Alternate-day versus daily energy restriction diets: which is more effective for weight loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Obesity Science and Practice

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 293-302

  Alhamdan, B A ^a   Garcia Alvarez, A ^a   Alzahrnai, A H ^a   Karanxha, J ^a   Stretchberry, D R ^a   Contrera, K J ^b   Utria, A F ^b   Cheskin, L J ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alternate day fasting; fat mass; obesity; very low calorie diet

Indexed keywords

BODY WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT MANAGEMENT; DIET RESTRICTION; FAT MASS; HUMAN; LOW CALORY DIET; META ANALYSIS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 85018646561     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20552238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/osp4.52     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. World Health Organization. Obesity and Overweight. URL http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. Updated January 2015. (accessed May 20 2015).
2. Del Corral P, Chandler-Laney PC, Casazza K, Gower BA, Hunter GR. Effect of dietary adherence with or without exercise on weight loss: a mechanistic approach to a global problem. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 1602–7.
3. Tsai AG, Wadden TA. The Evolution of Very-Low-Calorie Diets: An Update and Meta-analysis. Obesity 2006; 14: 1283–93.
4. Oberhauser F, Schulte DM, Faust M, et al. Weight loss due to a very low calorie diet differentially affects insulin sensitivity and interleukin-6 serum levels in nondiabetic obese human subjects. Horm Metab Res 2012; 44: 465–470.
5. Telch CF, Agras WS. The effects of a very low calorie diet on binge eating. Behav Ther 1993; 24: 177–93.
6. Smith DE, Wing RR. Diminished weight loss and behavioral compliance during repeated diets in obese patients with type II diabetes. Health Psychol 1991; 10: 378.
7. Varady KA. Intermittent versus daily calorie restriction: which diet regimen is more effective for weight loss? Obes Rev 2011; 12: e593–601.
8. Varady KA, Hellerstein MK. Alternate-day fasting and chronic disease prevention: a review of human and animal trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86: 7–13.
9. Klempel MC, Kroeger CM, Varady KA. Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a high-fat diet produces similar weight loss and cardio-protection as ADF with a low-fat diet. Metabolism 2013; 62: 137–143.
10. Varady KA, Bhutani S, Church EC, Klempel MC. Short-term modified alternate-day fasting: a novel dietary strategy for weight loss and cardioprotection in obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 1138–1143.
11. Longo VD, Mattson MP. Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Cell Metab 2014; 19: 181–92.
12. Arum O, Bonkowski MS, Rocha JS, Bartke A. The growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mouse fails to respond to an intermittent fasting diet. Aging Cell 2009; 8: 756–760.
13. Descamps O, Riondel J, Ducros V, Roussel AM. Mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and incidence of age-associated lymphoma in OF1 mice: effect of alternate-day fasting. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126: 1185–1191.
14. Berrigan D, Perkins SN, Haines DC, Hursting SD. Adult-onset calorie restriction and fasting delay spontaneous tumorigenesis in p53-deficient mice. Carcinogenesis 2002; 23: 817–822.
15. Lee C, Raffaghello L, Brandhorst S, et al. Fasting cycles retard growth of tumors and sensitize a range of cancer cell types to chemotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4: 124–127.
16. Arumugam TV, Phillips TM, Cheng A, Morrell CH, Mattson MP, Wan R. Age and energy intake interact to modify cell stress pathways and stroke outcome. Ann Neurol 2010; 67: 41–52.
17. Singh R, Manchanda S, Kaur T, et al. Middle age onset short-term intermittent fasting dietary restriction prevents brain function impairments in male Wistar rats. Biogerontology 2015; 16: 775–788. DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9603-y.
18. Bhutani SKM, Berger RA, Varady KA. Improvements in coronary heart disease risk indicators by alternate-day fasting involve adipose tissue modulations. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18: 2152–2159.
19. Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998; 52: 377–384.
20. Varady KA, Bhutani S, Klempel MC, et al. Alternate day fasting for weight loss in normal weight and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2013; 12: 146.
21. Bhutani S, Klempel MC, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Varady KA. Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21: 1370–1379.
22. Munro IA, Garg ML. Prior supplementation with long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promotes weight loss in obese adults: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Food Funct 2013; 4: 650–658.
23. Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM. Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation. Obes Res 2005; 13: 1195–1204.
24. Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Additional protein intake limits weight regain after weight loss in humans. Br J Nutr 2005; 93: 281–289.
25. Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, Nijs I, van Ooijen M, Kovacs EM. High protein intake sustains weight maintenance after body weight loss in humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 57–64.
26. Kovacs EM, Lejeune MP, Nijs I, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of green tea on weight maintenance after body-weight loss. Br J Nutr 2004; 91: 431–437.
27. Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effect of capsaicin on substrate oxidation and weight maintenance after modest body-weight loss in human subjects. Br J Nut 2003; 90: 651–659.
28. National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, National Institutes of Health. Very low-calorie diets. JAMA 1993; 270: 967–74.
29. Mustajoki P, Pekkarinen T. Very low energy diets in the treatment of obesity. Obes Rev 2001; 2: 61–72.
30. Saris WH. Very-low-calorie diets and sustained weight loss. Obes Res 2001; 9: 295–301S.
31. Wadden TA, Stunkard AJ, Brownell KD. Very low calorie diets: their efficacy, safety, and future. Ann Intern Med 1983; 99: 675–84.
32. Liddle RA, Goldstein RB, Saxton J. Gallstone formation during weight-reduction dieting. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1750–3.
33. Telch CF, Agras WS. The effects of a very low calorie diet on binge eating. Behav Ther 1993; 24: 177–93.
34. Wadden TA, Foster GD, Letizia KA. One-year behavioral treatment of obesity: comparison of moderate and severe caloric restriction and the effects of weight maintenance therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994; 62: 165.
35. Seimon RV, Roekenes JA, Zibellini J, et al. Do intermittent diets provide physiological benefits over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; pii: S0303–7207(15)30080-0. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.014[Epub ahead of print].
36. Klempel MC, Bhutani S, Fitzgibbon M, Freels S, Varady KA. Dietary and physical activity adaptations to alternate day modified fasting: implications for optimal weight loss. J Nutr 2010; 9: 1.
37. Johnstone A. Fasting for weight loss: an effective strategy or latest dieting trend&quest. Int J Obes 2015; 39: 727–33.
38. Dansinger ML, Gleason JA, Griffith JL, Selker HP, Schaefer EJ. Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial. JAMA 2005; 293: 43–53.
39. Warziski MT, Sereika SM, Styn MA, Music E, Burke LE. Changes in self-efficacy and dietary adherence: the impact on weight loss in the PREFER study. J Behav Med 2008; 31: 81–92.
40. Barnoski A, Klempel MC, Bhutani S et al. Modulation in Eating Behaviors by Alternate Day Fasting Versus Daily Calorie Restriction: Impact on Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance Success. Obesity Society Annual Meeting, abstract T-OR-2018, Los Angeles, CA November 4, 2015.
41. Scaglione R, Di Chiara T, Cariello T, Licata G. Visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome: two faces of the same medal? Intern Emerg Med 2010; 5: 111–119.
42. Garruti G, Depalo R, Vita MG, et al. Adipose tissue, metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome: from pathophysiology to treatment. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19: 552–563.
43. Eshghinia S, Gadgevich GM. Effect of short-term modified alternate-day fasting on the lipid metabolism in obese women. Iran J Diabetes Obes 2011; 3: 1–5.
44. Poynten AM, Markovic TP, Maclean EL, et al. Fat oxidation, body composition and insulin sensitivity in diabetic and normoglycaemic obese adults 5 years after weight loss. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 1212–1218.
45. Kudchodkar BJ, Sodhi HS, Mason DT, Borhani NO. Effects of acute caloric restriction on cholesterol metabolism in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1977; 30: 1135–1146.
46. Heilbronn LK, Civitarese AE, Bogacka I, Smith SR, Hulver M, Ravussin E. Glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle gene expression in response to alternate day fasting. Obes Res 2005; 13: 574–581.
47. Martin B, Pearson M, Kebejian L, et al. Sex-dependent metabolic, neuroendocrine, and cognitive responses to dietary energy restriction and excess. Endocrinology 2007; 148: 4318–4333.
48. Varady KA, Hoddy KK, Kroeger CM, et al. Determinants of weight loss success with alternate day fasting. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; pii: S1871–403X(15)00134-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.08.020.