Pseudoreplication and the usage of biomarkers in ecotoxicological bioassays

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Volumn 36, Issue 10, 2017, Pages 2868-2874

  Tincani, Flávio H ^a   Galvan, Gabrieli L ^a   Marques, Antonio E M L ^a   Santos, Gustavo S ^a   Pereira, Letícia S ^a   da Silva, Thiago A ^a   Silva de Assis, Helena C ^a   Barbosa, Ronilson V ^a   Cestari, Marta M ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARANÁ   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Bioassay; Ecotoxicology; Experimental unit; Pseudoreplication; Statistical independence

Indexed keywords

ECOLOGY; STATISTICS;

ECO-TOXICOLOGY; ECOTOXICOLOGICAL BIOASSAYS; EXPERIMENTAL UNIT; INFERENTIAL STATISTICS; PSEUDOREPLICATION; SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY; STATISTICAL INDEPENDENCE; SUB-OPTIMAL DESIGNS;

BIOASSAY;

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; MALATHION; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE;

BIOASSAY; BIOMARKER; ECOTOXICOLOGY; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

ARTICLE; BIOASSAY; CELL SUSPENSION; COMET ASSAY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECOTOXICOLOGY; ERYTHROCYTE; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; INFERENTIAL STATISTICS; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MACROINVERTEBRATE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ZEBRA FISH; ANIMAL; BEETLE; CYTOLOGY; DRUG EFFECTS; ENZYMOLOGY; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MUSCLE; PHYSIOLOGY;

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL ASSAY; BIOMARKERS; COLEOPTERA; COMET ASSAY; ECOTOXICOLOGY; ERYTHROCYTES; MALATHION; MUSCLES; RESEARCH DESIGN; ZEBRAFISH;

EID: 85019633369     PISSN: 07307268     EISSN: 15528618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/etc.3823     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Carson R. 1962. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, USA.
2. Spengler JD, Sexton KA. 1983 Indoor air pollution: A public health perspective. Science 221:9–17.
3. Sungmin H, Candelone JP, Patterson CC, Boutron CF. 1996. History of ancient copper smelting pollution during Roman and Medieval times recorded in Greenland ice. Science 272:246–249.
4. Truhaut R. 1977. Ecotoxicology: Objectives, principles and perspectives. Ecotox Environ Safe 1:151–173.
5. Walker CH, Sibly RM, Hopkin SP, Peakall DB. 2012. Principles of Ecotoxicology, 4th ed. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
6. Hurlbert SH. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol Monogr 54:187–211.
7. Underwood AJ. 1994. On beyond BACI: Sampling designs that might reliably detect environmental disturbances. Ecol Appl 4:3–15.
8. Hurlbert SH. 2004. On misinterpretations of pseudoreplication and related matters: A reply to Oksanen. Oikos 104:591–597.
9. Heffner RA, Butler MJ, Reilly CK. 1996. Pseudoreplication revisited. Ecology 77:2558–2562.
10. Lazic SE. 2010. The problem of pseudoreplication in neuroscientific studies: Is it affecting your analysis? Neuroscience 11:1–17.
11. Krull M, Barros F, Newman M. 2013. Pseudoreplication in ecotoxicology. Integr Environ Assess Manag 9:531–540.
12. Hawkins CP. 1986. Pseudo-understanding of pseudoreplication: A cautionary note. Bull Ecol Soc Am 67:184–185.
13. Oksanen L. 2001. Logic of experiments in ecology: Is pseudoreplication a pseudoissue? Oikos 94:27–38.
14. Oksanen L. 2004. The devil lies in details: Reply to Stuart Hurlbert. Oikos 104:598–604.
15. Tatarnikov DV. 2005. On methodological aspects of ecological experiments (comments on M. V. Kozlov publication). Zh Obshch Biol 66:90–93.
16. Schank JC, Koehnle TJ. 2009. Pseudoreplication is a pseudoproblem. J Comp Psychol 123:421–433.
17. Hargrove WW, Pickering J. 1992. Pseudoreplication: A sine qua non for regional ecology. Landscape Ecol 6:251–258.
18. Millar RB, Anderson JA. 2004. Remedies for pseudoreplication. Fish Res 70:397–407.
19. Kozlov MV, Hurlbert SH. 2006. Pseudoreplication, chatter, and the international nature of science: A response to D. V. Tatarnikov. Zh Obshch Biol 67:145–152.
20. Nikinmaa M, Celander M, Tjeerdema R. 2012. Replication in aquatic biology: The result is often pseudoreplication. Aquat Toxicol 3:116–117.
21. Bastos AC, Monaghan KA, Pestana JLT, Lillebo AI, Loureiro S. 2013. A comment on the editorial “Replication in aquatic biology: The result is often pseudoreplication.” Aquat Toxicol 126:467–470.
22. Cottenie K, De Meester L. 2003. Comment to Oksanen (2001): Reconciling Oksanen (2001) and Hurlbert (1984). Oikos 100:394–396.
23. Kozlov MV. 2007. Improper sampling design and pseudoreplicated analysis: Conclusions by Velickovic (2004) questioned. Hereditas 144:43–44.
24. Gervais JA, Luukinen B, Buhl K, Stone D. 2009. Malathion technical fact sheet. National Pesticide Information Center, Oregon State University Extension Services. [cited 2014 June 20]. Available from: http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/malatech.pdf
25. Ansari BA, Kumar K. 1984. Malathion toxicity: In vivo inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the fish Brachydanio rerio (Cyprinidae). Toxicol Lett 20:283–287.
26. Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres VJ, Featherstone RM. 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 7:88–95.
27. Silva de Assis HC. 1998. Der Einsatz Von Biomarkern zur summarischen Erfassung von Gewässerverschmutzungen. PhD thesis, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
28. Speit G, Hartmann A. 1999. The comet assay (single-cell gel test). A sensitive genotoxicity test for the detection of DNA damage and repair. Methods in Molecular Biology 113:203–212.
29. Ferraro MVM, Fenocchio AS, Mantovani MS, Ribeiro CDO, Cestari MM. 2004. Mutagenic effects of tributyltin and inorganic lead (Pb II) on the 89 fish H. malabaricus as evaluated using the comet assay and the piscine micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests. Genet Mol Biol 27:103–107.
30. Cestari MM, Lemos PMM, Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Alves Costa JRM, Pelletier E, Ferraro MVM, Mantovani MS, Fenocchio AS. 2004. Genetic damage induced by trophic doses of lead in the neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) as revealed by the comet assay and chromosomal aberrations. Genet Mol Biol 27:270–274.
31. Collins AR, Dobson VL, Dusinská M, Kennedy G, Stĕtina R. 1997. The comet assay: What can it really tell us? Mutat Res 375:183–193.
32. Bradford M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254.
33. Kumar R, Nagpure NS, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK. 2010. Investigation of the genotoxicity of malathion to freshwater teleost fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) using the micronucleus test and comet assay. Arch Environ Con Tox 58:123–130.
34. Eaton JG. 1970. Chronic malathion toxicity to the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus rafinesque). Water Res 4:673–684.
35. Coppage DI, Matthews E, Cook GH, Knight J. 1975. Brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition in fish as a diagnosis of environmental poisoning by malathion, O,O-dimethyl S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl) phosphorodithioatel. Pestic Biochem Phys 5:536–542.
36. Sailatha D, Sahib IKA, Rao KVR. 1981. Toxicity of technical and commercial grade malathion to the fish, Tilapia mossambica (Peters). Proc Indian AS-Anim Sci 90:87–92.
37. Richmonds CR, Dutta HM. 1992. Effect of malathion on the brain acetylcholinesterase activity of bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus. B Environ Contam Tox 49:431–435.
38. Pathiratne A, George SG. 1998. Toxicity of malathion to Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and modulation by other environmental contaminants. Aquat Toxicol 43:261–271.
39. Beauvais SL, Jones SB, Brewer SK, Little EE. 2000. Physiological measures of neurotoxicity of diazinon and malathion to larval rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their correlation with behavioral measures. Environ Toxicol Chem 19:1875–1880.
40. Singh SK, Tripathi PK, Yadav RP, Singh D, Singh A. 2004. Toxicity of malathion and carbaryl pesticides: Effects on some biochemical profiles of the freshwater fish Colisa fasciatus. B Environ Contam Tox 72:592–599.
41. Pandey S, Kumar R, Sharma S, Nagpure NS, Srivastava SK, Verma MS. 2005. Acute toxicity bioassays of mercuric chloride and malathion on air-breathing fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Ecotox Environ Safe 61:114–120.
42. Venkataramana GV, Rani NS, Murthy PS. 2006. Impact of malathion on the biochemical parameters of gobiid fish, Glossogobius giuris (Ham). J Environ Biol 27:119–122.
43. Barbieri E, Ferreira LAA. 2011. Effects of the organophosphate pesticide Folidol 600® on the freshwater fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Pestic Biochem Phys 99:209–214.
44. Mount DI, Stephan CE. 2015. A method for establishing acceptable toxicant limits for fish—Malathion and the butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-D. T Am Fish Soc 96:185–193.
45. Parveen N, Shadab GGHA. 2011. Evaluation of micronuclei and haematological profiles as genotoxic assays in Channa punctatus exposed to malathion. Int J Sci Nat 2:625–631.
46. Rico A, Waichman AV, Geber-Corrêa R, van den Brink PJ. 2011. Effects of malathion and carbendazim on Amazonian freshwater organisms: Comparison of tropical and temperate species sensitivity distributions. Ecotoxicology 20:625–634.
47. Thenmozhi C, Vignesh V, Thirumurugan R, Arun S. 2011. Impacts of malathion on mortality and biochemical changes of freshwater fish Labeo rohita. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 8:387–394.
48. Ahmad Z. 2012. Toxicity bioassay and effects of sub-lethal exposure of malathion on biochemical composition and hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus. African Journal of Biotechnology 11:8578–8585.
49. Al-Ghanim KA. 2012. Malathion toxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus—A hematological and biochemical study. African Journal of Biotechnology 7:561–567.
50. Deka S, Mahanta R. 2012. A study on the effect of organophosphorus pesticide malathion on hepato-renal and reproductive organs of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Science Probe 1:1–13.
51. Fahmy GH. 2012. Malathion toxicity: Effect on some metabolic activities in Oreochromis Niloticus, the tilapia fish. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics 2:52–55.
52. Rani SPN, Venkataramana GV. 2012. Effects of the organophosphorous malathion on the branchial gills of a freshwater fish Glossogobius giuris (Ham). Int J Sci Nat 3:324–330.
53. Magar RS, Bias UE. 2013. Histopathological impact of malathion on the ovary of the fresh water fish Channa punctatus. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences 2:59–61.
54. Magar RS, Shaikh A. 2013. Effect of malathion on acid phosphatase activity of fresh water fish Channa punctatus. International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences 3:720–722.
55. Roopavathy J, Sukumaran M, Rengarajan R, Ravichelvan R, Narasiman N. 2013. Toxicity of malathion on metabolic activities in the river Cauvery of tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus). International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archive 4:986–989.
56. Kandiel MMM, El-Asely AM, Radwan HA, Abbass AA. 2014. Modulation of genotoxicity and endocrine disruptive effects of malathion by dietary honeybee pollen and propolis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Advanced Research 5:671–684.
57. Yonar SM, Ural MS, Silici S, Yonar ME. 2014. Malathion-induced changes in the haematological profile, the immune response, and the oxidative/antioxidant status of Cyprinus Carpio carpio: Protective role of propolis. Ecotox Environ Safe 102:202–209.
58. Sadeghi A, Imanpoor MR. 2015. Investigation of LC50, NOEC, and LOEC of oxadiazon, deltamethrin, and malathion on platy fish (Xiphophorus maculatus). Iranian Journal of Toxicology 9:1271–1276.
59. Jayaprakash G, Raju N, Rao BT, Venkaiah Y. 2015. Effect of malathion (an organo phosphate) on biochemical constituents of fresh water cat fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences 4:668–677.
60. Banaee M, Sureda A, Shahaf S, Fazilat N. 2015. Protective effects of silymarin extract on malthion-induced zebra cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) hepatotoxicity. Iranian Journal of Toxicology 9:1240–1246.
61. Borthakur MK. 2015. Comparative study of tissue lipid and protein peroxides as oxidative stress markers in sublethal malathion exposed Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 3:407–412.