Early real-world evidence of persistence on oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a cohort study in UK primary care

BMJ Open

Volumn 6, Issue 9, 2016, Pages

  Johnson, Michelle E ^a   Lefèvre, Cinira ^b   Collings, Shuk Li ^a   Evans, David ^b   Kloss, Sebastian ^c   Ridha, Essra ^b   Maguire, Andrew ^a  

^a Eastside   (United Kingdom)

^b BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB   (United States)

^c PFIZER INC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85020572894     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2016-011471     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Ruigómez A, Johansson S, Wallander MA, et al. Incidence of chronic atrial fibrillation in general practice and its treatment pattern. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:358-63.
2. Majeed A, Moser K, Carroll K. Trends in the prevalence and management of atrial fibrillation in general practice in England and Wales, 1994-1998: analysis of data from the general practice research database. Heart 2001;86:284-8.
3. DeWilde S, Carey Intramuscular, Emmas C, et al. Trends in the prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation, its treatment with anticoagulation and predictors of such treatment in UK primary care. Heart 2006;92:1064-70.
4. Thrall G, Lane D, Carroll D, et al. Quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Am J Med 2006;119:448. e1-19. http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(05)01067-3/abstract
5. Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, et al. A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study. Am J Med 2002;113:359-64.
6. Marini C, De Santis F, Sacco S, et al. Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: results from a population-based study. Stroke 2005;36:1115-19.
7. Savelieva I, Camm AJ. Practical considerations for using novel oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol 2014;37:32-47.
8. Macedo AF, Bell J, McCarron C, et al. Determinants of oral anticoagulation control in new warfarin patients: analysis using data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Thromb Res 2015;136:250-60.
9. Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y, et al. Warfarin discontinuation after starting warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2010;3:624-31.
10. Zalesak M, Siu K, Francis K, et al. Higher persistence in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients treated with dabigatran versus warfarin. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013;6:567-74.
11. de Andrés-Nogales F, Oyagüez I, Betegón-Nicolás L, et al. Status of oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in Spain. REACT-AF Study. Rev Clin Esp 2015;215:73-82.
12. European Medicines Agency. Summary of Product Characteristics: Lixiana 60mg Film-Coated Tablets (cited 18 September 2015). https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/30506
13. Medicines Complete. British National Formulary September 2015: 2.8.2 Oral anticoagulants (cited 16 September 2015). https://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/PHP1484-oral-anticoagulants. htm
14. Miller CS, Grandi SM, Shimony A, et al. Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2012;110:453-60.
15. Camm AJ, Pinto FJ, Hankey GJ, et al. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and atrial fibrillation guidelines in practice: barriers to and strategies for optimal implementation. Europace 2015;17:1007-17.
16. Beyer-Westendorf J, Förster K, Ebertz F, et al. Drug persistence with rivaroxaban therapy in atrial fibrillation patients-results from the Dresden non-interventional oral anticoagulation registry. Europace 2015;17:530-8.
17. O'Brien EC, Simon DN, Allen LA, et al. Reasons for warfarin discontinuation in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). Am Heart J 2014;168:487-94.
18. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ V, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365:981-92.
19. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1139-51.
20. Pan X, Kachroo S, Liu X, et al. Real world discontinuation rates with apixaban versus warfarin, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban among atrial fibrillation patients newly initiated on anticoagulation therapy: early findings. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:A415.
21. Forslund T, Wettermark B, Hjemdahl P. Comparison of treatment persistence with different oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015;72:329-38.
22. Martinez C, Katholing A, Wallenhorst C, et al. Therapy persistence in newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation treated with warfarin or NOAC. A cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2016;115:31-9.
23. Petri H, Urquhart J. Channeling bias in the interpretation of drug effects. Stat Med 1991;10:577-81.
24. Herrett E, Gallagher AM, Bhaskaran K, et al. Data resource profile: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Int J Epidemiol 2015;44:827-36.
25. Robins JM, Greenland S, Hu F-C. Estimation of the causal effect of a time-varying exposure on the marginal mean of a repeated binary outcome. J Am Stat Assoc 1999;94:687-700.
26. Herrett E, Thomas SL, Schoonen WM, et al. Validation and validity of diagnoses in the General Practice Research Database: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;69:4-14.
27. Lewis JD, Bilker WB, Weinstein RB, et al. The relationship between time since registration and measured incidence rates in the General Practice Research Database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2005;14:443-51.
28. Lyttelton M, Longmuir K, Smith S. Implementation of NICE TAs 249, 256 and 275. Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban and Apixaban for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation. 2013 (cited 18 September 2015). http://www.neneccg.nhs.uk/resources/uploads/files/implementation-of-nice-tas-249-256-and-275-dabigatran-rivaroxaban-and-apixaban-april-2013-final.pdf
29. Beyer-Westendorf J, Ehlken B, Evers T. Real-world persistence and adherence to oral anticoagulation for stroke risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2016;18:1150-7.
30. Bristol-Myers Squibb. Assessment of an Education and Guidance Programme for Eliquis Adherence in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (AEGEAN). European Society of Cardiology 2015 Congress; 2015. p. Abstract 2191. http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/ehj/33/21/2719.full.pdf
31. Camm AJ, Lip GYH, De Caterina R, et al. 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2719-47.
32. Mitchell SA, Simon TA, Raza S, et al. The efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulants in warfarin-suitable patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013;19:619-31.
33. Hylek EM, Held C, Alexander JH, et al. Major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving apixaban or warfarin: the ARISTOTLE Trial (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation): predictors, characteristics, and clinical outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2141-7.