Vector status of Aedes species determines geographical risk of autochthonous Zika virus establishment

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2017, Pages

  Gardner, Lauren ^a   Chen, Nan ^a   Sarkar, Sahotra ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEDES; AEDES AEGYPTI; AEDES ALBOPICTUS; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL ACCIDENT; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; MATHEMATICAL PARAMETERS; NONHUMAN; POPULATION RESEARCH; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TRAVEL; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; ZIKA FEVER; ANIMAL; GLOBAL HEALTH; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MOSQUITO VECTOR; TRANSMISSION; ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION;

AEDES; ANIMALS; GLOBAL HEALTH; MOSQUITO VECTORS; RISK ASSESSMENT; ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION;

EID: 85017016816     PISSN: 19352727     EISSN: 19352735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005487     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. PAHO. Zika cases and congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus reported by countries and territories in the Americas, 2015–2016 Cumulative Cases. [Web Page]. Washington DC: World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization; 2016. Available from: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&Itemid=270&gid=37495&lang=en.
2. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Situation Report: Zika Virus, Microcephaly and Guillain-Barre Syndrome [Web Page]; 2016. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204454/1/zikasitrep_19Feb2016_eng.pdf?ua=1.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Areas with Zika [Web Page]; 2016. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/.
4. Kirya BG, Okia NO, A yellow fever epizootic in Zika Forest, Uganda, during 1972: Part 2: Monkey serology [Journal Article]. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1977;71(4):300–3. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(77)90104-3 413216
5. Dick GWA, Zika virus (II). Pathogenicity and physical properties [Journal Article]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1952;46(5):521–534. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0035920352900436http://trstmh.oxfordjournals.org/content/46/5/521.full.pdf. 12995441
6. Duffy MR, Chen TH, Hancock WT, Powers AM, Kool JL, Lanciotti RS, et al. Zika Virus Outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia [Journal Article]. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360(24):2536–2543. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0805715http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa0805715. 19516034
7. Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Velez JO, Lambert AJ, Johnson AJ, et al. Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007 [Journal Article]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(8):1232–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18680646. doi: 10.3201/eid1408.080287 18680646
8. Lanciotti R, Lambert A, Holodniy M, Saavedra S, del Carmen Castillo Signor L, Phylogeny of Zika virus in Western Hemisphere [Journal Article]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;22(5). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2205.160065. 27088323
9. Ioos S, Mallet HP, Leparc Goffart I, Gauthier V, Cardoso T, Herida M, Current Zika virus epidemiology and recent epidemics [Journal Article]. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses. 2014;44(7):302–307. Available from: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905560476&partnerID=40&md5=ebf2332cc397b14c8662455204ccffffhttp://ac.els-cdn.com/S0399077X14001085/1-s2.0-S0399077X14001085-main.pdf?_tid=b323a2b4-c89a-11e5-ae67-00000aab0f02&acdnat=1454300426_9c1de7f7c5fac1269aecf6754c52c641. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.04.008 25001879
10. Wæhre T, Maagard A, Tappe D, Cadar D, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Zika virus infection after travel to Tahiti, December 2013 [Letter]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;20(8). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2008.140302. 25062427
11. Kutsuna S, Kato Y, Takasaki T, Moi M, Kotaki A, Uemura H, et al. Two cases of Zika fever imported from French Polynesia to Japan, December 2013 to January 2014 [Journal Article]. Euro Surveillance. 2014;18(4): Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.4.20683. 24507466
12. Tappe D, Rissland J, Gabriel M, Emmerich P, Günther S, Held G, et al. First case of laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection imported into Europe, November 2013 [Jourbal Article]. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(4): Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.4.20685. 24507467
13. Hennessey M, Fischer M, Staples JE, Zika Virus Spreads to New Areas—Region of the Americas, May 2015-January 2016 [Journal Article]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(3):55–8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26820163. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e1 26820163
14. Faria N, Azevedo R, Kraemer M, Souza R, Cunha M, Hill S, et al. Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings. Science. 2016;Available from: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2016/03/23/science.aaf5036. 27013429
15. Schuler-Faccini L, Ribeiro EM, Feitosa IM, Horovitz DD, Cavalcanti DP, Pessoa A, et al. Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly—Brazil, 2015 [Journal Article]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(3):59–62. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26820244. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e2er 26820244
16. Oliveira Melo AS, Malinger G, Ximenes R, Szejnfeld PO, Alves Sampaio S, Bispo De Filippis AM, Zika virus intrauterine infection causes fetal brain abnormality and microcephaly: Tip of the iceberg? [Journal Article]. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2016;47(1):6–7. Available from: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84953438883&partnerID=40&md5=dcab9711b98527f38a0295a4edba1511http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/uog.15831/asset/uog15831.pdf?v=1&t=ik3gxg9w&s=31aea1be19011de0f4e5d84eeccaade4a2e7e576. doi: 10.1002/uog.15831 26731034
17. Besnard M, Lastere S, Teissier A, Cao-Lormeau V, Musso D, Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014 [Journal Article]. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(13). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.13.20751 24721538
18. PAHO. Epidemiological alert. Increase in microcephaly in the northeast of Brazil—epidemiological alert. [Web Page]. Washington DC: World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&Itemid=270&gid=32636&lang=en.
19. Driggers RW, Ho CY, Korhonen EM, Kuivanen S, Jääskeläinen AJ, Smura T, et al. Zika Virus Infection with Prolonged Maternal Viremia and Fetal Brain Abnormalities. New England Journal of Medicine. 0;0(0):null. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1601824.
20. Nowakowski TJ, Pollen AA, Di Lullo E, Sandoval-Espinosa C, Bershteyn M, Kriegstein AR, Expression Analysis Highlights AXL as a Candidate Zika Virus Entry Receptor in Neural Stem Cells [Journal Article]. Cell Stem Cell. 2016;Available from: http://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(16)00118-1. 27038591
21. Besnard M, Eyrolle-Guignot D, Guillemette-Artur P, Lastère S, Bost-Bezeaud F, Marcelis L, et al. Congenital Cerebral Malformations And Dysfunction In Fetuses And Newborns Following The 2013 To 2014 Zika Virus Epidemic In French Polynesia [Journal Article]. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(13). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.13.30181 27063794
22. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Situation Report: Zika Virus, Microcephaly and Guillain-Barre Syndrome [Web Page]; 2016. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204961/1/zikasitrep_7Apr2016_eng.pdf?ua=1.
23. Oehler E, Watrin L, Larre P, Leparc-Goffart I, Lastere S, Valour F, et al. Zika virus infection complicated by Guillain-Barre syndrome–case report, French Polynesia, December 2013 [Journal Article]. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(9). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.9.20720 24626205
24. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO statement on the first meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR 2005) Emergency Committee on Zika virus and observed increase in neurological disorders and neonatal malformations [Web Page]; 2016. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/.
25. Wilder-Smith A, Gubler DJ, Geographic Expansion of Dengue: The Impact of International Travel. Medical Clinics of North America. 2008;92:1377–1390. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.07.002 19061757
26. Li MI, Wong PS, Ng LC, Tan CH, Oral susceptibility of Singapore Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) to Zika virus [Journal Article]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(8):e1792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001792 22953014
27. Diagne CT, Diallo D, Faye O, Ba Y, Faye O, Gaye A, et al. Potential of selected Senegalese Aedes spp. mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit Zika virus [Journal Article]. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(492). doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1231-2 26527535
28. Boorman JPT, Porterfield JS, A simple technique for infection of mosquitoes with viruses transmission of zika virus [Journal Article]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1956;50(3):238–242. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(56)90029-3 13337908
29. Guerbois M, Fernandez-Salas I, Azar SR, DanisLozano R, Alpuche-Aranda CM, Leal G, et al. Outbreak of Zika virus infection, Chiapas State, Mexico, 2015, and first confirmed transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the Americas [Journal Article]. Journal of Infectious Diseases (Advance Access). 2016;Available from: http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/07/18/infdis.jiw302.full.pdf+html.
30. World Health Organization (WHO). Zika Virus Technical Report. Interim Risk Assessment WHO European Region [Web Page]; 2016. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/309981/Zika-Virus-Technical-report.pdf.
31. World Health Organization (WHO). Zika virus vectors and risk of spread in the WHO European Region [Web Page]; 2016. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/304459/WEB-news_competence-of-Aedes-aegypti-and-albopictus-vector-species.pdf.
32. Olson JG, Ksiazek TG, Suhandiman Triwibowo Zika virus, a cause of fever in Central Java, Indonesia [Journal Article]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1981;75(3):389–393. Available from: http://trstmh.oxfordjournals.org/content/75/3/389.full.pdf. 6275577
33. Grard G, Caron M, Mombo IM, Nkoghe D, Mboui Ondo S, Jiolle D, et al. Zika virus in Gabon (Central Africa)–2007: a new threat from Aedes albopictus? [Journal Article]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(2):e2681. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24516683http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916288/pdf/pntd.0002681.pdf. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002681 24516683
34. Wong PS, Li MZ, Chong CS, Ng LC, Tan CH, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse): a potential vector of Zika virus in Singapore [Journal Article]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(8):e2348. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936579http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3731215/pdf/pntd.0002348.pdf. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002348 23936579
35. Jupille H, Seixas G, Mousson L, Sousa C, Failloux AB, Zika virus, a new threat for Europe?bioRxiv. 2016;Available from: http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/04/13/048454. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004901 27505002
36. Chouin-Carneiro T, Vega-Rua A, Vazeille M, Yebakima A, Girod R, Goindin D, Differential Susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus [article]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(3):e0004543. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004543 26938868
37. Tsetsarkin K, Vanlandingham D, McGee C, Higgs S, A single mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential [Jourbal Article]. PLoS Pathog. 2007;3(e201). Available from: http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.0030201. 18069894
38. Vazeille M, Moutailler S, Coudrier D, Rousseaux C, Khun H, Huerre M, et al. Two Chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus [Jourbal Article]. PLoS One. 2007;2(e1168). Available from: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001168. 18000540
39. Gardner L, Chen N, Sarkar S, Global risk of Zika virus depends critically on vector status of Aedes albopictus [Correspondence]. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2016;. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00176-6 26997578
40. Bogoch II, Brady OJ, Kraemer MUG, German M, Creatore MI, Kulkarni MA, et al. Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil [Journal Article]. The Lancet. 2015;Export Date: 5 February 2016 Article in Press. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00080-5 26777915
41. Bogoch II, Brady OJ, Kraemer MUG, German M, Creatore MI, Brent S, et al. Potential for Zika virus introduction and transmission in resource-limited countries in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region: a modelling study [Journal Article]. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2016;16(11):1237–1245. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30270-5 27593584
42. Monaghan A, Morin C, Steinhoff D, Wilhelmi O, Hayden M, Quattrochi D, et al. On the Seasonal Occurrence and Abundance of the Zika Virus Vector Mosquito Aedes Aegypti in the Contiguous United States [Journal Article]. PLOS Currents Outbreaks. 2016;Available from: http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/article/on-the-seasonal-occurrence-and-abundance-of-the-zika-virus-vector-mosquito-aedes-aegypti-in-the-contiguous-united-states/. 27066299
43. Nah K, Mizumoto K, Miyamatsu Y, Yasuda Y, Kinoshita R, N H, Estimating risks of importation and local transmission of Zika virus infection [Journal Article]. PeerJ. 2016;4(e1904). Available from: https://peerj.com/articles/1904/. 27069825
44. MoH. Ministry of Health Singapore: Zika; 2016. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/diseases_and_conditions/z/zika.html.
45. Gardner L, Fajardo D, Waller ST, Wang O, Sarkar S, A Predictive Spatial Model to Quantify the Risk of Air-Travel-Associated Dengue Importation into the United States and Europe [Journal Article]. Journal of tropical medicine. 2012;2012. doi: 10.1155/2012/103679 22523497
46. Gardner L, Sarkar S, A Global Airport-Based Risk Model for the Spread of Dengue Infection via the Air Transport Network [Journal Article]. PloS one. 2013;8(8):e72129. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072129 24009672
47. Gardner L, Sarkar S, Risk of dengue spread from the Philippines through international air travel [Journal Article]. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2015;2501(2501):25–30. doi: 10.3141/2501-04
48. González C, Wang O, Strutz SE, González-Salazar C, Sánchez-Cordero V, Sarkar S, Climate Change and Risk of Leishmaniasis in North America: Predictions from Ecological Niche Models of Vector and Reservoir Species [Journal Article]. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2010;4(1):e585. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000585. 20098495
49. Moffett A, Shackelford N, Sarkar S, Malaria in Africa: Vector Species’ Niche Models and Relative Risk Maps [Journal Article]. PLoS ONE. 2007;2(9):e824. Available from: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000824. 17786196
50. Sarkar S, Strutz SE, Frank DM, Rivaldi C, Sissel B, Sánchez-Cordero V, Chagas Disease Risk in Texas [Journal Article]. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2010;4(10):e836. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.13712Fjournal.pntd.0000836. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000836 20957148
51. Margules C, Sarkar S, Systematic Conservation Planning. Cambridge, UK:: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
52. J F, Mapping Species Distributions: Spatial Inference and Prediction. Cambridge, UK:: Cambridge University Press; 2009.
53. Phillips SJ SR, Anderson RP, Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions [Journal Article]. Ecological Modelling. 2006;190(3-4):231–259. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026
54. Phillips SJ, Dudík M, Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography. 2008;31:161–175. doi: 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5203.x
55. Campbell LP, Luther C, Moo-Llanes D, Ramsey JM, Danis-Lozano R, Peterson AT, Climate change influences on global distributions of dengue and chikungunya virus vectors. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2015;370 (1665). Available from: http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/370/1665/20140135.
56. Kraemer MU, Sinka ME, Duda KA, Mylne AQ, Shearer FM, Barker CM, et al. The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus [Journal Article]. eLIFE. 2015;Available from: https://elifesciences.org/content/4/e08347v3. 26126267
57. Messina JP, Kraemer MU, Brady OJ, Pigott DM, Shearer FM, Weiss DJ, et al. Mapping global environmental suitability for Zika virus [Journal Article]. eLIFE. 2016;Available from: http://elifesciences.org/content/5/e15272v1/article-info. 27090089
58. IATA. Air Passenger Market Analysis December 2015 [Web Page]; 2016. Available from: http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/passenger-analysis-dec-2015.pdf.
59. Ayres CFJ, Identification of Zika virus vectors and implications for control [Comment]. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2016;16(3):278–279. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00073-6 26852727
60. Aliota M, Peinado S, Osorio J, Bartholomay L, Culex pipiens and Aedes triseriatus mosquito susceptibility to Zika virus [letter] [Journal Article]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2210.161082. 27434194
61. Foy BD, Kobylinski KC, Chilson Foy JL, Blitvich BJ, Travassos da Rosa A, Haddow AD, et al. Probable non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA [Journal Article]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(5):880–2. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321795/pdf/10-1939_finalD.pdf. doi: 10.3201/eid1705.101939 21529401
62. Musso D, Roche C, Robin E, Nhan T, Teissier A, Cao-Lormeau VM, Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus [Journal Article]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(2):359–61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313657/pdf/14-1363.pdf. doi: 10.3201/eid2102.141363 25625872
63. Hills S, Russell K, Hennessey M, Williams C, Oster A, Fischer M, et al. Transmission of Zika Virus Through Sexual Contact with Travelers to Areas of Ongoing Transmission—Continental United States [Journal Article]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6508e2er.
64. Musso D, Roche C, Nhan TX, Robin E, Teissier A, Cao-Lormeau VM, Detection of Zika virus in saliva [Journal Article]. J Clin Virol. 2015;68:53–5. Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S138665321500133X/1-s2.0-S138665321500133X-main.pdf?_tid=5e5fb3be-c889-11e5-ae67-00000aab0f02&acdnat=1454292982_87654187710dd0375147b1cf08f76f4d. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.04.021 26071336
65. Gourinat AC, O’Connor O, Calvez E, Goarant C, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Detection of Zika virus in urine [Journal Article]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(1):84–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285245/pdf/14-0894.pdf. doi: 10.3201/eid2101.140894 25530324
66. Fauci AS, Morens DM, Zika Virus in the Americas—Yet Another Arbovirus Threat [Journal Article]. N Engl J Med. 2016;Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26761185. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1600297 26761185
67. Kilbourn AM, Karesh WB, Wolfe ND, Bosi EJ, Cook RA, Andau M, Health evaluation of free-ranging and semi-captive orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) in Sabah, Malaysia [Journal Article]. J Wildl Dis. 2003;39(1):73–83. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-39.1.73 12685070
68. Fagbami AH, Zika virus infections in Nigeria: virological and seroepidemiological investigations in Oyo State [Journal Article]. J Hyg (Lond). 1979;83(2):213–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2129900/pdf/jhyg00044-0020.pdf. doi: 10.1017/S0022172400025997 489960
69. Darwish MA, Hoogstraal H, Roberts TJ, Ahmed IP, Omar F, A sero-epidemiological survey for certain arboviruses (Togaviridae) in Pakistan [Journal Article]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1983;77(4):442–445. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0035920383901062. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(83)90106-2 6314612
70. Wolfe ND, Kilbourn AM, Karesh WB, Rahman HA, Bosi EJ, Cropp BC, et al. Sylvatic transmission of arboviruses among Bornean orangutans [Journal Article]. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001;64(5-6):310–6. 11463123