Determination of spermatic vein reflux after varicocele repair helps to define the efficacy of treatment in improving sperm parameters of subfertile men

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation

Volumn 40, Issue 10, 2017, Pages 1145-1153

  D'Andrea S ^a   Micillo, A ^a   Barbonetti, A ^b   Giordano, A V ^c   Carducci, S ^c   Mancini, A ^c   Necozione, S ^a   Francavilla, F ^a   Francavilla, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

^b San Raffaele Institute   (Italy)

^c SAN SALVATORE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Male subfertility; Scrotal colour Doppler ultrasound; Semen analysis; Spermatic vein embolisation; Varicocele

Indexed keywords

FOLLITROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; TESTOSTERONE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATIONAL STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALE FERTILITY; MALE GENITAL TRACT PARAMETERS; MALE INFERTILITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEMEN ANALYSIS; SPERM MORPHOLOGY; SPERM QUALITY; SPERMATIC VEIN; SPERMATOZOON COUNT; SPERMATOZOON DENSITY; SPERMATOZOON MOTILITY; VARICOCELE; VARICOCELECTOMY; VENOUS REFLUX; ARTIFICIAL EMBOLIZATION; FOLLOW UP; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SPERMATIC CORD; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULARIZATION; VEIN;

ADULT; EMBOLIZATION, THERAPEUTIC; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INFERTILITY, MALE; MALE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEMEN ANALYSIS; SPERMATIC CORD; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VARICOCELE; VEINS;

EID: 85019653709     PISSN: 03914097     EISSN: 17208386     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0695-x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Clarke BG (1966) Incidence of varicocele in normal men and among men of different ages. JAMA 198:1121
2. World Health Organization (1992) The influence of varicocele on parameters of fertility in a large group of men presenting to infertility clinics. Fertil Steril 57:1289
3. Alsaikhan B, Alrabeeah K, Delouya G, Zini A (2016) Epidemiology of varicocele. Asian J Androl 18(2):179–181
4. Kroese AC, de Lange NM, Collins J, Evers JL (2012) Surgery or embolization for varicoceles in subfertile men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD000479
5. Baazeem A, Belzile E, Ciampi A, Dohle G, Jarvi K et al (2011) Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. Eur Urol 60:796–808
6. Matkov TG, Zenni M, Sandlow J, Levine LA (2001) Preoperative semen analysis as a predictor of seminal improvement following varicocelectomy. Fertil Steril 75(1):63–68
7. Kamal KM, Jarvi K, Zini A (2001) Microsurgical varicocelectomy in the era of assisted reproductive technology: influence of initial semen quality on pregnancy rates. Fertil Steril 75(5):1013–1016
8. Samplaski MK, Yu C, Kattan MW, Lo KC, Grober ED et al (2014) Nomograms for predicting changes in semen parameters in infertile men after varicocele repair. Fertil Steril 102(1):68–74
9. Takahara M, Ichikawa T, Shiseki Y, Nakamura T, Shimazaki J (1996) Relationship between grade of varicocele and the response to varicocelectomy. Int J Urol 3(4):282–285
10. Kondo Y, Ishikawa T, Yamaguchi K, Fujisawa M (2009) Predictors of improved seminal characteristics by varicocele repair. Andrologia 41(1):20–23
11. Schiff JD, Li PS, Goldstein M (2006) Correlation of ultrasound-measured venous size and reversal of flow with Valsalva with improvement in semen-analysis parameters after varicocelectomy. Fertil Steril 86(1):250–252
12. Dubin L, Amelar R (1970) Varicocele size and results of varicocelectomy in selected subfertile men with varicocele. Fertil Steril 21:606–611
13. Rifkin MD, Foy PM, Kurtz AB, Pasto ME, Goldberg BB (1983) The role of diagnostic ultrasonography in varicocele evaluation. J Ultrasound Med 2(6):271–275
14. McClure RD, Hricak H (1986) Scrotal ultrasound in the infertile man: detection of subclinical unilateral and bilateral varicoceles. J Urol 135(4):711–715
15. Eskew LA, Watson NE, Wolfman N, Bechtold R, Scharling E et al (1993) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of varicoceles. Fertil Steril 60(4):693–697
16. Cina A, Minnetti M, Pirronti T, Vittoria Spampinato M et al (2006) Sonographic quantitative evaluation of scrotal veins in healthy subjects: normative values and implications for the diagnosis of varicocele. Eur Urol 50:345–350
17. Lotti F, Maggi M (2015) Ultrasound of the male genital tract in relation to male reproductive health. Hum Reprod Update 21(1):56–83
18. Annoni F, Colpi GM, Marincola FM, Negri L (1998) Doppler examination in varicocele: a standard method of evaluation. J Androl 9:248–252
19. Kocakoc E, Kiris A, Orhan I, Bozgeyik Z, Kanbay M et al (2002) Incidence and importance of reflux in testicular veins of healthy men evaluated with color duplex sonography. J Clin Ultrasound 30(5):282–287
20. Lotti F, Corona G, Mancini M, Biagini C, Colpi GM, Innocenti SD, Filimberti E, Gacci M, Krausz C, Sforza A, Forti G, Mannucci E, Maggi M (2009) The association between varicocele, premature ejaculation and prostatitis symptoms: possible mechanisms. J Sex Med 6(10):2878–2887
21. Hussein AF (2006) The role of color Doppler ultrasound in prediction of the outcome of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy. J Urol 176(5):2141–2145
22. Ghanem MA, Safan MA, Ghanem AA, Dohle GR (2011) The role of varicocele sclerotherapy in men with severe oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. Asian J Androl 13(6):867–871
23. Gandini R, Konda D, Reale CA, Pampana E, Maresca L et al (2008) Male varicocele: transcatheter foam sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate—outcome in 244 patients. Radiology 246(2):612–618
24. Cayan S, Kadioglu TC, Tefekli A, Kadioglu A, Tellaloglu S (2000) Comparison of results and complications of high ligation surgery and microsurgical high inguinal varicocelectomy in the treatment of varicocele. Urology 55(5):750–754
25. Diegidio P, Jhaveri JK, Ghannam S, Pinkhasov R, Shabsigh R et al (2011) Review of current varicocelectomy techniques and their outcomes. BJU Int 108:1157–1172
26. D’Andrea S, Giordano AV, Carducci S, Sacchetti L, Necozione S et al (2015) Embolization of left spermatic vein in non-obstructive azoospermic men with varicocele: role of FSH to predict the appearance of ejaculated spermatozoa after treatment. J Endocrinol Invest 38(7):785–790
27. World Health Organization (2010) WHO manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
28. Ayala C, Steinberger E, Smith DP (1996) The influence of semen analysis parameters on the fertility potential of infertile couples. J Androl 17(6):718–725
29. Hamilton JA, Cissen M, Brandes M, Smeenk JM, de Bruin JP, Kremer JA, Nelen WL, Hamilton CJ (2015) Total motile sperm count: a better indicator for the severity of male factor infertility than the WHO sperm classification system. Hum Reprod 30(5):1110–1121
30. Borges E Jr (2016) Total motile sperm count: a better way to rate the severity of male factor infertility? JBRA Assist Reprod 20(2):47–48
31. Pezzella A, Barbonetti A, Micillo A, D’Andrea S, Necozione S et al (2013) Ultrasonographic determination of caput epididymis diameter is strongly predictive of obstruction in the genital tract in azoospermic men with normal serum FSH. Andrology 1:133–138
32. Steckel J, Dicker AP, Goldstein M (1993) Relationship between varicocele size and response to varicocelectomy. J Urol 149(4):769–771
33. Pilatz A, Altinkilic B, Köhler E, Marconi M, Weidner W (2011) Color Doppler ultrasound imaging in varicoceles: is the venous diameter sufficient for predicting clinical and subclinical varicocele? World J Urol 29(5):645–650
34. Bakirtas H, Cakan M, Tuygun C, Soylu SO, Ersoy H (2009) Is there any additional benefit of venous diameter and retrograde flow volume as measured by ultrasonography to the diagnosis of suspected low-grade varicoceles? Urol Int 82(4):453–458