메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 209-220

Microbiological problems and biofilms associated with Mycobacterium chimaera in heater–cooler units used for cardiopulmonary bypass

Author keywords

Aerosol; Biofilm; Cardiac surgery; Heater cooler; Mycobacterium chimaera; Non tuberculous mycobacterium

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; BACTERIUM COLONY; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DECONTAMINATION; DISEASE CARRIER; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GENETIC SIMILARITY; HEATER COOLER UNIT; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION PREVENTION; MEDICAL DEVICE CONTAMINATION; MYCOBACTERIOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM; MYCOBACTERIUM CHIMAERA; MYCOBACTERIUM CHIMAERA INFECTION; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; WATER BORNE DISEASE; WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING; BIOFILM; DEVICES; DISINFECTION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 85019890829     PISSN: 01956701     EISSN: 15322939     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.04.014     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (60)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 84948671530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged outbreak of Mycobacterium chimaera infection after open-chest heart surgery
    • Sax, H., Bloemberg, G., Hasse, B., Sommerstein, R., Kohler, P., Achermann, Y., et al. Prolonged outbreak of Mycobacterium chimaera infection after open-chest heart surgery. Clin Infect Dis 61 (2015), 67–75.
    • (2015) Clin Infect Dis , vol.61 , pp. 67-75
    • Sax, H.1    Bloemberg, G.2    Hasse, B.3    Sommerstein, R.4    Kohler, P.5    Achermann, Y.6
  • 2
    • 85000673467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium chimaera colonisation of heater–cooler units (HCU) in Western Australia, 2015: investigation of possible iatrogenic infection using whole genome sequencing
    • Robinson, J.O., Coombs, G.W., Speers, D.J., Keehner, T., Keil, A.D., D'Abrera, V., et al. Mycobacterium chimaera colonisation of heater–cooler units (HCU) in Western Australia, 2015: investigation of possible iatrogenic infection using whole genome sequencing. Euro Surveill, 2016, 21.
    • (2016) Euro Surveill , pp. 21
    • Robinson, J.O.1    Coombs, G.W.2    Speers, D.J.3    Keehner, T.4    Keil, A.D.5    D'Abrera, V.6
  • 3
    • 84992392017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes from the field: Mycobacterium chimaera contamination of heater–cooler devices used in cardiac surgery – United States
    • Perkins, K.M., Lawsin, A., Hasan, N.A., Strong, M., Halpin, A.L., Rodger, R.R., et al. Notes from the field: Mycobacterium chimaera contamination of heater–cooler devices used in cardiac surgery – United States. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65 (2016), 1117–1118.
    • (2016) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.65 , pp. 1117-1118
    • Perkins, K.M.1    Lawsin, A.2    Hasan, N.A.3    Strong, M.4    Halpin, A.L.5    Rodger, R.R.6
  • 4
    • 85026888928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insidious risk of severe Mycobacterium chimaera infection in cardiac surgery patients
    • Chand, M., Lamagni, T., Kranzer, K., Hedge, J., Moore, G., Parks, S., et al. Insidious risk of severe Mycobacterium chimaera infection in cardiac surgery patients. Clin Infect Dis 64 (2017), 335–342.
    • (2017) Clin Infect Dis , vol.64 , pp. 335-342
    • Chand, M.1    Lamagni, T.2    Kranzer, K.3    Hedge, J.4    Moore, G.5    Parks, S.6
  • 5
    • 84965089058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of six cases of nosocomial Legionella pneumophila pneumonia
    • Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Fan, H., Wei, L., Outbreak of six cases of nosocomial Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. Chin J Tuberc Resp Dis 38 (2015), 294–297.
    • (2015) Chin J Tuberc Resp Dis , vol.38 , pp. 294-297
    • Li, Y.1    Zhang, Y.2    Fan, H.3    Wei, L.4
  • 6
    • 84924287347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapidly growing mycobacteria among pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant patients traced to the hospital water supply
    • Iroh Tam, P.Y., Kline, S., Wagner, J.E., Guspiel, A., Streifel, A., Ward, G., et al. Rapidly growing mycobacteria among pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant patients traced to the hospital water supply. Pediatr Infect Dis J 33 (2014), 1043–1046.
    • (2014) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.33 , pp. 1043-1046
    • Iroh Tam, P.Y.1    Kline, S.2    Wagner, J.E.3    Guspiel, A.4    Streifel, A.5    Ward, G.6
  • 7
    • 84867290708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization of hospital water systems by Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Acinetobacter in ICU wards of Tehran hospitals
    • Yaslianifard, S., Mobarez, A.M., Fatolahzadeh, B., Feizabadi, M.M., Colonization of hospital water systems by Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Acinetobacter in ICU wards of Tehran hospitals. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 55 (2012), 352–356.
    • (2012) Indian J Pathol Microbiol , vol.55 , pp. 352-356
    • Yaslianifard, S.1    Mobarez, A.M.2    Fatolahzadeh, B.3    Feizabadi, M.M.4
  • 8
    • 84855650410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging global opportunistic pathogen
    • Brooke, J.S., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging global opportunistic pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 25 (2012), 2–41.
    • (2012) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.25 , pp. 2-41
    • Brooke, J.S.1
  • 9
    • 84911884587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeking the source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a recently opened hospital: an observational study using whole-genome sequencing
    • Quick, J., Cumley, N., Wearn, C.M., Niebel, M., Constantinidou, C., Thomas, C.M., et al. Seeking the source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a recently opened hospital: an observational study using whole-genome sequencing. BMJ Open, 4, 2014, e006278.
    • (2014) BMJ Open , vol.4 , pp. e006278
    • Quick, J.1    Cumley, N.2    Wearn, C.M.3    Niebel, M.4    Constantinidou, C.5    Thomas, C.M.6
  • 10
    • 84938338068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and ecology of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens: Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Falkinham, J.O. 3rd, Hilborn, E.D., Arduino, M.J., Pruden, A., Edwards, M.A., Epidemiology and ecology of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens: Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environ Health Perspect 123 (2015), 749–758.
    • (2015) Environ Health Perspect , vol.123 , pp. 749-758
    • Falkinham, J.O.1    Hilborn, E.D.2    Arduino, M.J.3    Pruden, A.4    Edwards, M.A.5
  • 11
    • 84933177883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital water systems: biofilms, guidelines, and practicalities
    • Walker, J., Moore, G., Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital water systems: biofilms, guidelines, and practicalities. J Hosp Infect 89 (2015), 324–327.
    • (2015) J Hosp Infect , vol.89 , pp. 324-327
    • Walker, J.1    Moore, G.2
  • 13
    • 33847049836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like granulomatous lung disease with nontuberculous mycobacteria from exposure to hot water aerosols
    • Sood, A., Sreedhar, R., Kulkarni, P., Nawoor, A.R., Hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like granulomatous lung disease with nontuberculous mycobacteria from exposure to hot water aerosols. Environ Health Perspect 115 (2007), 262–266.
    • (2007) Environ Health Perspect , vol.115 , pp. 262-266
    • Sood, A.1    Sreedhar, R.2    Kulkarni, P.3    Nawoor, A.R.4
  • 14
    • 84874397750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology of nontuberculous mycobacteria – where do human infections come from?
    • Falkinham, J.O. 3rd, Ecology of nontuberculous mycobacteria – where do human infections come from?. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 34 (2013), 95–102.
    • (2013) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 95-102
    • Falkinham, J.O.1
  • 16
    • 13644256937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis reaction to Mycobacterium avium in household water
    • Marras, T.K., Wallace, R.J. Jr., Koth, L.L., Stulbarg, M.S., Cowl, C.T., Daley, C.L., Hypersensitivity pneumonitis reaction to Mycobacterium avium in household water. Chest 127 (2005), 664–671.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 664-671
    • Marras, T.K.1    Wallace, R.J.2    Koth, L.L.3    Stulbarg, M.S.4    Cowl, C.T.5    Daley, C.L.6
  • 17
    • 79952320659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nontuberculous mycobacteria from household plumbing of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria disease
    • Falkinham, J.O. 3rd, Nontuberculous mycobacteria from household plumbing of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria disease. Emerg Infect Dis 17 (2011), 419–424.
    • (2011) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.17 , pp. 419-424
    • Falkinham, J.O.1
  • 18
    • 85031117138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Technical Memorandum (HTM) 04-01: Safe water in healthcare premises
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Department of Health, Health Technical Memorandum (HTM) 04-01: Safe water in healthcare premises. 2016 Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hot-and-cold-water-supply-storage-and-distribution-systems-for-healthcare-premises [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2016)
    • Department of Health1
  • 19
    • 0019500669 scopus 로고
    • Two outbreaks of sternal wound infection due to organisms of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex
    • Hoffman, P.C., Fraser, D.W., Robicsek, F., O'Bar, P.R., Mauney, C.U., Two outbreaks of sternal wound infection due to organisms of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. J Infect Dis 143 (1981), 533–542.
    • (1981) J Infect Dis , vol.143 , pp. 533-542
    • Hoffman, P.C.1    Fraser, D.W.2    Robicsek, F.3    O'Bar, P.R.4    Mauney, C.U.5
  • 20
    • 0020956497 scopus 로고
    • Sternal wound infections and endocarditis due to organisms of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex
    • Kuritsky, J.N., Bullen, M.G., Broome, C.V., Silcox, V.A., Good, R.C., Wallace, R.J. Jr., Sternal wound infections and endocarditis due to organisms of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. Ann Intern Med 98 (1983), 938–939.
    • (1983) Ann Intern Med , vol.98 , pp. 938-939
    • Kuritsky, J.N.1    Bullen, M.G.2    Broome, C.V.3    Silcox, V.A.4    Good, R.C.5    Wallace, R.J.6
  • 21
    • 17344367024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial outbreaks/pseudo-outbreaks caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria
    • Wallace, R.J. Jr., Brown, B.A., Griffith, D.E., Nosocomial outbreaks/pseudo-outbreaks caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 52 (1998), 453–490.
    • (1998) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.52 , pp. 453-490
    • Wallace, R.J.1    Brown, B.A.2    Griffith, D.E.3
  • 22
    • 0022358022 scopus 로고
    • Infections with Mycobacterium chelonei in patients receiving dialysis and using processed hemodialyzers
    • Bolan, G., Reingold, A.L., Carson, L.A., Silcox, V.A., Woodley, C.L., Hayes, P.S., et al. Infections with Mycobacterium chelonei in patients receiving dialysis and using processed hemodialyzers. J Infect Dis 152 (1985), 1013–1019.
    • (1985) J Infect Dis , vol.152 , pp. 1013-1019
    • Bolan, G.1    Reingold, A.L.2    Carson, L.A.3    Silcox, V.A.4    Woodley, C.L.5    Hayes, P.S.6
  • 23
    • 0025060721 scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium chelonae infection among patients receiving high-flux dialysis in a hemodialysis clinic in California
    • Lowry, P.W., Beck-Sague, C.M., Bland, L.A., Aguero, S.M., Arduino, M.J., Minuth, A.N., et al. Mycobacterium chelonae infection among patients receiving high-flux dialysis in a hemodialysis clinic in California. J Infect Dis 161 (1990), 85–90.
    • (1990) J Infect Dis , vol.161 , pp. 85-90
    • Lowry, P.W.1    Beck-Sague, C.M.2    Bland, L.A.3    Aguero, S.M.4    Arduino, M.J.5    Minuth, A.N.6
  • 24
    • 0020028535 scopus 로고
    • Peritonitis due to a Mycobacterium chelonei-like organism associated with intermittent chronic peritoneal dialysis
    • Band, J.D., Ward, J.I., Fraser, D.W., Peterson, N.J., Silcox, V.A., Good, R.C., et al. Peritonitis due to a Mycobacterium chelonei-like organism associated with intermittent chronic peritoneal dialysis. J Infect Dis 145 (1982), 9–17.
    • (1982) J Infect Dis , vol.145 , pp. 9-17
    • Band, J.D.1    Ward, J.I.2    Fraser, D.W.3    Peterson, N.J.4    Silcox, V.A.5    Good, R.C.6
  • 25
  • 26
    • 84875618676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection in the immunocompetent host
    • Zheng, C., Fanta, C.H., Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection in the immunocompetent host. Q J Med 106 (2013), 307–315.
    • (2013) Q J Med , vol.106 , pp. 307-315
    • Zheng, C.1    Fanta, C.H.2
  • 27
    • 85008392723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A laboratory-based analysis of nontuberculous Mycobacterial lung disease in Japan from 2012 to 2013
    • Morimoto, K., Hasegawa, N., Izumi, K., Namkoong, H., Uchimura, K., Yoshiyama, T., et al. A laboratory-based analysis of nontuberculous Mycobacterial lung disease in Japan from 2012 to 2013. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14 (2017), 49–56.
    • (2017) Ann Am Thorac Soc , vol.14 , pp. 49-56
    • Morimoto, K.1    Hasegawa, N.2    Izumi, K.3    Namkoong, H.4    Uchimura, K.5    Yoshiyama, T.6
  • 29
    • 84965050280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is the main driver of the rise in non-tuberculous mycobacteria incidence in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2007–2012
    • Shah, N.M., Davidson, J.A., Anderson, L.F., Lalor, M.K., Kim, J., Thomas, H.L., et al. Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is the main driver of the rise in non-tuberculous mycobacteria incidence in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2007–2012. BMC Infect Dis, 16, 2016, 195.
    • (2016) BMC Infect Dis , vol.16 , pp. 195
    • Shah, N.M.1    Davidson, J.A.2    Anderson, L.F.3    Lalor, M.K.4    Kim, J.5    Thomas, H.L.6
  • 30
    • 77958519838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing epidemiology of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections
    • Thomson, R.M., Changing epidemiology of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections. Emerg Infect Dis 16 (2010), 1576–1583.
    • (2010) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.16 , pp. 1576-1583
    • Thomson, R.M.1
  • 31
    • 84877746709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geographic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary samples: an NTM-NET collaborative study
    • Hoefsloot, W., van Ingen, J., Andrejak, C., Angeby, K., Bauriaud, R., Bemer, P., et al. The geographic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary samples: an NTM-NET collaborative study. Eur Respir J 42 (2013), 1604–1613.
    • (2013) Eur Respir J , vol.42 , pp. 1604-1613
    • Hoefsloot, W.1    van Ingen, J.2    Andrejak, C.3    Angeby, K.4    Bauriaud, R.5    Bemer, P.6
  • 32
    • 10844263356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of bacteremias associated with Mycobacterium mucogenicum in a hospital water supply
    • Kline, S., Cameron, S., Streifel, A., Yakrus, M.A., Kairis, F., Peacock, K., et al. An outbreak of bacteremias associated with Mycobacterium mucogenicum in a hospital water supply. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25 (2004), 1042–1049.
    • (2004) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.25 , pp. 1042-1049
    • Kline, S.1    Cameron, S.2    Streifel, A.3    Yakrus, M.A.4    Kairis, F.5    Peacock, K.6
  • 33
    • 0035448584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium xenopi spinal infections after discovertebral surgery: investigation and screening of a large outbreak
    • Astagneau, P., Desplaces, N., Vincent, V., Chicheportiche, V., Botherel, A., Maugat, S., et al. Mycobacterium xenopi spinal infections after discovertebral surgery: investigation and screening of a large outbreak. Lancet 358 (2001), 747–751.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 747-751
    • Astagneau, P.1    Desplaces, N.2    Vincent, V.3    Chicheportiche, V.4    Botherel, A.5    Maugat, S.6
  • 38
    • 0026585765 scopus 로고
    • Large restriction fragment patterns of genomic Mycobacterium fortuitum DNA as strain-specific markers and their use in epidemiologic investigation of four nosocomial outbreaks
    • Hector, J.S.R., Pang, Y., Mazurek, G.H., Zhang, Y., Brown, B.A., Wallace, R.J., Large restriction fragment patterns of genomic Mycobacterium fortuitum DNA as strain-specific markers and their use in epidemiologic investigation of four nosocomial outbreaks. J Clin Microbiol 30 (1992), 1250–1255.
    • (1992) J Clin Microbiol , vol.30 , pp. 1250-1255
    • Hector, J.S.R.1    Pang, Y.2    Mazurek, G.H.3    Zhang, Y.4    Brown, B.A.5    Wallace, R.J.6
  • 39
    • 84973367375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source-case investigation of Mycobacterium wolinskyi cardiac surgical site infection
    • Dupont, C., Terru, D., Aguilhon, S., Frapier, J.M., Paquis, M.P., Morquin, D., et al. Source-case investigation of Mycobacterium wolinskyi cardiac surgical site infection. J Hosp Infect 93 (2016), 235–239.
    • (2016) J Hosp Infect , vol.93 , pp. 235-239
    • Dupont, C.1    Terru, D.2    Aguilhon, S.3    Frapier, J.M.4    Paquis, M.P.5    Morquin, D.6
  • 40
    • 84878502686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosthetic valve endocarditis and bloodstream infection due to Mycobacterium chimaera
    • Achermann, Y., Rossle, M., Hoffmann, M., Frapier, J.M., Paquis, M.P., Morquin, D., et al. Prosthetic valve endocarditis and bloodstream infection due to Mycobacterium chimaera. J Clin Microbiol 51 (2013), 1769–1773.
    • (2013) J Clin Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 1769-1773
    • Achermann, Y.1    Rossle, M.2    Hoffmann, M.3    Frapier, J.M.4    Paquis, M.P.5    Morquin, D.6
  • 41
    • 85033694087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic Goods Administration, Australian Government. Non-tuberculous mycobacterium infections associated with heater-cooler devices. Alert – updated advice for health professionals and facilities following report of patient infection
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Department of Health, Therapeutic Goods Administration, Australian Government. Non-tuberculous mycobacterium infections associated with heater-cooler devices. Alert – updated advice for health professionals and facilities following report of patient infection. 2016 Available at: https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/non-tuberculous-mycobacterium-infections-associated-heater-cooler-devices [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2016)
    • Department of Health1
  • 42
    • 85033715317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heater-cooler devices – risk of nontuberculous Mycobacteria infections
    • Government of Canada Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Health Canada, Heater-cooler devices – risk of nontuberculous Mycobacteria infections. 2016, Government of Canada Available at: http://healthycanadians.gc.ca/recall-alert-rappel-avis/hc-sc/2016/60662a-eng.php [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2016)
    • Health Canada1
  • 43
    • 85033715355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive cardiovascular infection by Mycobacterium chimaera associated with 3T heater–cooler system used during open-heart surgery
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Invasive cardiovascular infection by Mycobacterium chimaera associated with 3T heater–cooler system used during open-heart surgery. 2016 Available at: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/RRA-mycobacterium-chimaera-November-2016.pdf [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2016)
    • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control1
  • 44
    • 84948684471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthcare-associated prosthetic heart valve, aortic vascular graft, and disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera infections subsequent to open heart surgery
    • Kohler, P., Kuster, S.P., Bloemberg, G., Schulthess, B., Frank, M., Tanner, F.C., et al. Healthcare-associated prosthetic heart valve, aortic vascular graft, and disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera infections subsequent to open heart surgery. Eur Heart J 36 (2015), 2745–2753.
    • (2015) Eur Heart J , vol.36 , pp. 2745-2753
    • Kohler, P.1    Kuster, S.P.2    Bloemberg, G.3    Schulthess, B.4    Frank, M.5    Tanner, F.C.6
  • 45
    • 85033720662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety alert on contamination of heatercooler device use in cardiothoracic surgery
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Safety alert on contamination of heatercooler device use in cardiothoracic surgery. 2016 Available at: http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201611/15/P2016111500974.htm [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2016)
    • Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region1
  • 46
    • 85007505686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium infection from a cardiopulmonary bypass heater-cooler unit in a patient with steroid-induced immunosuppression
    • Cai, Y., Landolfo, K., Renew, J.R., Mycobacterium infection from a cardiopulmonary bypass heater-cooler unit in a patient with steroid-induced immunosuppression. Can J Anaesth 64 (2017), 513–516.
    • (2017) Can J Anaesth , vol.64 , pp. 513-516
    • Cai, Y.1    Landolfo, K.2    Renew, J.R.3
  • 49
    • 84963938755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decontamination of heater–cooler units associated with contamination by atypical mycobacteria
    • Garvey, M.I., Ashford, R., Bradley, C.W., Bradley, C.R., Martin, T.A., Walker, J., et al. Decontamination of heater–cooler units associated with contamination by atypical mycobacteria. J Hosp Infect 93 (2016), 229–234.
    • (2016) J Hosp Infect , vol.93 , pp. 229-234
    • Garvey, M.I.1    Ashford, R.2    Bradley, C.W.3    Bradley, C.R.4    Martin, T.A.5    Walker, J.6
  • 50
    • 85000416281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical implications of Mycobacterium chimaera detection in thermoregulatory devices used for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Germany, 2015 to 2016
    • Trudzinski, F., Schlotthauer, U., Kamp, A., Hennemann, K., Muellenbach, R.M., Reischl, U., et al. Clinical implications of Mycobacterium chimaera detection in thermoregulatory devices used for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Germany, 2015 to 2016. Eurosurveillance, 2016, 21.
    • (2016) Eurosurveillance , pp. 21
    • Trudzinski, F.1    Schlotthauer, U.2    Kamp, A.3    Hennemann, K.4    Muellenbach, R.M.5    Reischl, U.6
  • 51
    • 0015373734 scopus 로고
    • Infections through blood from heart–lung machine
    • Geldof, W.C., Brom, A.G., Infections through blood from heart–lung machine. Thorax 27 (1972), 395–397.
    • (1972) Thorax , vol.27 , pp. 395-397
    • Geldof, W.C.1    Brom, A.G.2
  • 52
    • 84945980271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency management of heat exchanger leak on cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermia
    • Gukop, P., Tiezzi, A., Mattam, K., Sarsam, M., Emergency management of heat exchanger leak on cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermia. Perfusion 30 (2015), 694–697.
    • (2015) Perfusion , vol.30 , pp. 694-697
    • Gukop, P.1    Tiezzi, A.2    Mattam, K.3    Sarsam, M.4
  • 53
    • 0034083242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic similarity among one Aspergillus flavus strain isolated from a patient who underwent heart surgery and two environmental strains obtained from the operating room
    • Diaz-Guerra, T.M., Mellado, E., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Gaztelurrutia, L., Navarro, J.I.V., Tudela, J.L.R., Genetic similarity among one Aspergillus flavus strain isolated from a patient who underwent heart surgery and two environmental strains obtained from the operating room. J Clin Microbiol 38 (2000), 2419–2422.
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 2419-2422
    • Diaz-Guerra, T.M.1    Mellado, E.2    Cuenca-Estrella, M.3    Gaztelurrutia, L.4    Navarro, J.I.V.5    Tudela, J.L.R.6
  • 54
    • 84965070538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination during production of heater–cooler units by Mycobacterium chimaera potential cause for invasive cardiovascular infections: results of an outbreak investigation in Germany, April 2015 to February 2016
    • Haller, S., Holler, C., Jacobshagen, A., Hamouda, O., Abu Sin, M., Monnet, D.L., et al. Contamination during production of heater–cooler units by Mycobacterium chimaera potential cause for invasive cardiovascular infections: results of an outbreak investigation in Germany, April 2015 to February 2016. Euro Surveill, 2016, 21.
    • (2016) Euro Surveill , pp. 21
    • Haller, S.1    Holler, C.2    Jacobshagen, A.3    Hamouda, O.4    Abu Sin, M.5    Monnet, D.L.6
  • 55
    • 85012848206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium chimaera spread from heating and cooling units in heart surgery
    • Williamson, D., Howden, B., Stinear, T., Mycobacterium chimaera spread from heating and cooling units in heart surgery. N Engl J Med 376 (2017), 600–602.
    • (2017) N Engl J Med , vol.376 , pp. 600-602
    • Williamson, D.1    Howden, B.2    Stinear, T.3
  • 56
    • 85020502557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contaminated devices putting open-heart surgery patients at risk
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Contaminated devices putting open-heart surgery patients at risk. 2016 Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p1013-contaminated-devices-.html [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2016)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1
  • 57
    • 85013271786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium chimaera in heater–cooler units in Denmark related to isolates from the United States and United Kingdom
    • Svensson, E., Jensen, E.T., Rasmussen, E.M., Folkvardsen, D.B., Norman, A., Lillebaek, T., Mycobacterium chimaera in heater–cooler units in Denmark related to isolates from the United States and United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis 23 (2017), 507–509.
    • (2017) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 507-509
    • Svensson, E.1    Jensen, E.T.2    Rasmussen, E.M.3    Folkvardsen, D.B.4    Norman, A.5    Lillebaek, T.6
  • 58
    • 84861163756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlative time-resolved fluorescence microscopy to assess antibiotic diffusion-reaction in biofilms
    • Daddi Oubekka, S., Briandet, R., Fontaine-Aupart, M.P., Steenkeste, K., Correlative time-resolved fluorescence microscopy to assess antibiotic diffusion-reaction in biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56 (2012), 3349–3358.
    • (2012) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.56 , pp. 3349-3358
    • Daddi Oubekka, S.1    Briandet, R.2    Fontaine-Aupart, M.P.3    Steenkeste, K.4
  • 60
    • 84925745898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Material properties of biofilms – a review of methods for understanding permeability and mechanics
    • Billings, N., Birjiniuk, A., Samad, T.S., Doyle, P.S., Ribbeck, K., Material properties of biofilms – a review of methods for understanding permeability and mechanics. Rep Prog Phys, 78, 2015, 036601.
    • (2015) Rep Prog Phys , vol.78 , pp. 036601
    • Billings, N.1    Birjiniuk, A.2    Samad, T.S.3    Doyle, P.S.4    Ribbeck, K.5
  • 61
    • 0024210157 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of bacterial biofilms to antibiotics: a growth-rate related effect?
    • Brown, M.R., Allison, D.G., Gilbert, P., Resistance of bacterial biofilms to antibiotics: a growth-rate related effect?. J Antimicrob Chemother 22 (1988), 777–780.
    • (1988) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.22 , pp. 777-780
    • Brown, M.R.1    Allison, D.G.2    Gilbert, P.3
  • 63
    • 0003419678 scopus 로고
    • Phagocytic engulfment and cell adhesivness
    • Marcel Dekker New York
    • Van Oss, C.J., Gillman, C.F., Neumann, A.W., Phagocytic engulfment and cell adhesivness. 1975, Marcel Dekker, New York.
    • (1975)
    • Van Oss, C.J.1    Gillman, C.F.2    Neumann, A.W.3
  • 64
    • 0024444746 scopus 로고
    • Differences in antimicrobial susceptibility of pigmented and unpigmented colonial variants of Mycobacterium avium
    • Stormer, R.S., Falkinham, J.O. 3rd, Differences in antimicrobial susceptibility of pigmented and unpigmented colonial variants of Mycobacterium avium. J Clin Microbiol 27 (1989), 2459–2465.
    • (1989) J Clin Microbiol , vol.27 , pp. 2459-2465
    • Stormer, R.S.1    Falkinham, J.O.2
  • 65
    • 0035286747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing numbers of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and other Mycobacteria in drinking water distribution systems
    • Falkinham, J.O. 3rd, Norton, C.D., LeChevallier, M.W., Factors influencing numbers of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and other Mycobacteria in drinking water distribution systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 (2001), 1225–1231.
    • (2001) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.67 , pp. 1225-1231
    • Falkinham, J.O.1    Norton, C.D.2    LeChevallier, M.W.3
  • 67
    • 0026571646 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum in acid, brown-water swamps of the southeastern United States and their association with environmental variables
    • Kirschner, R.A. Jr., Parker, B.C., Falkinham, J.O. 3rd, Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum in acid, brown-water swamps of the southeastern United States and their association with environmental variables. Am Rev Respir Dis 145 (1992), 271–275.
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.145 , pp. 271-275
    • Kirschner, R.A.1    Parker, B.C.2    Falkinham, J.O.3
  • 68
    • 84973400162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heater–cooler units: contamination of crucial devices in cardiothoracic surgery
    • Götting, T., Klassen, S., Jonas, D., Benk, Ch, Serr, A., Wagner, D., et al. Heater–cooler units: contamination of crucial devices in cardiothoracic surgery. J Hosp Infect 93 (2016), 223–228.
    • (2016) J Hosp Infect , vol.93 , pp. 223-228
    • Götting, T.1    Klassen, S.2    Jonas, D.3    Benk, C.4    Serr, A.5    Wagner, D.6
  • 69
    • 84969132887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Mycobacterium chimaera from heater–cooler units during cardiac surgery despite an ultraclean air ventilation system
    • Sommerstein, R., Ruegg, C., Kohler, P., Bloemberg, G., Kuster, S.P., Sax, H., Transmission of Mycobacterium chimaera from heater–cooler units during cardiac surgery despite an ultraclean air ventilation system. Emerg Infect Dis 22 (2016), 1008–1013.
    • (2016) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 1008-1013
    • Sommerstein, R.1    Ruegg, C.2    Kohler, P.3    Bloemberg, G.4    Kuster, S.P.5    Sax, H.6
  • 70
    • 85033689622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium chimaera outbreak response: experience from four US healthcare systems
    • Abstract 2392 2016
    • Appenheimer, A.B., Diekema, D.J., Berriel-Cass, D., Crook, T., Daley, C.L., Dobbie, D., et al. Mycobacterium chimaera outbreak response: experience from four US healthcare systems. ID Week, 2016 Oct 26th–30th Abstract 2392 2016.
    • (2013) ID Week
    • Appenheimer, A.B.1    Diekema, D.J.2    Berriel-Cass, D.3    Crook, T.4    Daley, C.L.5    Dobbie, D.6
  • 71
    • 85011615997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC advises hospitals to alert patients at risk from contaminated heater cooler devices used during cardiac surgery
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC advises hospitals to alert patients at risk from contaminated heater cooler devices used during cardiac surgery. 2016 Available at: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00397.asp [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2016)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1
  • 72
    • 85019580279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infections associated with heater cooler units used in cardiopulmonary bypass and ECMO. Information for healthcare providers in England Version 2
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Public Health England, Infections associated with heater cooler units used in cardiopulmonary bypass and ECMO. Information for healthcare providers in England Version 2. 2017 Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/605639/Infections_Associated_with_Heater_Cooler_Units_Used_in_Cardiopulmonary_Bypass_and_ECMO.pdf [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2017)
    • Public Health England1
  • 75
    • 85033671092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of hydrogen peroxide in heater–cooler systems with Maquet oxygenators. FSCA Number 2015-12-19
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Maquet Getinge Group, The use of hydrogen peroxide in heater–cooler systems with Maquet oxygenators. FSCA Number 2015-12-19. 2015 Available at: https://www.hpra.ie/docs/default-source/field-safety-notices/december-2015/v26487_fsn.pdf?sfvrsn=2 [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2015)
    • Maquet Getinge Group1
  • 76
    • 85033687845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heater–cooler devices used in cardiac surgery – risk of infection with Mycobacterium species update
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Heater–cooler devices used in cardiac surgery – risk of infection with Mycobacterium species update. 2016 Available at: https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/heater-cooler-devices-used-in-cardiac-surgery-risk-of-infection-with-mycobacterium-species-update [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2016)
    • Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency1
  • 77
    • 85020544926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field Safety Notice, Cardiac Surgery. Mycobacterium risks disinfection and decontamination of Sorin heater cooler devices
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Anonymous Sorin Group, Field Safety Notice, Cardiac Surgery. Mycobacterium risks disinfection and decontamination of Sorin heater cooler devices. 2015 Available at: https://www.swissmedic.ch/recalllists_dl/12048/Vk_20150612_04-e1.pdf [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2015)
    • Anonymous Sorin Group1
  • 78
    • 84988517235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reemergence of Mycobacterium chimaera in heater–cooler units despite intensified cleaning and disinfection protocol
    • Schreiber, P.W., Kuster, S.P., Hasse, B., Bayard, C., Rüegg, C., Kohler, P., et al. Reemergence of Mycobacterium chimaera in heater–cooler units despite intensified cleaning and disinfection protocol. Emerg Infect Dis 22 (2016), 1830–1833.
    • (2016) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 1830-1833
    • Schreiber, P.W.1    Kuster, S.P.2    Hasse, B.3    Bayard, C.4    Rüegg, C.5    Kohler, P.6
  • 79
    • 85018262273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-phase hospital-associated outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus: investigation and mitigation
    • Baker, A.W., Lewis, S.S., Alexander, B.D., Chen, L.F., Wallace, R.J. Jr., Brown-Elliott, B.A., et al. Two-phase hospital-associated outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus: investigation and mitigation. Clin Infect Dis 64 (2017), 902–911.
    • (2017) Clin Infect Dis , vol.64 , pp. 902-911
    • Baker, A.W.1    Lewis, S.S.2    Alexander, B.D.3    Chen, L.F.4    Wallace, R.J.5    Brown-Elliott, B.A.6
  • 80
    • 85019580279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infections associated with heater cooler units used in cardiopulmonary bypass and ECMO. Information for healthcare providers in England
    • Available at: [last accessed February 2017]
    • Public Health England, Infections associated with heater cooler units used in cardiopulmonary bypass and ECMO. Information for healthcare providers in England. 2015 Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/474218/Infections_associated_with_heater_cooler_units_version_1.pdf [last accessed February 2017].
    • (2015)
    • Public Health England1
  • 81
    • 84969524458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac surgery, nosocomial infection, and the built environment
    • Sommerstein, R., Jenni, H., Carrel, T., Marschall, J., Cardiac surgery, nosocomial infection, and the built environment. J Hosp Infect 93 (2016), 240–241.
    • (2016) J Hosp Infect , vol.93 , pp. 240-241
    • Sommerstein, R.1    Jenni, H.2    Carrel, T.3    Marschall, J.4
  • 82
    • 84901828142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficacy of a forced-air warming system and circulating-water mattress on core temperature and post-anesthesia shivering in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia
    • Kim, H.Y., Lee, K.C., Lee, M.J., Kim, M.N., Kim, J.S., Lee, W.S., Lee, J.H., Comparison of the efficacy of a forced-air warming system and circulating-water mattress on core temperature and post-anesthesia shivering in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol 66 (2014), 352–357.
    • (2014) Korean J Anesthesiol , vol.66 , pp. 352-357
    • Kim, H.Y.1    Lee, K.C.2    Lee, M.J.3    Kim, M.N.4    Kim, J.S.5    Lee, W.S.6    Lee, J.H.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.