Comparative effectiveness of vancomycin and metronidazole for the prevention of recurrence and death in patients with clostridium difficile infection

JAMA Internal Medicine

Volumn 177, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 546-553

  Stevens, Vanessa W ^a,b   Nelson, Richard E ^a,b   Schwab Daugherty, Elyse M ^c   Khader, Karim ^a,b   Jones, Makoto M ^a,b   Brown, Kevin A ^a,d   Greene, Tom ^b   Croft, Lindsay D ^a,b   Neuhauser, Melinda ^e   Glassman, Peter ^e,f   Bidwell, Goetz Matthew ^f   Samore, Matthew H ^a,b   Rubin, Michael A ^a,b  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^d PUBLIC HEALTH ONTARIO   (Canada)

^e VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Service   (United States)

^f VA GREATER LOS ANGELES HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN A; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN B; FIDAXOMICIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; METRONIDAZOLE; NITAZOXANIDE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RIFAXIMIN; VANCOMYCIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

AGED; ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; DEATH; DISEASE SEVERITY; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT INFECTION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DRUG EFFECTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FECES; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PEPTOCLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; PROCEDURES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES;

AGED; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; FECES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; METRONIDAZOLE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 85018193746     PISSN: 21686106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9045     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Gerding DN. Clostridium difficile 30 years on: what has, or has not, changed and why?. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009;33(suppl 1):S2-S8.
2. McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, et al. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(23):2433-2441.
3. Pépin J, Valiquette L, AlaryME, et al. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: A changing pattern of disease severity. CMAJ. 2004;171(5):466-472.
4. Chitnis AS, Holzbauer SM, Belflower RM, et al. Epidemiology of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection, 2009 through 2011. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(14):1359-1367.
5. Pituch H. Clostridium difficile is no longer just a nosocomial infection or an infection of adults. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009;33(suppl 1):S42-S45.
6. Lessa FC, Winston LG, McDonald LC; Emerging Infections Program C. difficile Surveillance Team. Burden of Clostridium difficile infection in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(24): 2369-2370.
7. Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al; Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(5):431-455.
8. Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(4):478-498.
9. Debast SB, BauerMP, Kuijper EJ; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: Update of the treatment guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(suppl 2):1-26
10. Teasley DG, Gerding DN, Olson MM, et al. Prospective randomised trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis. Lancet. 1983;2(8358):1043-1046.
11. Johnson S, Louie TJ, Gerding DN, et al; Polymer Alternative for CDI Treatment (PACT) Investigators. Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: Results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(3):345-354.
12. Zar FA, Bakkanagari SR, Moorthi KMLST, Davis MB. A comparison of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, stratified by disease severity. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(3):302-307.
13. Musher DM, Aslam S, Logan N, et al. Relatively poor outcome after treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis with metronidazole. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(11):1586-1590.
14. Guillemin I, Marrel A, Lambert J, et al. Patients' experience and perception of hospital-treated Clostridium difficile infections: A qualitative study. Patient. 2014;7(1):97-105.
15. Pépin J, Alary M-E, Valiquette L, et al. Increasing risk of relapse after treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis in Quebec, Canada. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40 (11):1591-1597.
16. Mitchell BG, Gardner A. Mortality and Clostridium difficile infection: A review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2012;1(1):20.
17. Takahashi M, Mori N, Bito S. Multi-institution case-control and cohort study of risk factors for the development and mortality of Clostridium difficile infections in Japan. BMJ Open. 2014;4(9):e005665.
18. Bagalman E. The number of veterans that use VA health care services: A fact sheet. https://fas.org /sgp/crs/misc/R43579.pdf. Published 2014. Accessed November 17, 2016.
19. Hebden JN, Anttila A, Allen-Bridson K, Morrell GC, Wright M-O, Horan T. Healthcare-associated infections studies project: An American Journal of Infection Control and National Healthcare Safety Network data quality collaboration-LabID Clostridium difficile event 2013. Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(10):916-917.
20. Evans ME, Kralovic SM, Simbartl LA, Jain R, Roselle GA. Effect of a Clostridium difficile infection prevention initiative in Veterans Affairs acute care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016;37(6): 720-722.
21. Reeves JS, Evans ME, Simbartl LA, et al. Clostridium difficile infections in Veterans Health Administration long-term care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):295-300.
22. Rubin DB. The design versus the analysis of observational studies for causal effects: Parallels with the design of randomized trials. Stat Med. 2007;26(1):20-36.
23. Hernán MA, Alonso A, Logan R, et al. Observational studies analyzed like randomized experiments: An application to postmenopausal hormone therapy and coronary heart disease. Epidemiology. 2008;19(6):766-779.
24. JonesM, Huttner B, Madaras-Kelly K, et al. Parenteral to oral conversion of fluoroquinolones: Low-hanging fruit for antimicrobial stewardship programs?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012;33 (4):362-367.
25. McDonald LCMD, Coignard B, Dubberke E, Song X, Horan T, Kutty PKMD; Ad Hoc Clostridium difficile SurveillanceWorking Group. Recommendations for surveillance of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28(2):140-145.
26. Gagne JJ, Glynn RJ, Avorn J, Levin R, Schneeweiss S. A combined comorbidity score predicted mortality in elderly patients better than existing scores. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(7):749-759.
27. Sauer BC, BrookhartMA, Roy J, VanderWeele T. A review of covariate selection for non-experimental comparative effectiveness research. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013;22(11):1139-1145.
28. Austin PC. Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies. Pharm Stat. 2011;10(2): 150-161.
29. Cummings P. Methods for estimating adjusted risk ratios. Stata J. 2009;9(2):175-196.
30. Zou G. A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(7):702-706.
31. Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E. Easy SAS calculations for risk or prevalence ratios and differences. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162(3):199-200.
32. George RH, Symonds JM, Dimock F, et al. Identification of Clostridium difficile as a cause of pseudomembranous colitis. BMJ. 1978;1(6114):695.
33. KeighleyMR, Burdon DW, Arabi Y, et al. Randomised controlled trial of vancomycin for pseudomembranous colitis and postoperative diarrhoea. BMJ. 1978;2(6153):1667-1669.
34. Levine DP. Vancomycin: A history. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(suppl 1):S5-S12.
35. Bartlett JG. Historical perspectives on studies of Clostridium difficile and C. difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(suppl 1):S4-S11.
36. Shields K, Araujo-Castillo RV, Theethira TG, Alonso CD, Kelly CP. Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: From colonization to cure. Anaerobe. 2015;34:59-73.
37. Jardin CG, Palmer HR, Shah DN, et al. Assessment of treatment patterns and patient outcomes before vs after implementation of a severity-based Clostridium difficile infection treatment policy. J Hosp Infect. 2013;85(1):28-32.
38. Le F, Arora V, Shah DN, Salazar M, Palmer HR, Garey KW. A real-world evaluation of oral vancomycin for severe Clostridium difficile infection: Implications for antibiotic stewardship programs. Pharmacotherapy. 2012;32(2):129-134.