Magic mirror, on the wall - Which is the right study design of them all? - Part II

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Volumn 125, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 328-332

  Vetter, Thomas R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CASE REPORT; CASE STUDY; CLASSIFICATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODUCTIVITY; STUDY DESIGN; METHODOLOGY; PROCEDURES; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; HUMANS; MODELS, STATISTICAL; OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES AS TOPIC; RESEARCH DESIGN;

EID: 85020730664     PISSN: 00032999     EISSN: 15267598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002140     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Vetter TR. Magic mirror, on the wall-which is the right study design of them all?-part I. Anesth Analg. 2017;125:326-330.
2. Cochrane AL; Royal Society of Medicine. Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services. London: Royal Society of Medicine; 2004.
3. Haynes B. Can it work? Does it work? Is it worth it? The testing of healthcare interventions is evolving. BMJ. 1999;319:652-653.
4. Vetter TR, Chou R. Clinical trial design methodology for pain outcome studies. In: Benzon H, Rathmell J, Wu CM, Turk D, Argoff C, Hurley R, eds. Practical Management of Pain. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2013:1057-1065.
5. Singal AG, Higgins PD, Waljee AK. A primer on effectiveness and efficacy trials. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2014;5:e45.
6. Zwarenstein M, Treweek S, Gagnier JJ, et al; CONSORT Group; Pragmatic Trials in Healthcare (Practihc) Group. Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. BMJ. 2008;337:a2390.
7. Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Nissman D, Lohr KN, Carey TS. A simple and valid tool distinguished efficacy from effectiveness studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:1040-1048.
8. Muennig P, Bounthavong M. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Health: A Practical Approach. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2016.
9. Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Papers that tell you what things cost (economic analyses). BMJ. 1997;315:596-599.
10. Dijksman LM, Poolman RW, Bhandari M, Goeree R, Tarride JE; International Evidence-Based Orthopaedic Surgery Working Group. Money matters: what to look for in an economic analysis. Acta Orthop. 2008;79:1-11.
11. Grimes DA, Schulz KF. An overview of clinical research: the lay of the land. Lancet. 2002;359:57-61.
12. DiPietro NA. Methods in epidemiology: observational study designs. Pharmacotherapy. 2010;30:973-984.
13. Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Clinical research in obstetrics and gynecology: a Baedeker for busy clinicians. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2002;57:S35-S53.
14. Silverman SL. From randomized controlled trials to observational studies. Am J Med. 2009;122:114-120.
15. Booth CM, Tannock IF. Randomised controlled trials and population-based observational research: partners in the evolution of medical evidence. Br J Cancer. 2014;110:551-555.
16. Vetter TR, Redden DT. The power and perils of big data: it all depends on how you slice, dice, and digest it. Anesth Analg. 2015;121:582-585.
17. Giambrone GP, Hemmings HC, Sturm M, Fleischut PM. Information technology innovation: the power and perils of big data. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115:339-342.
18. Simpao AF, Ahumada LM, Rehman MA. Big data and visual analytics in anaesthesia and health care. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115:350-356.
19. Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Descriptive studies: what they can and cannot do. Lancet. 2002;359:145-149.
20. Anesthesia & Analgesia Instructions for Authors: A&A Case Reports Compliance with United States HIPAA Privacy Regulations. Available at: http://edmgr.ovid.com/aa/accounts/ifauth.htm. Accessed March 5, 2017.
21. Kempen JH. Appropriate use and reporting of uncontrolled case series in the medical literature. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151:7. e1-10.e1.
22. Chan K, Bhandari M. Three-minute critical appraisal of a case series article. Indian J Orthop. 2011;45:103-104.
23. Gordis L. The occurrence of disease: I. Disease surveillance and measures of morbidity. In: Epidemiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:38-60.
24. Alexander L, Lopes B, Ricchetti-Masterson K, Yeatts K. Incident vs prevalent cases and measures of occurrence. Available at: https://sph.unc.edu/files/2015/07/nciph-ERIC1.pdf. Accessed March 4, 2017.
25. Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet. 2002;359:248-252.
26. Newman RB, Browner WS, Hulley SB. Enhancing causal inference in observational studies. In: Hulley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, D Grady D, Hearst N, Newman RB, eds. Designing Clinical Research: An Epidemiologic Approach. 3rd ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:127-146.
27. Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med. 1965;58:295-300.
28. Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83:796-798.
29. Phillips CV, Goodman KJ. The missed lessons of Sir Austin Bradford Hill. Epidemiol Perspect Innov. 2004;1:3.
30. Vetter TR, McGwin G Jr., Pittet JF. Replicability, reproducibility, and fragility of research findings-ultimately, caveat emptor. Anesth Analg. 2016;123:244-248.
31. Grimes DA, Schulz KF. False alarms and pseudo-epidemics: the limitations of observational epidemiology. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120:920-927.
32. Alexander L, Lopes B, Ricchetti-Masterson K, Yeatts K. Cross sectional studies. ERIC Notebook. 2015;2:1-5.
33. Gordis L. Case-control and other study designs. In: Epidemiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:189-215.
34. Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Case-control studies: research in reverse. Lancet. 2002;359:431-434.
35. Song JW, Chung KC. Observational studies: cohort and casecontrol studies. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;126:2234-2242.
36. Alexander L, Lopes B, Ricchetti-Masterson K, Yeatts K. Casecontrol studies. Available at: https://sph.unc.edu/files/2015/07/nciph-ERIC5.pdf. Accessed March 6, 2017.
37. Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Compared to what? Finding controls for case-control studies. Lancet. 2005;365:1429-1433.
38. Essebag V, Genest J Jr., Suissa S, Pilote L. The nested case-control study in cardiology. Am Heart J. 2003;146:581-590.
39. Ernster VL. Nested case-control studies. Prev Med. 1994;23:587-590.
40. Wacholder S. Practical considerations in choosing between the case-cohort and nested case-control designs. Epidemiology. 1991;2:155-158.
41. Prentice RL. A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials. Biometrika. 1986;73:1-11.
42. Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Cohort studies: marching towards outcomes. Lancet. 2002;359:341-345.
43. Gordis L. Cohort studies. In: Epidemiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:179-188.
44. Alexander L, Lopes B, Ricchetti-Masterson K, Yeatts K. Cohort Studies. ERIC Notebook. 2015;2:1-4. Available at: https://sph.unc. edu/files/2015/07/nciph-ERIC6.pdf. Accessed March 7, 2017.
45. Li Z. Non-randomized trial. In: Wiley Encyclopedia of Clinical Trials. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2007:1-8.
46. Sedgwick P. What is a non-randomised controlled trial? BMJ. 2014;348:g4115.
47. Thiese MS. Observational and interventional study design types; an overview. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2014;24:199-210.
48. Culley DJ, Flaherty D, Reddy S, et al. Preoperative cognitive stratification of older elective surgical patients: a cross-sectional study. Anesth Analg. 2016;123:186-192.
49. Brown R, Fortier MA, Zolghadr S, Gulur P, Jenkins BN, Kain ZN. Postoperative pain management in children of Hispanic origin: a descriptive cohort study. Anesth Analg. 2016;122:497-502.
50. de Oliveira GS Jr., Chang R, Fitzgerald PC, et al. The prevalence of burnout and depression and their association with adherence to safety and practice standards: a survey of United States anesthesiology trainees. Anesth Analg. 2013;117:182-193.
51. Van Cleve WC, Nair BG, Rooke GA. Associations between age and dosing of volatile anesthetics in 2 academic hospitals. Anesth Analg. 2015;121:645-651.
52. Zgleszewski SE, Graham DA, Hickey PR, et al. Anesthesiologist-And system-related risk factors for riskadjusted pediatric anesthesia-related cardiac arrest. Anesth Analg. 2016;122:482-489.
53. Hsieh JK, Dalton JE, Yang D, Farag ES, Sessler DI, Kurz AM. The association between mild intraoperative hypotension and stroke in general surgery patients. Anesth Analg. 2016;123:933-939.
54. Bijker JB, Persoon S, Peelen LM, et al. Intraoperative hypotension and perioperative ischemic stroke after general surgery: a nested case-control study. Anesthesiology. 2012;116:658-664.
55. Sprung J, Jankowski CJ, Roberts RO, et al. Anesthesia and incident dementia: a population-based, nested, case-control study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:552-561.
56. Henke PK, Zamora-Berridi G, Englesbe MJ, et al. A case-cohort study of postoperative myocardial infarction: impact of anemia and cardioprotective medications. Surgery. 2014;156:1018-1026, 1029.
57. Bohnert AS, Valenstein M, Bair MJ, et al. Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths. JAMA. 2011;305:1315-1321.
58. Clarke H, Soneji N, Ko DT, Yun L, Wijeysundera DN. Rates and risk factors for prolonged opioid use after major surgery: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2014;348:g1251.
59. Akesson A, Larsson SC, Discacciati A, Wolk A. Low-risk diet and lifestyle habits in the primary prevention of myocardial infarction in men: a population-based prospective cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:1299-1306.
60. McCluskey SA, Karkouti K, Wijeysundera D, Minkovich L, Tait G, Beattie WS. Hyperchloremia after noncardiac surgery is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality: a propensity-matched cohort study. Anesth Analg. 2013;117:412-421.
61. Patorno E, Neuman MD, Schneeweiss S, Mogun H, Bateman BT. Comparative safety of anesthetic type for hip fracture surgery in adults: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2014;348:g4022.