and Society , vol.27 , pp. 5-29
    • Hollander, J.1
  • 33
    • 84898982887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does self-defense training prevent violence against women?
    • Hollander J., (2014). Does self-defense training prevent violence against women? Violence Against Women, 20, 252–269.
    • (2014) Violence Against Women , vol.20 , pp. 252-269
    • Hollander, J.1
  • 34
    • 84931592532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attack of the killer lesbians
    • 4, 12, Retrieved from
    • Italiano L., (2007, 4 12). Attack of the killer lesbians. New York Post. Retrieved from http://nypost.com/2007/04/12/attack-of-the-killer-lesbians/
    • (2007) New York Post
    • Italiano, L.1
  • 36
    • 0004724122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nothing really happened”: The invalidation of women’s experiences of violence
    • Hester, Kelly, Radford, (eds), Philadelphia, PA, Open University Press,. In, (Eds.), (
    • Kelly L., Radford J., (1996). “Nothing really happened”: The invalidation of women’s experiences of violence. In Hester M., Kelly L., Radford J., (Eds.), Women, violence, and male power (pp. 19–33). Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.
    • (1996) Women, violence, and male power , pp. 19-33
    • Kelly, L.1    Radford, J.2
  • 37
    • 85020926243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Think college costs too much? Thank the government
    • 5, 19, Retrieved August 25, 2014, from
    • Kirk A. F., (2014, 5 19). Think college costs too much? Thank the government. Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved August 25, 2014, from http://chronicle.com/article/Think-College-Costs-Too-Much-/146641?cid=megamen
    • (2014) Chronicle of Higher Education
    • Kirk, A.F.1
  • 38
    • 0004341347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Chapter 6, Sexual violence,. 147–182), Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization, Retrieved from,. (Eds.). (
    • Krug E. G., Dahlberg L. L., Mercy J. A., Zwi A. B., Lozano R. (Eds.). (2002). World report on violence and health (Chapter 6, Sexual violence, pp. 147–182). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/introduction.pdf
    • (2002) World report on violence and health
    • Krug, E.G.1    Dahlberg, L.L.2    Mercy, J.A.3    Zwi, A.B.4    Lozano, R.5
  • 39
    • 0003045384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constructing the victim: Popular images and lasting labels
    • Lamb, (ed), New York, NYU Press,. In, (Ed.), (
    • Lamb S., (1999). Constructing the victim: Popular images and lasting labels. In Lamb S., (Ed.), New versions of victims: Feminists struggle with the concept (pp. 108–138). New York: NYU Press.
    • (1999) New versions of victims: Feminists struggle with the concept , pp. 108-138
    • Lamb, S.1
  • 40
    • 77952419233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Next gen ambivalent sexism: Converging correlates, causality in context, and converse causality, an introduction to the special issue [Special issue]
    • Lee T. L., Fiske S. T., Glick P., (2010). Next gen ambivalent sexism: Converging correlates, causality in context, and converse causality, an introduction to the special issue [Special issue]. Sex Roles, 62, 395–404.
    • (2010) Sex Roles , vol.62 , pp. 395-404
    • Lee, T.L.1    Fiske, S.T.2    Glick, P.3
  • 41
    • 85028553659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesbian wolf pack guilty
    • 4, 19, Retrieved from
    • Martinez J., (2007, 4 19). Lesbian wolf pack guilty. Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/lesbian-wolf-pack-guilty-article-1.209128
    • (2007) Daily News
    • Martinez, J.1
  • 43
    • 63849259342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kicking into consciousness through self-defense training: Getting physical in both theory and practice
    • Gold, Villari, (eds), Lanham, MD, Rowman and Littlefield,. In, (Eds.), (
    • McCaughey M., (2000). Kicking into consciousness through self-defense training: Getting physical in both theory and practice. In Gold J., Villari S., (Eds.), Just sex: Students rewrite the rules on sex, violence, equality and activism (pp. 157–166). Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
    • (2000) Just sex: Students rewrite the rules on sex, violence, equality and activism , pp. 157-166
    • McCaughey, M.1
  • 44
    • 84887050409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Victim vaginas: The V-Day campaign and the vagina as symbol of female vulnerability
    • McCaughey M., (2013). Victim vaginas: The V-Day campaign and the vagina as symbol of female vulnerability. Women’s Studies, 42, 924–936.
    • (2013) Women’s Studies , vol.42 , pp. 924-936
    • McCaughey, M.1
  • 47
    • 79959916355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sisterhood may be powerful for reducing sexual and intimate partner violence: An evaluation of the Bringing in the Bystander in-person program with sorority members
    • Moynihan M. M., Banyard V. L., Arnold J. S., Eckstein R. P., Stapleton J. G., (2011). Sisterhood may be powerful for reducing sexual and intimate partner violence: An evaluation of the Bringing in the Bystander in-person program with sorority members. Violence Against Women, 17, 703–719.
    • (2011) Violence Against Women , vol.17 , pp. 703-719
    • Moynihan, M.M.1    Banyard, V.L.2    Arnold, J.S.3    Eckstein, R.P.4    Stapleton, J.G.5
  • 49
    • 85020861994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Government. Retrieved from
    • Not Alone: Together against Sexual Assault. (2014). U.S. Government. Retrieved from https://www.notalone.gov/students/.
    • (2014)
  • 50
    • 43149101040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a sexual assault risk reduction and self-defense program: A prospective analysis of a revisited protocol
    • Orchowski L. M., Gidycz C. A., Raffle H., (2008). Evaluation of a sexual assault risk reduction and self-defense program: A prospective analysis of a revisited protocol. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 204–218.
    • (2008) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.32 , pp. 204-218
    • Orchowski, L.M.1    Gidycz, C.A.2    Raffle, H.3
  • 51
    • 0025395496 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms governing empowerment effects: A self-efficacy analysis
    • Ozer E. M., Bandura A., (1990). Mechanisms governing empowerment effects: A self-efficacy analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 472–486.
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 472-486
    • Ozer, E.M.1    Bandura, A.2
  • 52
    • 80051612233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bringing in the Bystander in-person prevention program to a U. S. military installation: Results from a pilot study
    • Potter S. J., Moynihan M. M., (2011). Bringing in the Bystander in-person prevention program to a U. S. military installation: Results from a pilot study. Military Medicine, 176, 870–875.
    • (2011) Military Medicine , vol.176 , pp. 870-875
    • Potter, S.J.1    Moynihan, M.M.2
  • 53
    • 84937441769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4, Retrieved from
    • Preventing Pregnancies in Younger Teens. (2014, 4). CDC vital signs. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/young-teen-pregnancy/index.html
    • (2014) CDC vital signs
  • 55
    • 0037628887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The challenge to feminism posed by women’s use of violence in intimate relationships
    • Lamb, (ed), New York, NYU Press,. In, (Ed.), (
    • Renzetti C., (1999). The challenge to feminism posed by women’s use of violence in intimate relationships. In Lamb S., (Ed.), New versions of victims: Feminists struggle with the concept (pp. 42–56). New York: NYU Press.
    • (1999) New versions of victims: Feminists struggle with the concept , pp. 42-56
    • Renzetti, C.1
  • 56
    • 84899008768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-defense training as clinical intervention for survivors of trauma [Special issue]
    • Rosenblum G. D., Taska L. S., (2014). Self-defense training as clinical intervention for survivors of trauma [Special issue]. Violence Against Women, 20, 293–308.
    • (2014) Violence Against Women , vol.20 , pp. 293-308
    • Rosenblum, G.D.1    Taska, L.S.2
  • 58
    • 84948440313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York, NY, SAFER (Students Active for Ending Rape), Retrieved September 29, 2014, from, a)
    • SAFER & V-Day. (2013a). Making the grade? Findings from the campus accountability project on sexual assault policies. New York, NY: SAFER (Students Active for Ending Rape). Retrieved September 29, 2014, from http://www.safercampus.org/blog/2013/10/safer-announces-findings-of-campus-accountability-report/
    • (2013) Making the grade? Findings from the campus accountability project on sexual assault policies
  • 60
    • 79551496282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An imperfect feminist journey: Reflections on the process to develop an effective sexual assault resistance programme for university women
    • Senn C. Y., (2011). An imperfect feminist journey: Reflections on the process to develop an effective sexual assault resistance programme for university women. Feminism and Psychology, 21, 121–137.
    • (2011) Feminism and Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 121-137
    • Senn, C.Y.1
  • 64
  • 65
    • 84898988753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the intersection of race and gender in self-defense training
    • Speidel L., (2014). Exploring the intersection of race and gender in self-defense training. Violence Against Women, 20, 309–325.
    • (2014) Violence Against Women , vol.20 , pp. 309-325
    • Speidel, L.1
  • 66
    • 84898960395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resisting rape: The effects of victim self-protection on rape completion and injury [Special issue]
    • Tark J., Kleck G., (2014). Resisting rape: The effects of victim self-protection on rape completion and injury [Special issue]. Violence Against Women, 20, 270–292.
    • (2014) Violence Against Women , vol.20 , pp. 270-292
    • Tark, J.1    Kleck, G.2
  • 67
    • 72149091958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol consumption and women’s vulnerability to sexual victimization: Can reducing women’s drinking prevent rape?
    • Testa M., Livingston J. A., (2009). Alcohol consumption and women’s vulnerability to sexual victimization: Can reducing women’s drinking prevent rape? Substance Use and Misuse, 44, 1349–1376.
    • (2009) Substance Use and Misuse , vol.44 , pp. 1349-1376
    • Testa, M.1    Livingston, J.A.2
  • 68
    • 84898929630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empowering self-defense training
    • Thompson M. E., (2014). Empowering self-defense training. Violence Against Women, 20, 343–350.
    • (2014) Violence Against Women , vol.20 , pp. 343-350
    • Thompson, M.E.1
  • 70
    • 0031518283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review and critique of empirical studies of rape avoidance
    • Ullman S. E., (1997). Review and critique of empirical studies of rape avoidance. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 24, 177–204.
    • (1997) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.24 , pp. 177-204
    • Ullman, S.E.1
  • 71
    • 33847129962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10-year update on “Review and critique of empirical studies of rape avoidance
    • Ullman S. E., (2007). A 10-year update on “Review and critique of empirical studies of rape avoidance.” Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 411–429.
    • (2007) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.34 , pp. 411-429
    • Ullman, S.E.1
  • 72
    • 21144472240 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of women’s resistance strategies in rape situations
    • Ullman S. E., Knight R. A., (1993). The efficacy of women’s resistance strategies in rape situations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 17, 23–38.
    • (1993) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 23-38
    • Ullman, S.E.1    Knight, R.A.2
  • 73
    • 78149235290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4, 4, Retrieved from
    • U.S. Department of Education. (2011, 4 4). Dear colleague letter. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-201104.html
    • (2011) Dear colleague letter
  • 74
    • 85020938207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • , Retrieved from
    • Veto Violence, Principles of Prevention, Center for Disease Control. (n.d.). Core courses, Principles of Prevention (POP). Retrieved from https://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/education-pop.html
    • Core courses, Principles of Prevention (POP)
  • 75
    • 85020862083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • , Retrieved from
    • Veto Violence, Violence Educational Tools Online, Center for Disease Control. (n.d.). Principles of Prevention Guide. Retrieved from http://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/apps/pop/assets/pop_notebook.pdf
    • Principles of Prevention Guide
  • 76
    • 85020880763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • , Retrieved from
    • Veto Violence, Violence Education Tools Online, Center for Disease Control. (n.d.). Welcome to violence prevention success stories. Retrieved from http://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/success/searchresults.aspx?cm=0&iv=0&sc=0&sv=-1&nv=0&yv=0
    • Welcome to violence prevention success stories
  • 77
    • 0012069380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The convergence of race, ethnicity, gender, and class on court decision making: Looking toward the 21st century
    • Horney, (ed), Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs,. In, (Ed.), (
    • Zatz M. S., (2000). The convergence of race, ethnicity, gender, and class on court decision making: Looking toward the 21st century. In Horney J., (Ed.), Policies, processes, and decisions of the criminal justice systems (pp. 503–552). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs.
    • (2000) Policies, processes, and decisions of the criminal justice systems , pp. 503-552
    • Zatz, M.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.