Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A neuro-psychiatric emergency: Recognition, prevention, and management

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 29, Issue , 2017, Pages 106-109

  Velamoor, Raj ^a,b  

^a LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b WESTERN UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Autonomic dysfunction; Consensus criteria; Dopamine agonists; Dopamine blockade; Hyperthermia; Management; Mental status change; Rigidity; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; BENZODIAZEPINE; BROMOCRIPTINE; DANTROLENE; LORAZEPAM;

BLOOD ANALYSIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; HUMAN; INTERSECTORAL COLLABORATION; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POLYPHARMACY; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYMPTOM; AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY; COMPLICATION; FEVER; MUSCLE RIGIDITY;

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEVER; HUMANS; MUSCLE RIGIDITY; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 85019133154     PISSN: 18762018     EISSN: 18762026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.05.004     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Alexander, P.J., Thomas, R.M., Das, A., Is risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome increased in the postpartum period?. J. Clin. Psychiatry 59:5 (1998), 254–255.
2. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM IV-TR. 4th ed., 2000, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C.
3. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM V. 2013, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
4. Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Med. Clin North Am. 77:1 (1993), 185–202.
5. Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Campbell, E.C., Atypical antipsychotics and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Psychiatr. Ann. 30:5 (2000), 314–321.
6. Caroff, S.N., Cambell, C.E., Sullivan, K.A., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in elderly patients. Expert Rev. Neurother. 7:4 (2007), 423–431.
7. Chopra, M.P., Prakash, S.S., Raguram, R., The neuroleptic malignant syndrome: an Indian experience. Compr. Psychiatry 40:1 (1999), 19–23.
8. Davis, J.M., Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Treatment of neuroleptic malignant, syndrome. Psychiatr. Ann. 30:5 (2000), 325–331.
9. Delay J, Deniker P., 1968. Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes, in: Vinken P.J., Bruyn G.W. (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 6: Diseases of the Basal Ganglia, Amsterdam, North-Holland, pp. 248–266.
10. Francis, A., Chandragiri, S., Rizvi, S., Koch, M., Petrides, G., Is Lorazepam a treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?. CNS Spectr. 5:7 (2000), 54–57.
11. Gurrera, R.J., Caroff, S.N., Cohen, A., Carroll, B.T., DeRoos, F., Francis, A., et al. An international consensus study of neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnostic criteria. J. Clin. Psychiatry 72:9 (2011), 1222–1228.
12. Gurrera, R.J., Mortillaro, G., Velamoor, V.R., Caroff, S.N., A validation study of the international consensus diagnostic criteria for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 37:1 (2017), 67–71.
13. Gurrera, R.J., Sympathoadrenal hyperactivity and the etiology of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Am. J. Psychiatry 156:2 (1999), 169–180.
14. Hall, R.C., Appleby, B., Hall, R.C., Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome presenting as fever of unknown origin in the elderly. South Med. J. 98:1 (2005), 114–117.
15. Hall, R.C.W., Hall, R.C.W., Chapman, M., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the elderly: diagnostic criteria, incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment. Clin. Geriatr. 14:5 (2006), 39–46.
16. Kawanishi, C., Genetic predisposition to neuroleptic malignant syndrome: implications for antipsychotic therapy. Am. J. Pharmacogenomics 3:2 (2003), 89–95.
17. Khaldarov, V., Benzodiazepines for treatment of neuroleptic nalignant syndrome. Hosp. Phys. 6:September (2000), 51–55.
18. Krause, T., Gerbershagen, M.U., Fiege, M., Weisshorn, R., Wappler, F., Dantrolene – a review of its pharmacology, therapeutic use and new developments. Anaesthesia 59:4 (2004), 364–373.
19. Mann, S.C., Caroff, S.N., Bleier, H.R., Weltz, W.K., Kling, M.A., Hayashida, M., Lethal catatonia. Am. J. Psychiatry 143:11 (1986), 1374–1381.
20. Mann, S.C., Caroff, S.N., Fricchione, G., Campbell, C., Central dopamine hypoactivity and the pathogenesis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Psychiatr. Ann. 30:5 (2000), 363–374.
21. Mizuno, Y., Takubo, H., Mizuta, E., Kuno, S., Malignant syndrome in Parkinson's disease: concept and review of the literature. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 1:April Suppl. (9) (2003), S3–9.
22. Patil, S.P., Subramanyam, A.A., Kamath, R.M., Low serum iron as a possible risk factor for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. Int. J. Appl. Basic Med. Res. 4:2 (2014), 117–118.
23. Pope, H.G., Keck, P.E. Jr., McElroy, S.L., Frequency and presentation of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a large psychiatric hospital. Am. J. Psychiatry 143:10 (1986), 1227–1233.
24. Rosebush, P.I., Mazurek, M.F., Serum iron and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Lancet 338:8760 (1991), 149–151.
25. Sakkas, P., Davis, J.M., Janucak, P.G., Wang, Z.Y., Drug treatment of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 27:3 (1991), 381–384.
26. Seitz, D.P., Gill, S.S., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome complicating antipsychotic treatment of delirium or agitation in medical and surgical patients: case reports and a review of the literature. Psychomatics 50:1 (2009), 8–15.
27. Sewell, D.D., Jeste, J.D., Distinguishing neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) from NMS-like acute medical illnesses: a study of 34 cases. J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. 4:3 (1992), 265–269.
28. Strawn, J.R., Keck, P.E., Caroff, S.N., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Am. J. Psychiatry 164:6 (2007), 870–876.
29. Topka, H., Buchkremer, G., Lethal catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and myositis ossificans. Nervenarzt 67:5 (1996), 413–417.
30. Unützer J., Harbin H., Schoenbaum M., Druss B.G., 2013. The collaborative care model: An approach for integrating physical and mental health care in Medicaid health homes. Health Home Resource Center Brief. (May 2013) 1–13.
31. Velamoor, R., State, S.A., Collaborative mental health care: the evolving narrative in primary care. State, S.A., Vingilis, E., (eds.) Applied Research and Evaluation in Community Mental Health Services: An Update of Key Research Domains, 1st ed., 2011, McGill-Queen's University Press, Quebec, 160–181.
32. Velamoor, V.R., Norman, R.M., Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Sullivan, K.A., Antelo, E., Progression of symptoms in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 182:3 (1994), 168–173.
33. Velamoor, V.R., Swamy, G.N., Parmar, R.S., Williamson, P., Caroff, S., Management of suspected neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Can J. Psychiatry 40:9 (1995), 545–550.
34. Velamoor, V.R., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Recognition, prevention and Management. Drug Saf. 19:1 (1998), 73–82.
35. Woodbury, M., Woodbury, M., Neuroleptic-induced catatonia as a stage in the progression toward neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry 31:6 (1992), 1161–1164.
36. Yacoub, A., Francis, A., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by atypical neuroleptics and responsive to Lorazepam. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat., 2(2), 2006, 23.