Richard Hooker's Reputation

English Historical Review

Volumn 117, Issue 473, 2002, Pages 773-812

  Macculloch, Diarmaid ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 85016712402     PISSN: 00138266     EISSN: 14774534     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ehr/117.473.773     Document Type: Article

References (186)

1. I. R. Keen, 'Inventory of Richard Hooker, 1601', Archaeologia Cantiana lxx (1957), 231-6, at 231. I am grateful to Dr. Kenneth Fincham for alerting me to this reference.
2. The F[olger] L[ibrary] E[dition of the Works of Richard Hooker]. ed. W. R. Speed Hill et al. (7 vols, Cambridge and Binghamton, 1977-1994).
3. For useful citations of conventional discussion of Hooker's role, see Richard Hooker and the construction of community, ed. A. S. McGrade (Tempe, 1997), p. 221, and ibid., p. 261, and for further discussion, M. A. Brydon, 'The evolving reputation of Richard Hooker: an examination of responses to the Ecclesiastical Polity, 1640-1714', unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, 1999, pp. 12-15.
4. P. Lake, Anglicans and Puritans? Presbyterianism and English conformist thought from Whitgift to Hooker (London, 1988), p. 230.
5. On John Hooker alias Vowell, see The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1558-1603, ed. P. W. Hasler (3 vols, London, 1982), ii.334-35, and W. T. MacCaffrey, Exeter, 1540-1640: the growth of an English County Town (Cambridge, Mass., 1958), pp. 3, 7-8, 50, 120, 139, 144, 225, 272-74.
6. F.L.E., i.171, ll. 2-4 [II.6.4]
7. F.L.E., v.33, ll. 6-7; v.49, ll. 9-10; cf. also v.112 l. 6; cf. R. Bauckham, 'Hooker, Travers and the Church of Rome in the 1580s', J[ournal of] Eccl[esiastical] H[istory] xxix (1978), 37-50, at 37-40;
8. A. Milton, Catholic and Reformed: the Roman and Protestant Churches in English Protestant thought, 1600-1640 (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 211-12. It was not surprising that John Keble's Anglo-Catholic sensibilities were offended by the Jude sermons, and that he included them in his 1836 edition of Hooker's works with a health warning about their authenticity: The works of that learned and judicious divine Mr. Richard Hooker, ed. J. Keble (3 vols in 4, Oxford, 1836), i.xlvi-xlviii.
9. On Rainolds, see C. M. Dent, Protestant Reformers in Elizabethan Oxford (Oxford, 1983), index, sub nomine.
10. The History of the University of Oxford: III: the Collegiate University, ed. J. McConica (Oxford, 1986), pp. 21-2, 24-8, 658, 693.
11. 10. Dent, Protestant Reformers, pp. 25-8, 43; Collegiate University, ed. McConica, pp. 381, 408.
12. II. F.L.E., v.146-8.
13. 12. Cf. Milton, Catholic and Reformed, pp. 106, 146-7, 286;
14. A. Milton, in The early Stuart Church, 1603-1642, ed. K. Fincham (Basingstoke, 1993), pp. 206-7.
15. 13. Bauckham, 'Hooker, Travers and the Church of Rome', 41-50.
16. 14. T. Fuller, The Worthies of England, ed. J. Freeman (London, 1952), p. 133;
17. I. Walton, The lives of John Donne, Sir Henry Wotton, Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson, ed. G. Saintsbury (Oxford, 1927) [reproduction of 1675 edn. of Hooker's life], p. 200.
18. 15. W. D. J. Cargill Thompson, 'The source of Hooker's knowledge of Marsilius of Padua', J.Eccl.H. xxv (1974), 75-81.
19. 16. [J. Throckmorton], M. Some laid open in his colors ([La Rochelle], 1590, R.S.T.C. 12342), p. 29. C. Condren, 'The creation of Richard Hooker's public authority: rhetoric, reputation and reassessment', J[ournal of] R[eligious] H[istory] 21 (1997), 35-59, 38, discusses this reference but accepts the older mistaken attribution to John Greenwood: for identification, see P. Milward, Religious controversies of the Elizabethan Age: a survey of printed sources (Lincoln, Na., and London, 1977), p. 85, no. 311. For Patrick Collinson's renewed doubts about the authorship of the Marprelate Tracts, see The reign of Elizabeth I: court and culture in the last decade, ed. J. Guy (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 157-8.
20. 17. Milton, Catholic and Reformed, p. 48. The one partial exception is the discussion of confession which now forms part of Bk. VI of the Ecclesiastical Polity.
21. 18. L. H. Carlson, Martin Marprelate, gentleman: Master Job Throckmorton Laid Open in his Colors (San Marino, Ca., 1981), pp. 117-18, 377.
22. 19. T. Cartwright, The second replie...agaynst Maister Doctor Whitgiftes second answer (1575, R.S.T.C. 4714) and The rest of the second replie...agaynst Master Doctor Whitgifts second answer (1577, R.S.T.C. 4715).
23. On this context, see P. Collinson, 'Hooker and the Elizabethan establishment', in Hooker, ed. McGrade, pp. 149-80, at pp. 161-70.
24. F.L.E., iii.xxiv.
25. The literature on this is vast, but one of the best short guides is provided by Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 2-8. See also Lake, Anglicans and Puritans?, pp. 145-252, and M. Perrott, 'Richard Hooker and the problem of authority in the Elizabethan Church', J.Eccl.H. xlix (1998), 29-60.
26. For incisive discussion of this point, see W. D. Neelands in Hooker, ed. McGrade, p. 75-94, esp p. 89.
27. I present the case for this in my Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation (London, 1999), pp. 191-2.
28. N. Atkinson, Richard Hooker and the authority of Scripture, Tradition and Reason: Reformed Theologian of the Church of England? (St. Ives, 1997) is inclined to take too monolithic a view of what Reformation Protestantism consisted. For instance, he takes no notice of Hooker's hostility towards Lutheran eucharistic doctrine. More nuanced treatments are T. Kirby, 'Richard Hooker's theory of natural law in the context of Reformation theology', Sixteenth Century Journal xxx (1999), 681-703, and Kirby in Hooker, ed. McGrade, pp. 219-36.
29. B. D. Spinks, Two faces of Elizabethan Anglican Theology: sacraments and salvation in the thought of William Perkins and Richard Hooker (Lanham, 1999), is a careful and useful analysis of the subject.
30. F.L.E., ii.340-3 (V.67.12). See Hooker, ed. McGrade, p. 145, and see F.L.E., n. to ii.343.6-26.
31. Hooker's will of 26 October 1600 is pr. in Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.12-113n.
32. I am indebted to Brian Vickers for making this point about Hooker and logic; we await the published version of his Corpus Christi lecture on logic and rhetoric in Hooker. Featley's biography of Reinolds is translated in T. Fuller, Abel Redevivus, or the Dead yet speaking. The lives and deaths of the modern divines, ed. W. Nichols (2 vols, London 1867): cf. ibid., ii.219.
33. F.L.E., i.264 ll. 3-15 (III.II.16). Cf. quotation at Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i, lxxiv.
34. F.L.E., iii.333-5. On the growing commitment of civil lawyers to absolutist theories in church and state, see J. Guy, in The reign of Elizabeth I, ed. Guy, pp. 126-149.
35. P. E. McCullough, Sermons at Court: politics and religion in Elizabethan and Jacobean preaching (1998), p. 97. Hooker's absence from Court preaching is in striking contrast to the constant presence of his close friend Lancelot Andrewes, and is remarkable considering that we know that he had preached at Paul's Cross as long ago as 1581.
36. S. Doran, 'Elizabeth I's religion: the evidence of her letters', J.Eccl.H. li (2000), 699-720;
37. see also MacCulloch, Tudor Church Militant, pp. 185-95.
38. C. H. Sisson, The Judicious Marriage of Mr. Hooker and the birth of The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Cambridge, 1940), pp. 134;
39. cf. also ibid., pp.132, 145, 149, 151, 156.
40. Chicago University Joseph Regenstein Library, MS 109, f. 21r. The MS of this short satire clearly postdates the publication of the Lawes, and so is later than the accompanying longer MS tract by Rogers of 1590, dealt with by J. Craig, 'The ''Cambridge Boies'': Thomas Rogers and the ''Brethren'' in Bury St. Edmunds', in Belief and Practice in Reformation England: a tribute to Patrick Collinson, ed. S. Wabuda and C. Litzenberger (1998), pp. 153-76. For Rogers's citations of Hooker, see ibid., p. 174n, and T. Rogers, The Catholic doctrine of the Church of England, an exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles, ed. J. J. S. Perowne (Parker Society, 1854), p. 359.
41. J. Throckmorton, The defence of Iob Throkmorton, against the slaunders of Maister Sutcliffe ([London], 1594, R.S.T.C. 240555), Sigs. Ciiiv-Civ;
42. cf. Carlson, Martin Marprelate, p. 124.
43. [A. Willett], A Christian Letter, of certaine English Protestants, unfained favourers of the present state of English Religion, authorised and professed in England: unto that Reverend and learned man, Mr. R. Hoo., ...(Middelburg, 1599, R.S.T.C. 13721);
44. the text with Hooker's marginalia is printed in F.L.E., iv.I-80.
45. The case for Willett's authorship is presented in F.L.E., iv.xix-xxv. For Willett's later attacks, see Milton, Catholic and Reformed, pp. 17, 20, 128. R.S.T.C. lists 48 separate pre-1640 edns of Willett's works (25672-25707), to Hooker's 20 (R.S.T.C. 13706-13723).
46. [Willett], A Christian Letter, titlepage.
47. [Willett], A Christian Letter, p. 45.
48. I am indebted to Peter Lake for this point: P. Lake, 'Business as usual? The immediate reception of Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity', J.Eccl.H. lii (2001), 456-86, at 460. On Barrett, see H. C. Porter, Reformation and reaction in Tudor Cambridge (Cambridge, 1958), chs 15-17; on his conversion, ibid., pp. 362-3.
49. Andrewes to Henry Parry, 7 November 1600, pr. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.115n-116n.
50. For relevant passages, see Walton, Lives, ed. Saintsbury, pp. 166, 216. Walton's original formulations of the Baptist motif were more indirect: Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 89.
51. Keen, 'Inventory'; cf. Walton, Lives, ed. Saintsbury, p. 229, Sisson, Judicious Marriage, pp. 133, 136, and Hooker's will, pr. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.112n-113n.
52. Sisson, Judicious Marriage, pp. 124-6.
53. F.L.E., iv.70, ll. 15-17 and nn.; 78, ll. 4-7;
54. see also the extended evidence of his dealings with publishers in Sisson, Judicious Marriage, pp. 132-56. Cf. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.xiv, cxiii. Keble, evidently wishing to protect Hooker's rural seclusion, accounted for his knowledge of current publication plans by saying that Whitgift must have told him. G. M. Young made a similar suggestion about the Julius Caesar reference: F.L.E., iv.233-4. I am grateful to Brian Vickers for pointing out the possible significance of Hooker's reference to Cassius and Brutus.
55. Walton, Lives, ed. Saintsbury, p. 223. For the story of the prostitute, see The works of Mr. Richard Hooker, (that learned, godly, judicious and eloquent Divine)...with an account of his holy life and happy death...ed. J. Gauden, (London, 1662; Wing H. 2630), pp. 32-3.
56. Conversations of Ben Jonson with William Drummond of Hawthornden (London, 1906), ed. P. Sidney, p. 20.
57. Sisson, Judicious Marriage, p. 126.
58. R.S.T.C. 5881.
59. Cf. e.g. discussion in Milton, Catholic and Reformed, pp. 8-9. On Buckeridge, see ibid., index s.v. Buckeridge, John.
60. Lake, 'Business as usual?', 456-9; Milton, Catholic and Reformed, p. 240.
61. Lake, 'Business as usual?', 475-81.
62. 1607: Rogers, Catholic doctrine of the Church of England, ed. Perowne, p. 359.
63. Conversations of Jonson with Drummond, ed. Sidney, p. 20.
64. P. Croft, 'The Catholic gentry, the Earl of Salisbury and the Baronets of 1611', in Conformity and orthodoxy in the English Church, c.1560-1660, ed. P. Lake and M. Questier (Woodbridge, 2000), pp. 262-81.
65. W. B. Patterson, King James VI and I and the reunion of Christendom (Cambridge, 1997).
66. Lake, 'Business as usual?', 483.
67. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', discusses Brereley at 40-1: however, at 40, and nn. 25-27, Condren mistakes Robert Parsons's references to Richard Hooker's uncle, the chronicler John Hooker alias Vowell, as referring to Richard Hooker himself. This is impossible in the context: cf. N. D. [R. Parsons], A treatise of three conversions of England from Paganisme to Christian Religion...([St. Omer, F. Bellet] 1604, R.S.T.C. 19416), pp. 92, 162, 169, 623. [J. Anderton], J. Brereley, pseud., The Protestants Apologie for the Roman Church (St. Omer, 1608, R.S.T.C. 3604.5), p. 169.
68. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 41-2; Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 123-6. For an illustration of the long-term resonances of the Brereley debate through the writings of William Laud and beyond, see [T. Thorold], T. Carwell, pseud., Labyrinthus Cantuariensis: or Doctor Lawd's labyrinth (?London, 1658, Wing C.721), pp. 93-6.
69. On Lady Falkland, Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 123; on James II, Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.civ-cv, and J. Miller, James II: a study in kingship (London, 1978), pp. 57-8. Michael Brydon observes how little Hooker was used by Anglicans in the polemical battle with Roman Catholics in James II's reign, and attributes that to the success of earlier Catholic exploitation of Hooker's writings: Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 140-2.
70. Walton, Lives, ed. Saintsbury, pp. 211-12.
71. For efforts and proposals to translate Hooker, see Walton, Lives, ed. Saintsbury, pp. 213-14;
72. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.92n-3n;
73. R. Eccleshall, 'Richard Hooker and the peculiarities of the English: the reception of the Ecclesiastical Polity in the 17th and 18th centuries', History of Political Thought II i (Spring 1981), 63-117, at 68;
74. H. R. Trevor-Roper, Catholics, Anglicans and Puritans (London, 1987), p. 191;
75. Dictionary of National Biography, s.v. Earle, John; C. H. Miller, 'Seventeenth-Century Latin Translations of Two English Masterpieces: Hooker's Polity and Browne's Religio Medici', Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Abulensis: Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Neo-Latin Studies Avila 4-9 August 1997 (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies ccvii, 2000), 55-72.
76. J. Blatchly, The Town Library of Ipswich - a history and catalogue (Woodbridge, 1989), p. 79. Whitgift, Bridges and Saravia were also absent.
77. Spinks, Two faces of Elizabethan Anglican Theology, p. 168.
78. Milton, Catholic and Reformed, p. 427.
79. 'Cui deerat inimicus, per amicos oppressus': R. Hooker, A learned discourse of justification, workes, and how the foundation of faith is overthrowne (Oxford, 1612, R.S.T.C. 13708 [F.L.E. v.83-170, ], Preface, sig. A2. John Keble commented sourly on Jackson that he was 'evidently of the Reynolds school in theology': Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, I.xlviii.
80. R. Hooker, Two sermons upon part of S. Judes epistle (Oxford, 1614, R.S.T.C. 13723 [F.L.E. i.I-57], Preface, passim.
81. Collinson, 'Hooker and the Elizabethan establishment', p. 158.
82. G. Hakewill, An apologie of the power and providence of God in the government of the world (3rd edn London, 1635, R.S.T.C. 12613), sig. A2v;
83. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 41. It is interesting to find Gauden, the deliberately moderate biographer of Hooker, reviving the 'triumvirate' trope in 1662: Works of Hooker, ed. Gauden, Life, p. 10.
84. See Milton, Catholic and Reformed, p. 533, and Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 27-9, for a number of examples.
85. Spinks, Two faces of Elizabethan Anglican Theology, pp. 164-5. For Hooker's later influence on sacramental discussion by the Calvinist Edward Reynolds, see B. Spinks, Sacraments, ceremonies and the Stuart Divines: sacramental theology and liturgy in England and Scotland 1603-1662 (Aldershot, 2001).
86. Text cited in P. Collinson, The Religion of Protestants: the Church in English Society, 1559-1625 (Oxford, 1982), p. 92n.
87. Cf. Milton, Catholic and Reformed, pp. 496-7. Prynne and Burton were quick to seize on this contrast between Hooker and the Laudians: Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 31-2.
88. For examples of such reaction, see Milton, Catholic and Reformed, 533;
89. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 28-9 (on Robert Sanderson).
90. Cosin, Surtees Soc. 1869, xxi, cited in Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 21.
91. F.L.E., i.347.
92. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 30: W. Page, A treatise or justification of bowing at the name of Jesus. (Oxford, 1631, R.S.T.C. 19096), dedicatory.
93. Wing H. 2634: no editor is named. Cf. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 52 for another instance from the 1650s, by the Laudian Sir Robert Shirley. On John Warner, incumbent of Bishopsbourne in the 1630s, ibid., p. 31.
94. Early Stuart Church, 1603-1642, ed. Fincham, p. 42.
95. McCullough, Sermons at Court, pp. 200-9.
96. E.g. in the charge by Bishop Skinner of Bristol to his Dorset clergy in 1637: Early Stuart Church, ed. Fincham, p. 81. For Laudian adaptation of Andrewes to their purposes in a similar fashion to Hooker, see N. Tyacke, 'Lancelot Andrewes and the myth of Anglicanism', in Conformity and Orthodoxy, ed. Lake and Questier, pp. 5-33, especially pp. 7 and 12.
97. P. Heylyn, Cyprianus Anglicus, or the history of the Life and Death of...William by divine providence, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury...(London, 1668; Wing H. 1699), p. 318. For an early instance of Laud quoting Hooker in a sermon before James I, see his Court sermon of 24 March 1622: McCullough, Sermons at Court, microfiche listing of sermons, s.v. 24 March 1622.
98. [J. Gauden], Eikon Basilike...(London, 1649, Wing E.277A), appended material, p. 9 (copy in my possession; pagination is irregular).
99. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 45-6; Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 71-4.
100. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 42-3: G. Gillespie, A dispute against the English-Popish ceremonies obtruded upon the Church of Scotland, Wherein not only our own arguments against the same are strongly confuted, but likewise the answers and defences of our opposites, such as Hooker, Mortoune, Burges, Spring, Paybody, Andrewes, Saravia, Tilen, Spotiswood, Lindsey, Forbesse &c., Particularly confuted (Edinburgh, 1637, R.S.T.C. 11896). Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 60.
101. R. Baillie, Ladensium autokatakrisis, the Canterburians self-conviction...(Amsterdam, 1640, R.S.T.C. 1206), p. 109.
102. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 43.
103. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 66-67; Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 47-8.
104. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 88;
105. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 42-4, 51.
106. There has been much recent sensible discussion of this complicated problem: for the most definitive analysis, see F.L.E., iii.xiii-lxxv, but see also Sisson, Judicious Marriage, passim.
107. For a useful analysis of the problem, see A. S. McGrade, ''Repentance and spiritual power: Book VI of Richard Hooker's Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity'', J.Eccl.H. xxix (1978), 163-76.
108. F.L.E., iii.xix. Stephen McGrade lists various examples of stylistic incongruity in Book VII in ibid., vi.309n; see also his discussion, ibid., vi.243-46.
109. Hooker, ed. McGrade, pp. 308n, 340n.
110. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.xxiv.
111. On the popularity of Book VIII, F.L.E., iii.xxix. Keble also noticed this phenomenon: Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.xxiv-xxiv.
112. On Hugh Peter, Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 41. On Ussher's earlier publication of a minor Hooker text in 1641, see R. P. Almasy in Hooker, ed. McGrade, pp. 183-201.
113. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 89-90; Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 47-9. Both provide other examples of radical uses of Hooker during the Interregnum. See also Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 36, on Henry Parker, and J. Champion, The Pillars of Priestcraft shaken: the Church of England and its enemies, 1660-1730 (Cambridge, 1992), p. 204, on James Harrington.
114. C. McKelvie, 'Jeremy Taylor's recommendations for a library of Anglican theology (1660)', Irish Booklore IV ii (1980), 96-103 (I owe this reference to Jessica Martin).
115. 100. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 72 and n. 31.
116. 101. Trevor-Roper, Catholics, Anglicans and Puritans, p. 191.
117. 102. J. Martin, Walton's Lives: Conformist commemorations and the rise of biography (Oxford, 2001), pp. 81-2, 231.
118. 103. T. Fuller, The Church-History of Britain...until the year MDCXLVIII (London, 1655;
119. Wing. F.2416), Bk. ix, pp. 216-19, 235. Cf. discussion in Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 52. It is interesting that Fuller did not attempt a life of Hooker in his Abel Redevivus of 1651, even though he did include lives of Lancelot Andrewes and Hooker's tormentor Andrew Willett.
120. 104. Fuller, Worthies, ed. Freeman, p. 133. Still in this post-Restoration work, despite a snarl against Presbyterians, Fuller could add 'But be it reported to the judicious whether, when all is done, a reserve must not be left for prudential supplies in church government.': ibid., p. 134. This is clearly a reference to 'judicious' Hooker.
121. 105. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 63-5;
122. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 70.
123. 106. Works of Hooker, ed. Gauden, Life, pp. 7, 32-3.
124. 107. Works of Hooker, ed. Gauden, Life, p. 22.
125. 108. Works of Hooker, ed. Gauden, Life, pp. 4, 5.
126. 109. Works of Hooker, ed. Gauden, Life, pp. 25, 40.
127. 110. Equally masterly are the accounts of that shaping now provided by Martin, Walton, pp. 227-72, and by Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 82-92. An older account is D. Novarr, The making of Walton's Lives (Ithaca, N.Y., 1958).
128. III. The epistle to the reader of 1670 and 1675 is more outspoken, and also openly says that Sheldon commissioned Walton to correct Gauden.
129. 112. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 74-5.
130. 113. For Coleridge and Hallam, see Sisson, Judicious Marriage, pp. 186-7. Sisson misdated the Coleridge remark, which is a marginalium to British Library, Ashley 5175, biographical preface to the 1682 edn. of Hooker's Works, p. 28; this can be dated to Coleridge's radical years in 1790s Cambridge, not to the period of his later Toryism. I am indebted to Luke Wright for discussions on this point.
131. 114. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. II, points out that the 1906 Everyman edition of Hooker printed only the first five books. Cargill Thompson still felt constrained to argue against the fallacy in 1973: Cargill Thompson, 'Hooker's knowledge of Marsilius of Padua', 81 and n. 2.
132. 115. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 24.
133. 116. Cf. J. Edwards, Veritas Redux...(London, 1707), p. 539; Edwards, The doctrine of faith...(London, 1708), pp. 313-14. I am indebted to Stephen Hampton for pointing me to these references.
134. 117. For discussion of Hooker and late seventeenth century nonconformity, see Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 67-9, 74-5, 98-100;
135. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 50-1;
136. in particular, on Richard Baxter's confused and complex relationship to Hooker, Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 55, 92, 100, III-113.
137. 118. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 116-117.
138. 119. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 95-6; Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 108-110.
139. 120. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 95-6; A. P. Monahan in Hooker, ed. McGrade, p. 215. Michael Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 149, n. 26 speculates as to how extensive or profound Locke's reading of Hooker really was; he notes that none of the citations in Two Treatises extend beyond Book II of the Polity, which might suggest that he gave up reading it at that point, and may never have properly examined the promising material in Book VIII. However, Steven McGrade points out to me that Locke at various points did at least possess three different editions of Hooker's works: The Library of John Locke, ed. J. Harrison and P. Laslett (Oxford Bibliographical Society publications new series xiii, 1965), p. 157, nos. 1490-2.
140. 121. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 98;
141. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 53;
142. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 144;
143. T. Claydon, William III and the godly revolution (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 4-6, 28-33, 83-7. Even the image of Charles I could be pressed into service to defend the Revolution: see K. Sharpe, '''So hard a text''? images of Charles I, 1612-1700', Historical Journal xliii (2000), 383-407, 401-3.
144. 122. Charges to the Grand Jury 1689-1803, ed. G. Lamoine (Camden 4th ser. xliii, 1992), 30-1, 41-2. For later Whig uses of Hooker in Grand Jury Charges, see ibid., 255, 267, 434-5.
145. 123. '... there is not any man of the Church of England, but the same man is also a member of the Commonwealth, nor any man a member of the Commonwealth which is not also of the Church of England ': F.L.E., iii.319.
146. 124. J. Maltby, Prayer Book and People in Elizabeth and early Stuart England (Cambridge, 1998), p. 235.
147. 125. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 156;
148. J. Gascoigne, 'The Unity of Church and State challenged: responses to Hooker from the Restoration to the Nineteenth-Century age of reform', J.R.H. xxi (1997), 60-79, at 62.
149. 126. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 157, 160-1. For use by the Erastian Deist Matthew Tindal, see Gascoigne, 'Unity of Church and State', 61.
150. 127. The present constitution and the present succession vindicated: in answer to a late book entituled, the Hereditary right of the Crown of England asserted (London, 1714), p. I, qu. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 185. Cf. also ibid., p. 188.
151. 128. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 163-4. On Hooker during Anne's rule, ibid., pp. 166-89.
152. 129. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 55;
153. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 102-5.
154. 130. W. Warburton, The Alliance between Church and State: or the Necessity and Equity of an established religion and a Test-Law demonstrated...(edns from 1736). Principal enlargements of the Alliance as an independent text after 1736 are 1748 and 1766. Its original text had been designed as part of Warburton's much larger work The Divine Legation of Moses, which first appeared in full in print in 1738, although begun at the end of the 1720s. Cf. useful discussion in Gascoigne, 'Unity of Church and State', 63-6, and J. Van Den Berg, 'Thomas Morgan versus William Warburton: a conflict the other way round', J.Eccl.H. xlii (1991), 82-5, 84.
155. 131. Warburton, Alliance (1748 edn.), dedication to Philip, Earl of Chesterfield, unpag.
156. 132. Warburton, Alliance (1741 edn.), pp. 63, 88n.
157. 133. Warburton, Alliance (1741 edn.), pp. 113-114 - to which the index entry refers. Obviously the relationship with the Church of Scotland was not the only issue shaping Warburton's distinctive alliance theory. Unnameable in his text, although undoubtedly in his mind, was the confessional Lutheranism of the first Hanoverian monarchs. However, this was a diminishing reality (unlike the Church of Scotland) as the Alliance underwent its years of extended development.
158. 134. Warburton, Alliance (1741 edn.), p. 30;
159. Eccleshall, 'Hooker', 76. On Neal and Warburton, see The Ecclesiastical Polity and other works of Richard Hooker..., ed. B. Hanbury (3 vols London, 1830), i. xxxvii-xxxix, and Warburton, Works (1788 edn.), vii.898.
160. 135. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 56.
161. 136. The new excursus on Hooker occupies pp. 180-7 of Warburton, Alliance (vol. iv of 1788 edn. of Warburton, Works, reprinting the 1766 edn.).
162. 137. Warburton, 1788 edn. of Works iv.180-1, 186-7, 243, 304. Gascoigne, 'Unity of Church and State', 65, suggests that Hooker may have primarily been a straw man for Warburton to make a veiled attack on Hoadly. This may well have been part of his intention, but 1766 seems a late date for such an impulse, and at Works iv.180-1, Warburton explicitly makes the connection to his clash with Bolingbroke, referring to material found in his Postscript from 1766 edn., pr. ibid. iv.300-4.
163. 138. S. Taylor, 'William Warburton and the alliance of Church and State', J.Eccl.H. xliii (1992), 271-86;
164. P. Nockles, The Oxford Movement in context: Anglican High Churchmanship, 1760-1857 (Cambridge, 1994), p. 56.
165. 139. Nockles, Oxford Movement in context, p. 63;
166. cf. Gascoigne, 'Unity of Church and State', 67-8.
167. 140. Nockles, Oxford Movement in context, pp. 64-5. Gascoigne, 'Unity of Church and State', 67;
168. Condren, 'Hooker's public authority', 56.
169. 141. Gascoigne, 'Unity of Church and State', 69-70.
170. 142. Gascoigne, 'Unity of Church and State', 76.
171. 143. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.li.
172. 144. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.cv. Works of Hooker, ed. Hanbury, i.xiii.
173. 145. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.ii, civ. Contrast Hanbury's trenchant criticism of Walton: Works of Hooker, ed. Hanbury, i.cxviii-cxxii.
174. 146. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.lii, lviii, lxxxiii, xcvi.
175. 147. Cf. Keble's Preface in Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, passim, but esp. i.lxi-lxii, lxvii, lxix, lxxii-lxxviii, lxxxi, xcii. For useful comment, see also Gascoigne, 'Unity of Church and State', 73-4;
176. Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', p. 9;
177. Nockles, Oxford Movement in context, pp. 242, 250, 256, 264.
178. 148. Works of Hooker, ed. Keble, i.lxxxix; cf. Nockles, Oxford Movement in context, p. 207.
179. 149. H. Froude, Remains, ed. J. H. Newman and J. B. Mozley (4 vols, Oxford, 1837-9), i.415. For Froude's evolving attitude to Hooker, and his influence on Keble, see Nockles, Oxford Movement in context, p. 80, and W. J. Baker, 'Hurrell Froude and the Reformers', J.Eccl.H. xxi (1970), 243-59, esp. 251, 255.
180. 150. J. H. Newman, Lectures on Justification (London, 1838), p. 442;
181. this is in an Appendix to the actual lectures. I am grateful to Peter Nockles for leading me to this reference.
182. 151. Nockles, Oxford Movement in context, p. 242.
183. 152. H. Fish, Jesuitism traced in the movements of the Oxford Tractarians (London, 1842), p. 61;
184. cf. p. 26. Oxford, Pusey House, Pusey-Tyndale correspondence (uncatalogued). I am indebted to Peter Nockles for alerting me to these references, and for letting me see his so far unpublished article 'Anglicanism ''Represented'' or ''Misrepresented''? The Oxford Movement, the Reformation and the 17th-century Divines'.
185. 153. For useful discussion on this theme, together with a listing of Hooker statuary, see Brydon, 'Evolving reputation', pp. 9-1I. To analyse the use of Hooker in Anglican contributions to ecumenical dialogue in the twentieth century would require another extended paper.
186. 154. A. P. D'Entrèves, 'Richard Hooker: a study in the history of political philosophy', Oxford D.Phil. thesis, 1932: publ. and tr. as Ricardo Hooker (Turin, 1932). Cf. W. J. T. Kirby, Richard Hooker's Doctrine of the Royal Supremacy, Leiden, 1990, p. 12.