메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2017, Pages

Association between neighbourhood walkability and metabolic risk factors influenced by physical activity: A cross-sectional study of adults in Toronto, Canada

Author keywords

active transportation; built environment; metabolic risk; neighbourhood walkability; obesity; utilitarian walking

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

EID: 85017328208     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013889     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (70)
  • 3
    • 0842338464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Physical Activity Guidelines
    • Department of Health. UK Physical Activity Guidelines. 2011.
    • (2011) Department of Health
  • 5
    • 84923796706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for prevention of weight gain and use of behavioural and pharmacologic interventions to manage overweight and obesity in adults in primary care
    • Brauer P, Connor Gorber S, Shaw E, et al. Recommendations for prevention of weight gain and use of behavioural and pharmacologic interventions to manage overweight and obesity in adults in primary care. CMAJ 2015;187:184-95.
    • (2015) CMAJ , vol.187 , pp. 184-195
    • Brauer, P.1    Connor Gorber, S.2    Shaw, E.3
  • 6
    • 85017311234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity. Identification Young People and Adults: Partial Update of CG43. London: National Clinical Guideline Centre
    • Obesity. Identification, Assessment and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Children, Young People and Adults: Partial Update of CG43. London: National Clinical Guideline Centre, 2014.
    • (2014) Assessment and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Children
  • 7
    • 84903133961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society
    • Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. Circulation 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S102-38.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.25 , pp. S102-S138
    • Jensen, M.D.1    Ryan, D.H.2    Apovian, C.M.3
  • 8
    • 84868098172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for and management of obesity in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement
    • Moyer VA. Screening for and management of obesity in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2012;157:373-8.
    • (2012) Ann Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 373-378
    • Moyer, V.A.1
  • 9
    • 84928821188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2015 Canadian hypertension education program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension
    • Daskalopoulou SS, Rabi DM, Zarnke KB, et al. The 2015 Canadian hypertension education program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2015;31:549-68.
    • (2015) Can J Cardiol , vol.31 , pp. 549-568
    • Daskalopoulou, S.S.1    Rabi, D.M.2    Zarnke, K.B.3
  • 10
    • 84893549987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)
    • James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014;311:507-20.
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.311 , pp. 507-520
    • James, P.A.1    Oparil, S.2    Carter, B.L.3
  • 11
    • 84857721128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hypertension in adults in primary care: NICE guideline
    • McCormack T, Krause T, OFlynn N. Management of hypertension in adults in primary care: NICE guideline. Br J Gen Pract 2012;62:163-4.
    • (2012) Br J Gen Pract , vol.62 , pp. 163-164
    • McCormack, T.1    Krause, T.2    Oflynn, N.3
  • 12
    • 84876068053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Diabetes Association 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada
    • Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee
    • Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Canadian Diabetes Association 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada. Can J Diabetes 2013;37(Suppl 1).
    • (2013) Can J Diabetes , vol.37
  • 14
    • 84929961340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foundations of care: Education, nutrition, physical activity, smoking cessation, psychosocial care, and immunization
    • American Diabetes Association. (4)
    • American Diabetes Association. (4) Foundations of care: education, nutrition, physical activity, smoking cessation, psychosocial care, and immunization. Diabetes Care 2015;38(Suppl 1):S20-30.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care , vol.38 , pp. S20-30
  • 15
    • 84872712625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2012 update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult
    • Anderson TJ, Grégoire J, Hegele RA, et al. 2012 update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult. Can J Cardiol 2013;29:151-67.
    • (2013) Can J Cardiol , vol.29 , pp. 151-167
    • Anderson, T.J.1    Grégoire, J.2    Hegele, R.A.3
  • 16
    • 84902576469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • (published Online First)
    • Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2889-934. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002 (published Online First).
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.63 , pp. 2889-2934
    • Stone, N.J.1    Robinson, J.G.2    Lichtenstein, A.H.3
  • 17
    • 85017297970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease: Risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification
    • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
    • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014.
    • (2014) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • 18
    • 85017301031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and the environment Public health guideline
    • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
    • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Physical activity and the environment. Public health guideline. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2008.
    • (2008) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • 20
    • 55249123620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Built environment correlates of walking: A review
    • Saelens BE, Handy SL. Built environment correlates of walking: A review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40(Suppl 7):S550.
    • (2008) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.40 , pp. S550
    • Saelens, B.E.1    Handy, S.L.2
  • 21
    • 84862753618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Destination and route attributes associated with adults walking: A review
    • Sugiyama T, Neuhaus M, Cole R, et al. Destination and route attributes associated with adults walking: A review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:1275-86.
    • (2012) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.44 , pp. 1275-1286
    • Sugiyama, T.1    Neuhaus, M.2    Cole, R.3
  • 23
    • 82555193595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of walk score® for estimating neighborhood walkability: An analysis of four US metropolitan areas
    • Duncan DT, Aldstadt J, Whalen J, et al. Validation of walk score® for estimating neighborhood walkability: An analysis of four US metropolitan areas. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011;8:4160-79.
    • (2011) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.8 , pp. 4160-4179
    • Duncan, D.T.1    Aldstadt, J.2    Whalen, J.3
  • 25
    • 84961877396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: A cross-sectional study
    • Sallis JF, Cerin E, Conway TL, et al. Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: A cross-sectional study. Lancet 2016;387:2207-17.
    • Lancet , vol.2016 , Issue.387 , pp. 2207-2217
    • Sallis, J.F.1    Cerin, E.2    Conway, T.L.3
  • 26
    • 84881477583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood walkability and active travel (walking and cycling) in New York City
    • Freeman L, Neckerman K, Schwartz-Soicher O, et al. Neighborhood walkability and active travel (walking and cycling) in New York City. J Urban Health 2013;90:575-85.
    • (2013) J Urban Health , vol.90 , pp. 575-585
    • Freeman, L.1    Neckerman, K.2    Schwartz-Soicher, O.3
  • 27
    • 84935826571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood walkability: Differential associations with self-reported transport walking and leisure-Time physical activity in Canadian towns and cities of all sizes
    • Thielman J, Rosella L, Copes R, et al. Neighborhood walkability: differential associations with self-reported transport walking and leisure-Time physical activity in Canadian towns and cities of all sizes. Prev Med 2015;77:174-80.
    • (2015) Prev Med , vol.77 , pp. 174-180
    • Thielman, J.1    Rosella, L.2    Copes, R.3
  • 28
    • 84878861176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood walkability, income, and hour-by-hour physical activity patterns
    • Arvidsson D, Eriksson U, Lonn SL, et al. Neighborhood walkability, income, and hour-by-hour physical activity patterns. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013;45:698-705.
    • (2013) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.45 , pp. 698-705
    • Arvidsson, D.1    Eriksson, U.2    Lonn, S.L.3
  • 29
    • 84937691427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walk Score and the prevalence of utilitarian walking and obesity among Ontario adults: A cross-sectional study
    • Chiu M, Shah BR, Maclagan LC, et al. Walk Score and the prevalence of utilitarian walking and obesity among Ontario adults: A cross-sectional study. Health Rep 2015;26:3-10.
    • (2015) Health Rep , vol.26 , pp. 3-10
    • Chiu, M.1    Shah, B.R.2    Maclagan, L.C.3
  • 30
    • 84898004666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density, destinations or both? A comparison of measures of walkability in relation to transportation behaviors, obesity and diabetes in Toronto, Canada
    • Glazier RH, Creatore MI, Weyman JT, et al. Density, destinations or both? A comparison of measures of walkability in relation to transportation behaviors, obesity and diabetes in Toronto, Canada. PLoS ONE 2014;9:e85295.
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , pp. e85295
    • Glazier, R.H.1    Creatore, M.I.2    Weyman, J.T.3
  • 31
    • 84953316231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighbourhood walkability, daily steps and utilitarian walking in Canadian adults
    • Hajna S, Ross NA, Joseph L, et al. Neighbourhood walkability, daily steps and utilitarian walking in Canadian adults. BMJ Open 2015;5: e008964.
    • (2015) BMJ Open , vol.5 , pp. e008964
    • Hajna, S.1    Ross, N.A.2    Joseph, L.3
  • 32
    • 84873801769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unwalkable neighborhoods, poverty, and the risk of diabetes among recent immigrants to Canada compared with long-Term residents
    • Booth GL, Creatore MI, Moineddin R, et al. Unwalkable neighborhoods, poverty, and the risk of diabetes among recent immigrants to Canada compared with long-Term residents. Diabetes Care 2013;36:302-8.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 302-308
    • Booth, G.L.1    Creatore, M.I.2    Moineddin, R.3
  • 33
    • 84969945367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of neighborhood walkability with change in overweight, obesity, and diabetes
    • Creatore MI, Glazier RH, Moineddin R, et al. Association of neighborhood walkability with change in overweight, obesity, and diabetes. JAMA 2016;315:2211-20.
    • JAMA , vol.2016 , Issue.315 , pp. 2211-2220
    • Creatore, M.I.1    Glazier, R.H.2    Moineddin, R.3
  • 34
    • 84881456717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors in Australian adults: An observational study
    • Möller-Riemenschneider F, Pereira G, Villanueva K, et al. Neighborhood walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors in Australian adults: An observational study. BMC Public Health 2013;13:1-9.
    • (2013) BMC Public Health , vol.13 , pp. 1-9
    • Möller-Riemenschneider, F.1    Pereira, G.2    Villanueva, K.3
  • 35
    • 84971506960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving to a highly walkable neighborhood and incidence of hypertension: A propensity-score matched cohort study
    • Chiu M, Rezai MR, Maclagan LC, et al. Moving to a highly walkable neighborhood and incidence of hypertension: A propensity-score matched cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 2016;124:754-60. doi:10.1289/ehp.1510425
    • Environ Health Perspect , vol.2016 , Issue.124 , pp. 754-760
    • Chiu, M.1    Rezai, M.R.2    Maclagan, L.C.3
  • 36
    • 67650928205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building a pan-Canadian primary care sentinel surveillance network: Initial development and moving forward
    • Birtwhistle R, Keshavjee K, Lambert-Lanning A, et al. Building a pan-Canadian primary care sentinel surveillance network: initial development and moving forward. J Am Board Fam Med 2009;22:412-22.
    • (2009) J Am Board Fam Med , vol.22 , pp. 412-422
    • Birtwhistle, R.1    Keshavjee, K.2    Lambert-Lanning, A.3
  • 39
    • 85017319691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • City of Toronto
    • City of Toronto. Neighbourhood Profiles. 2015. http://www1.toronto. ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=ae17962c8c3f0410Vgn VCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=1e68f40f9aae0410Vgn VCM10000071d60f89RCRD.
    • (2015) Neighbourhood Profiles
  • 42
    • 85017312011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Canada. Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF) . Catalogue no. 92-154-G. Statistics Canada
    • Statistics Canada. Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF) Reference Guide: June 2013 postal codes. Catalogue no. 92-154-G. Statistics Canada, 2013.
    • (2013) Reference Guide June 2013 Postal Codes
  • 44
    • 84904312430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validating the 8 CPCSSN case definitions for chronic disease surveillance in a primary care database of electronic health records
    • Williamson T, Green ME, Birtwhistle R, et al. Validating the 8 CPCSSN case definitions for chronic disease surveillance in a primary care database of electronic health records. Ann Fam Med 2014;12:367-72.
    • (2014) Ann Fam Med , vol.12 , pp. 367-372
    • Williamson, T.1    Green, M.E.2    Birtwhistle, R.3
  • 47
    • 85017324004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontario Marginalization Index (ON-Marg)
    • Toronto Community Health Profiles Partnership. Ontario Marginalization Index (ON-Marg). 2015. http://www.Torontohealthprofiles.ca/onmarg.php
    • (2015) Toronto Community Health Profiles Partnership
  • 48
    • 84876045068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
    • Ekoé JM, Punthakee Z, Ransom T, et al. Screening for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2013;37(Suppl 1):S12-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.012
    • (2013) Can J Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. S12-15
    • Ekoé, J.M.1    Punthakee, Z.2    Ransom, T.3
  • 49
    • 84885431900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • User Guide Version 1.0. Toronto: Centre for Research on Inner City Health
    • Matheson FI, Dunn J, Smith KLW, et al. Ontario Marginalization Index. User Guide Version 1.0. Toronto: Centre for Research on Inner City Health, 2012.
    • (2012) Ontario Marginalization Index
    • Matheson, F.I.1    Dunn, J.2    Klw, S.3
  • 50
    • 79952312618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validating Walkability Indices: How Do Different Households Respond to the Walkability of Their Neighborhood?
    • Manaugh K, El-Geneidy A. Validating walkability indices: how do different households respond to the walkability of their neighborhood? Transp Res D Transp Environ 2011;16:309-15.
    • (2011) Transp Res D Transp Environ , vol.16 , pp. 309-315
    • Manaugh, K.1    El-Geneidy, A.2
  • 51
    • 77958192625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walk score as a global estimate of neighborhood walkability
    • Carr LJ, Dunsiger SI, Marcus BH. Walk score as a global estimate of neighborhood walkability. Am J Prev Med 2010;39:460-3.
    • (2010) Am J Prev Med , vol.39 , pp. 460-463
    • Carr, L.J.1    Dunsiger, S.I.2    Marcus, B.H.3
  • 52
    • 85017301335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • City of Toronto. 2011 census: Age and sex counts. Toronto: City of Toronto
    • City of Toronto, City Planning Social Policy Analysis & Research. 2011 census: Age and sex counts. Toronto: City of Toronto, 2012.
    • (2012) City Planning Social Policy Analysis & Research
  • 53
    • 85017300590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • City of Toronto
    • City of Toronto. Toronto Health Indicators-A Comparative Look. 2014. http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly? vgnextoid=d69e6032bcaa6410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD
    • (2014) Toronto Health Indicators-A Comparative Look
  • 55
    • 34250682264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of direct vs. Self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: A systematic review
    • Connor Gorber S, Tremblay M, Moher D, et al. A comparison of direct vs. self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2007;8:307-26.
    • (2007) Obes Rev , vol.8 , pp. 307-326
    • Connor Gorber, S.1    Tremblay, M.2    Moher, D.3
  • 56
    • 85017284470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian health measures survey: Household and physical measures data, 2012 to 2013
    • Statistics Canada
    • Statistics Canada. Canadian health measures survey: household and physical measures data, 2012 to 2013. The Daily: Statistics Canada, 2013.
    • (2013) The Daily: Statistics Canada
  • 57
    • 84894092502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in walking and body mass index following residential relocation: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
    • Hirsch JA, Diez Roux AV, Moore KA, et al. Change in walking and body mass index following residential relocation: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Public Health 2014;104: e49-56.
    • (2014) Am J Public Health , vol.104 , pp. e49-56
    • Hirsch, J.A.1    Diez Roux, A.V.2    Moore, K.A.3
  • 58
    • 62249147570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood built environment and income: Examining multiple health outcomes
    • Sallis JF, Saelens BE, Frank LD, et al. Neighborhood built environment and income: examining multiple health outcomes. Soc Sci Med 2009;68:1285-93.
    • (2009) Soc Sci Med , vol.68 , pp. 1285-1293
    • Sallis, J.F.1    Saelens, B.E.2    Frank, L.D.3
  • 59
    • 81055127517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Search of causality: A systematic review of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity among adults
    • McCormack GR, Shiell A. In search of causality: A systematic review of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity among adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011;8:125.
    • (2011) Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act , vol.8 , pp. 125
    • McCormack, G.R.1    Shiell, A.2
  • 60
    • 61649117292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Built environment and changes in blood pressure in middle aged and older adults
    • Li F, Harmer P, Cardinal BJ, et al. Built environment and changes in blood pressure in middle aged and older adults. Prev Med 2009;48:237-41.
    • (2009) Prev Med , vol.48 , pp. 237-241
    • Li, F.1    Harmer, P.2    Cardinal, B.J.3
  • 61
    • 84927970190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of policy and built environment changes on obesity-related outcomes: A systematic review of naturally occurring experiments
    • Mayne SL, Auchincloss AH, Michael YL. Impact of policy and built environment changes on obesity-related outcomes: A systematic review of naturally occurring experiments. Obes Rev 2015;16:362-75.
    • (2015) Obes Rev , vol.16 , pp. 362-375
    • Mayne, S.L.1    Auchincloss, A.H.2    Michael, Y.L.3
  • 62
    • 33847729863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of the built environment with physical activity and obesity in older persons
    • Berke EM, Koepsell TD, Moudon AV, et al. Association of the built environment with physical activity and obesity in older persons. Am J Public Health 2007;97:486-92.
    • (2007) Am J Public Health , vol.97 , pp. 486-492
    • Berke, E.M.1    Koepsell, T.D.2    Moudon, A.V.3
  • 63
    • 0037006994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: A meta-Analysis of randomized, controlled trials
    • Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: A meta-Analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:493-503.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.136 , pp. 493-503
    • Whelton, S.P.1    Chin, A.2    Xin, X.3
  • 64
    • 84862908179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosed hypertension in Canada: Incidence, prevalence and associated mortality
    • Robitaille C, Dai S, Waters C, et al. Diagnosed hypertension in Canada: incidence, prevalence and associated mortality. CMAJ 2012;184:E49-56.
    • (2012) CMAJ , vol.184 , pp. E49-56
    • Robitaille, C.1    Dai, S.2    Waters, C.3
  • 65
    • 79955549960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-Analysis
    • Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Kramer CK, et al. Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. JAMA 2011;305:1790-9.
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.305 , pp. 1790-1799
    • Umpierre, D.1    Ribeiro, P.A.2    Kramer, C.K.3
  • 67
    • 0035015391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention
    • Leon AS, Sanchez OA. Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33(Suppl 6):S502-15.
    • (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.33 , pp. S502-S515
    • Leon, A.S.1    Sanchez, O.A.2
  • 68
    • 0037126526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Adult Treatment Panel III final report
    • Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106:3143-421.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 3143-3421
  • 69
    • 84864049574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of physical inactivity on the worlds major non-communicable diseases
    • Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, et al. Impact of physical inactivity on the worlds major non-communicable diseases. Lancet 2012;380:219-29.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 219-229
    • Lee, I.M.1    Shiroma, E.J.2    Lobelo, F.3
  • 70
    • 0034960593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sick individuals and sick populations
    • Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:427-32.
    • (2001) Int J Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 427-432
    • Rose, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.