Controversies in Narcissism

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

Volumn 13, Issue , 2017, Pages 291-315

  Miller, Joshua D ^a   Lynam, Donald R ^b   Hyatt, Courtland S ^a   Campbell, W Keith ^a  

^a University of Georgia   (United States)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Assessment; Expert ratings; Grandiose narcissism; Personality traits; Vulnerable narcissism

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONSENSUS; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISTRESS SYNDROME; HUMAN; NARCISSISM; SELF ESTEEM; CLASSIFICATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERSONALITY DISORDER;

HUMANS; NARCISSISM; PERSONALITY DISORDERS;

EID: 85019078467     PISSN: 15485943     EISSN: 15485951     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045244     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Ackerman RA, Donnellan MB, Roberts BW, Fraley RC. 2016a. The effect of response format on the psychometric properties of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory: consequences for item meaning and factor structure. Assessment 23:203-20
2. Ackerman RA, Hands AJ, Donnellan MB, Hopwood CJ,Witt EA. 2016b. Experts' views regarding the conceptualization of narcissism. J. Personal. Disord. In press
3. Am. Psychiatr. Assoc. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM 5. Arlington, VA: Am. Psychiatr. 5th ed
4. AmesDR, Rose P, Anderson CP. 2006. TheNPI-16 as a shortmeasure of narcissism. J. Res. Personal. 40:440-50
5. Back MD, Küfner AC, Dufner M, Gerlach TM, Rauthmann JF, Denissen JJ. 2013. Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 105:1013-37
6. Barnett MD, Womack PM. 2015. Fearing, not loving, the reflection: narcissism, self-esteem, and selfdiscrepancy theory. Personal. Individ. Differ. 74:280-84
7. Barry CT, Frick PJ, Adler KK, Grafeman SJ. 2007. The predictive utility of narcissism among children and adolescents: evidence for a distinction between adaptive and maladaptive narcissism. J. Child Fam. Stud. 16:508-21
8. BetanE,Heim AK, Conklin CZ,WestenD. 2005. Countertransference phenomena and personality pathology in clinical practice: an empirical investigation. Am. J. Psychiatry. 162:890-98
9. Blashfield RK, Intoccia V. 2000. Growth of the literature on the topic of personality disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 157:472-73
10. Blashfield RK, Reynolds SM. 2012. An invisible college view of the DSM-5 personality disorder classification. J. Personal. Disord. 26:821-29
11. Bosson JK, Lakey CE, Campbell WK, Zeigler-Hill V, Jordan CH, Kernis MH. 2008. Untangling the links between narcissism and self-esteem: a theoretical and empirical review. Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass 2:1415-39
12. Brown RP, Budzek K, Tamborski M. 2009. On the meaning and measure of narcissism. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 35:951-64
13. Brummelman E, Thomaes S, Nelemans SA, Castro BO, Overbeek G, et al. 2015. Origins of grandiose narcissism. narcissism in children. PNAS 112:3659-62
14. Brunell AB, Fisher TD. 2014. Using the bogus pipeline to investigate grandiose narcissism. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 55:37-42
15. Cain NM, Pincus AL, Ansell EB. 2008. Narcissism at the crossroads: phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social-personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 28:638-56
16. Campbell WK, Bosson JK, Goheen TW, Lakey CE, Kernis MH. 2007. Do narcissists dislike themselves "deep down inside"? Psychol. Sci. 18:227-29
17. Campbell WK, Goodie AS, Foster JD. 2004. Narcissism, confidence, and risk attitude. J. Behav. Decis. Mak. 17:297-311
18. Campbell WK, Miller JD. 2011. Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
19. Campbell WK,Miller JD. 2013. Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and the five-factor model: delineating NPD, grandiose narcissism, and vulnerable narcissism. In Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality, ed. TA Widiger, PT Costa, pp. 133-46. Washington, DC: APA. 3rd ed
20. Campbell WK, Rudich EA, Sedikides C. 2002. Narcissism, self-esteem, and the positivity of self-views: two portraits of self-love. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 28:358-68
21. Carlson KS, Gjerde PF. 2009. Preschool personality antecedents of narcissism in adolescence and young adulthood: a 20-year longitudinal study. J. Res. Personal. 43:570-78
22. Cleckley H. 1941. The Mask of Sanity. St. Louis, MO: Mosby
23. Costa PT, McCrae RR. 1992. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Lutz, FL: PAR
24. Cramer P. 2011. Young adult narcissism: a 20 year longitudinal study of the contribution of parenting styles, preschool precursors of narcissism, and denial. J. Res. Personal. 45:19-28
25. Cronbach LJ, Meehl PE. 1955. Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychol. Bull. 52:281-302
26. Dickinson KA, Pincus AL. 2003. Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. J. Personal. Disord. 17:188-207
27. Fazio RH, OlsonMA. 2003. Implicit measures in social cognition research: their meaning and use. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 54:297-327
28. Few LR, Miller JD, Rothbaum AO, Meller S, Maples J, et al. 2013. Examination of the section III DSM-5 diagnostic system for personality disorders in an outpatient clinical sample. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 122:1057-69
29. Foster JD, McCain JL, HibbertsMF, Brunell AB, Johnson RB. 2015. The grandiose narcissism scale: a global and facet-level measure of grandiose narcissism. Personal. Individ. Differ. 3:12-16
30. Foster JD, Reidy DE, Misra TA, Goff JS. 2011. Narcissism and stock market investing: correlates and consequences of cocksure investing. Personal. Individ. Differ. 50:816-21
31. Foster JD, Trimm RF. 2008. On being eager and uninhibited: narcissism and approach-avoidance motivation. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 34:1004-17
32. Giacomin M, Jordan CH. 2016. The wax and wane of narcissism: grandiose narcissism as a process or state. J. Personal. 84:154-64
33. Glover N, Miller JD, Lynam DR, Crego C, Widiger TA. 2012. The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: a five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. J. Personal. Assess. 94:500-12
34. Hendin HM, Cheek JM. 1997. Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: a reexamination of Murray's Narcissism Scale. J. Res. Personal. 31:588-99
35. Horton RS, Bleau G, Drwecki B. 2006. Parenting narcissus: What are the links between parenting and narcissism? J. Personal. 74:345-76
36. Horton RS, Tritch T. 2014. Clarifying the links between grandiose narcissism and parenting. J. Psychol. Interdiscip. Appl.148:133-43
37. Kernberg OF. 1975. Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism. New York: Aronson
38. Kernberg OF. 1986. Factors in the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personalities. In Essential Papers on Narcissism, ed. AP Morrison, pp. 213-44. New York/London: NYU Press
39. Kohut H. 1977. The Restoration of Self. Madison, CT: Int. Univ. Press
40. Kotov R, Krueger RF, Watson D, Achenbach TM, Althoff RR, et al. 2017. The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP): a dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. J. Abnorm. Psychol. In press
41. Krizan Z, Johar O. 2015. Narcissistic rage revisited. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 108:784-801
42. Krueger RF. 2013. Personality disorders are the vanguard of the post-DSM-5.0 era. Personal Disord. Theory Res. Treat. 4:355-62
43. Lavner J, Lamkin J, Miller JD, Campbell WK, Carney B. 2016. Narcissism and newlywed marriage: partner characteristics and marital trajectories. Personal. Disord. Theory Res. Treat. 7:169-79
44. Levy KN, Reynoso JS, Wasserman RH, Clarkin JF. 2007. Narcissistic personality disorder. In Personality Disorders: Toward the DSM-V, ed. W O'Donohue, KA Fowler, SO Lilienfeld, pp. 233-77. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
45. Livesley J. 2013. TheDSM-5 personality disorder proposal and future directions in the diagnostic classification of personality disorder. Psychopathology 46:207-16
46. Lynam DR, Widiger TA. 2001. Using the five-factor model to represent the DSM-IV personality disorders: an expert consensus approach. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 110:401-12
47. Maples J, Miller JD, Wilson LF, Seibert LA, Few LR, Zeichner A. 2010. Narcissistic personality disorder and self-esteem: an examination of differential relations with self-report and laboratory-based aggression. J. Res. Personal. 44:559-63
48. Mechanic KL, Barry CT. 2015. Adolescent grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: associations with perceived parenting practices. J. Child Fam. Stud. 24:1510-18
49. Miller JD, Campbell WK. 2008. Comparing clinical and social-personality conceptualizations of narcissism. J. Personal. 76:449-76
50. Miller JD, Campbell WK, Pilkonis PA. 2007. Narcissistic personality disorder: relations with distress and functional impairment. Compr. Psychiatry 48:170-77312
51. Miller JD, Campbell WK, Young DL, Lakey CE, Reidy DE, et al. 2009a. Examining the relations among narcissism, impulsivity, and self-defeating behaviors. J. Personal. 77:761-94
52. Miller JD, Dir A,Gentile B, Wilson L, Pryor LR, Campbell WK. 2010a. Searching for a vulnerable dark triad: comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. J. Personal. 78:1529-64
53. Miller JD, Gaughan ET, Pryor LR, Kamen C, Campbell WK. 2009b. Is research using the NPI relevant for understanding narcissistic personality disorder? J. Res. Personal. 43:482-88
54. Miller JD, Gentile B, Campbell WK. 2013a. A test of the construct validity of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory. J. Personal. Assess. 95:377-87
55. Miller JD, Gentile B, Wilson L, Campbell WK. 2013b. Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and the DSM-5 pathological personality trait model. J. Personal. Assess. 95:284-90
56. Miller JD, Hoffman BJ, Gaughan ET, Gentile B, Maples J, Campbell WK. 2011. Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: a nomological network analysis. J. Personal. 79:1013-42
57. Miller JD, Lynam DR. 2013. Missed opportunities in the DSM-5 section III personality disorder model: Commentary on 'Personality disorders are the vanguard of the post-DSM-5.0 era.' Personal. Disord. Theory Res Treat. 4:365-66
58. Miller JD, Lynam DR. 2015. Using self-and informant reports in the assessment of personality pathology in clinical settings-An easy and effective 1-2 combination. Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract. 22:20-24
59. Miller JD, Lynam DR, Campbell WK. 2016a. Measures of narcissism and their relations to DSM-5 pathological traits: a critical re-appraisal. Assessment 23:3-9
60. Miller JD, Lynam DR, Campbell WK. 2016b. Rejoinder: a construct validation approach to the assessment of narcissism. Assessment 23:18-22
61. Miller JD, Lynam DR, McCain JL, Few LR, Crego C, et al. 2016c. Thinking structurally: a test of the factor structure of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory. J. Personal. Disord. 30:1-18
62. Miller JD, Lynam DR, Siedor L, Campbell WK. 2017. Consensual lay profiles of narcissism and their connection to the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory. Psychol. Assess. In press. https://doi.org/10.1037/ pas0000460
63. Miller JD, Lynam DR, Widiger TA, Leukefeld C. 2001. Personality disorders as extreme variants of common personality dimensions: Can the five factor model adequately represent psychopathy? J. Personal. 69:253-76
64. Miller JD, McCain J, Lynam DR, Few LR, Gentile B, et al. 2014a. A comparison of the criterion validity of popular measures of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder via the use of expert ratings. Psychol. Assess. 26:958-969
65. Miller JD, Price J, Campbell WK. 2012a. Is the Narcissistic Personality Inventory still relevant? A test of independent grandiosity and entitlement scales in the assessment of narcissism. Assessment 19:8-13
66. Miller JD, Price J, Gentile B, Lynam DR, Campbell WK. 2012b. Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism from the perspective of the interpersonal circumplex. Personal. Individ. Differ. 53:507-12
67. Miller JD, Widiger TA, Campbell WK. 2010b. Narcissistic personality disorder and the DSM-5. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 119:640-49
68. Miller JD, Widiger TA, Campbell WK. 2014b. Vulnerable narcissism: commentary for the special series "Narcissistic personality disorder-new perspectives on diagnosis and treatment." Personal. Disord. Theory Res. Treat. 5:450-51
69. MillonT,Grossman S,MillonC,Meagher S, Ramnath R. 2004. Personality Disorders inModern Life.Hoboken, NJ:Wiley
70. MoreyLC, Stagner BH. 2012. Narcissistic pathology as core personality dysfunction:Comparing theDSM-IV and the DSM-5 proposal for narcissistic personality disorder. J. Clin. Psychol. 68:908-21
71. Morf C, Rhodewalt F. 2001. Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: a dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychol. Inq. 12:177-96
72. Morf CC, Sch ürch E, Küfner A, Siegrist P, Vater A, et al. 2016. Expanding the nomological net of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory: German validation and extension in a clinical inpatient sample. Assessment. In press
73. Myers EM, Zeigler-Hill V. 2012. How much do narcissists really like themselves? Using the bogus pipeline procedure to better understand the self-esteem of narcissists. J. Res. Personal. 46:102-5
74. O'Boyle EH, Forsyth DR, Banks GC, Story PA, White CD. 2015. A meta-analytic test of redundancy and relative importance of the dark triad and five-factor model of personality. J. Personal. 83:644-64
75. O'Connor BP. 2005. A search for consensus on the dimensional structure of personality disorders. J. Clin. Psychol. 61:323-45
76. Ogrodniczuk JS, PiperWE, Joyce AS, Steinberg PI, Duggal S. 2009. Interpersonal problems associated with narcissism among psychiatric outpatients. J. Psychiatr. Res. 43:837-42
77. Orth U, Luciano EC. 2015. Self-esteem, narcissism, and stressful life events: testing for selection and socialization. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 109:707-21
78. Otway LJ, Vignoles VL. 2006. Narcissism and childhood recollections: a quantitative test of psychoanalytic predictions. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 32:104-16
79. Paulhus DL. 1998. Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: a mixed blessing? J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 74:1197-208
80. Paulhus DL, Williams KM. 2002. The dark triad of personality: narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. J. Res. Personal. 36:556-63
81. Pilkonis PA, Hallquist MN, Morse JQ, Stepp SD. 2011. Striking the (im)proper balance between scientific advances and clinical utility: commentary on the DSM-5 proposal for personality disorders. Personal. Disord. Theory Res. Treat. 2:68-82
82. Pincus AL, Ansell EB, Pimentel CA, Cain NM,Wright A, Levy KN. 2009. Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychol. Assess. 21:365-79
83. Pincus AL, Lukowitsky MR. 2010. Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 6:421-46
84. Ronningstam E. 2009. Narcissistic personality disorder: facing DSM-V. Psychiatr. Ann. 39: 111-21
85. Ronningstam E. 2011. Narcissistic personality disorder in DSM-V-in support of retaining a significant diagnosis. J. Personal. Disord. 25:248-59
86. Rosenthal SA, Hooley JM. 2010. Narcissism assessment in social-personality research: Does the association between narcissism and psychological health result from a confound with self-esteem? J. Res. Personal. 44:453-65
87. Roysamb E, Kendler KS, Tambs K, Orstavik RE, Neale MC, et al. 2011. The joint structure of DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 120:198-209
88. Samuel DB, Lynam DR,Widiger TA, Ball SA. 2012. An expert consensus approach to relating the proposed DSM-5 types and traits. Personal. Disord. Theory Res. Treat. 3:1-16
89. Samuel DB,Widiger TA. 2004. Clinicians' personality descriptions of prototypic personality disorders. J. Personal. Disord. 18:286-308
90. Samuel DB, Widiger TA. 2008a. A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: a facet level analysis. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 28:1326-42
91. Samuel DB, Widiger TA. 2008b. Convergence of narcissism measures from the perspective of general personality functioning. Assessment 15:264-374
92. Saulsman LM, Page AC. 2004. The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: a metaanalytic review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 23:1055-85
93. Sedikides C, Rudich EA, Gregg AP, Kumashiro M, Rusbult C. 2004. Are normal narcissists psychologically healthy? Self-esteem matters. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 87:400-16
94. Simms LJ, Goldberg LR,Watson D, Roberts J,Welte J. 2013. The CAT-PD project: Introducing an integrative model and efficient measure of personality disorder traits. Presented at Annu. Meet. Soc. Res. Psychopathol., Oakland, CA
95. Skodol AE. 2012. Personality disorders in DSM-5. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 8:317-44
96. Skodol AE, Clark LA, Bender DS, Krueger RF, Morey LC, et al. 2011. Proposed changes in personality and personality disorder assessment and diagnosis for DSM-5 Part I: description and rationale. Personal. Disord. Theory Res. Treat. 2:4-22
97. Smith GT, McCarthy DM, Zapolski TC. 2009. On the value of homogeneous constructs for construct validation, theory testing, and the description of psychopathology. Psychol. Assess. 21:272-84
98. Thomaes S, Brummelman E, Reijntjes A, Bushman BJ. 2013. When Narcissus was a boy: origins, nature, and consequences of childhood narcissism. Child Dev. Perspect. 7:22-26314
99. Thomas KM,Wright AGC, LukowitskyMR, Donnellan MB, Hopwood CJ. 2012. Evidence for the criterion validity and clinical utility of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Assessment 19:135-45
100. ThomasKM,Wright AGC,LukowitskyMR, Donnellan MB, Hopwood CJ. 2016. Correction to "Evidence for the criterion validity and clinical utility of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory." Assessment 23:262-63
101. Twenge JM, Campbell WK. 2003. "Isn't it fun to get the respect that we're going to deserve?" Narcissism, social rejection, and aggression. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 29:261-72
102. Vater A, Schroder-Abe M, Ritter K, Renneberg B, Schulze L, et al. 2013. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: a useful tool for assessing pathological narcissism? Evidence from patients with narcissistic personality disorder. J. Personal. Assess. 95:301-8
103. Vazire S. 2006. Informant reports: a cheap, fast, and easy method for personality assessment. J. Res. Personal. 40:472-81
104. Vernon PA, Villani VC, Vickers LC, Schermer JA. 2008. A behavioral genetic investigation of the dark triad and the Big Five. Personal. Individ. Differ.44:445-52
105. Vize CE, Lynam DR, Collison KL, Miller JD. 2016. Differences among dark triad components: A metaanalytic investigation. Personal. Disord. Theory Res. Treat. In press
106. Widiger TA. 2011. A shaky future for personality disorders. Personal. Disord. Theory Res. Treat. 2:54-67
107. Widiger TA, Costa PT Jr., McCrae RR. 2002. A proposal for Axis II: diagnosing personality disorders using the five-factor model. In Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality, ed. TA Widiger, PT Costa Jr., pp. 431-65. Washington, DC: Am. Psychol. Assoc. 2nd ed
108. Wink P. 1991. Two faces of narcissism. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 61:590-97
109. Wright AG. 2016. On the measure and mismeasure of narcissism: a response to "Measures of narcissism and their relations to DSM-5 pathological traits: a critical reappraisal". Assessment 23:10-17
110. Wright AG, Pincus AL, Thomas KM, Hopwood CJ, Markon KE, Krueger RF. 2013. Conceptions of narcissism and the DSM-5 pathological personality traits. Assessment 20:339-52
111. Wright AGC, Simms LJ. 2015. Ametastructuralmodel ofmental disorders and pathological personality traits. Psychol. Med. 45:2309-19
112. Zeigler-Hill V, ClarkCB, Pickard JD. 2008. Narcissistic subtypes and contingent self-esteem:Do all narcissists base their self-esteem on the same domains? J. Personal. 76:753-74
113. Zimmerman M, Rothschild L, Chelminski I. 2005. The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients. Am. J. Psychiatry 162:1911-18