메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 21-43

Recommended Best Practices for the Early Identification and Diagnosis of Children with Specific Learning Disabilities in Ontario

Author keywords

assessment; diagnosis; differential diagnosis; early identification; learning disabilities

Indexed keywords


EID: 85016417935     PISSN: 08295735     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0829573506295461     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 85016392471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berninger, V. (2001). Process assessment of the learner test battery for reading and writing. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp.
  • 2
    • 84889484084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain-based assessment and instructional intervention
    • G. Reid & A. Fawcett (Eds.) Philadelphia: Whurr
    • Berninger, V. (2004). Brain-based assessment and instructional intervention. In G. Reid & A. Fawcett (Eds.), Dyslexia in context: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 90-119). Philadelphia: Whurr.
    • (2004) Dyslexia in context: Research, policy, and practice , pp. 90-119
    • Berninger, V.1
  • 3
    • 0009919114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment for reading and writing intervention: A 3-tier model for prevention and intervention
    • J. Andrews, D. H. Saklofske, & H. Janzen (Eds.) San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Berninger, V., Stage, S., Smith, D., & Hildebrand, D. (2001). Assessment for reading and writing intervention: A 3-tier model for prevention and intervention. In J. Andrews, D. H. Saklofske, & H. Janzen (Eds.), Ability, achievement, and behavior assessment: A practical handbook (pp. 195-223). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (2001) Ability, achievement, and behavior assessment: A practical handbook , pp. 195-223
    • Berninger, V.1    Stage, S.2    Smith, D.3    Hildebrand, D.4
  • 4
    • 0033066525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The properties of equally and differentially weighted WAIS-III factor scores
    • Caruso, J., & Cliff, N. (1999). The properties of equally and differentially weighted WAIS-III factor scores. Psychological Assessment, 11, 198-206.
    • (1999) Psychological Assessment , vol.11 , pp. 198-206
    • Caruso, J.1    Cliff, N.2
  • 5
    • 85016412506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chalmers, L. (2002). Best practices. Guidelines: Identification and evaluation of students with specific learning disabilities. Retrieved April 4, 2004.
  • 6
    • 85016405025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of severe discrepancy determination, clinical judgment, pressure factors and service motive on the recommendations of school psychologists to classify children as learning-disabled
    • Davenport, D. A. (1997). The effects of severe discrepancy determination, clinical judgment, pressure factors and service motive on the recommendations of school psychologists to classify children as learning-disabled. Dissertation Abstracts International, 58, 81A.
    • (1997) Dissertation Abstracts International , vol.58 , pp. 81A
    • Davenport, D.A.1
  • 8
    • 85016427178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dowie, J., & Elstein, A. (1988). Professional judgment: A reader in clinical decision-making. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • 9
    • 21144462984 scopus 로고
    • Inferential heuristics in clinical problem formulation: Selective review of their strengths and weaknesses
    • Dumont, F. (1993). Inferential heuristics in clinical problem formulation: Selective review of their strengths and weaknesses. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 24, 196-205.
    • (1993) Professional Psychology: Research and Practice , vol.24 , pp. 196-205
    • Dumont, F.1
  • 10
    • 0002373638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading: A research-based approach
    • W. Evers (Ed.) Stanford, CA: Hoover Institute Press
    • Fletcher, J. M., & Lyon, G. R. (1998). Reading: A research-based approach. In W. Evers (Ed.), What's wrong in America's classrooms (pp. 49-90). Stanford, CA: Hoover Institute Press.
    • (1998) What's wrong in America's classrooms , pp. 49-90
    • Fletcher, J.M.1    Lyon, G.R.2
  • 12
    • 85016408310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Good, R. H., & Kaminski, R. A. (Eds.). (2002). Dynamic indicators of basic early literacy skills (6th ed.). Eugene, OR: Institute for the Development of Education Achievement.
  • 13
    • 0141909147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responsiveness to intervention: An alternative approach to the identification of learning disabilities
    • R. Bradley, L. Danielson, & D. P. Hallahan (Eds.) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Gresham, F. M. (2002). Responsiveness to intervention: An alternative approach to the identification of learning disabilities. In R. Bradley, L. Danielson, & D. P. Hallahan (Eds.), Identification of learning disabilities. Research to practice (pp. 467-519). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (2002) Identification of learning disabilities. Research to practice , pp. 467-519
    • Gresham, F.M.1
  • 14
    • 0037045836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use and misuse of screening tests
    • Grimes, D. A., & Shultz, K. F. (2002). Use and misuse of screening tests. Lancet, 359, 881-884.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 881-884
    • Grimes, D.A.1    Shultz, K.F.2
  • 16
    • 0040381793 scopus 로고
    • School psychologists' diagnosis of learning disabilities: A study of illusory correlation
    • Gyns, J., Willis, W. G., & Faust, D. (1995). School psychologists' diagnosis of learning disabilities: A study of illusory correlation. Journal of School Psychology, 33, 59-73.
    • (1995) Journal of School Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 59-73
    • Gyns, J.1    Willis, W.G.2    Faust, D.3
  • 17
    • 0023270529 scopus 로고
    • Physical and emotional abuse and motor development: A preliminary investigation
    • Hughes, H., & DiBrezzo, R. (1987). Physical and emotional abuse and motor development: A preliminary investigation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 64, 469-470.
    • (1987) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.64 , pp. 469-470
    • Hughes, H.1    DiBrezzo, R.2
  • 18
    • 84965923005 scopus 로고
    • Validity of IQ-achievement discrepancy criteria for identifying learning disabilities
    • Humphrey, T., & Bone, J. (1993). Validity of IQ-achievement discrepancy criteria for identifying learning disabilities. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 9, 181-191.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of School Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 181-191
    • Humphrey, T.1    Bone, J.2
  • 19
    • 85016436865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invernizzi, M., Meier, J. D., Swank, L., & Juel, C. (2002). Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS-K). Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
  • 20
    • 85016439214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kavale, K. A., & Forness, S. (1995). The nature of learning disabilities: Critical elements of diagnosis and classification. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • 22
    • 85016439398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kavale, K. A., Holdnack, J., & Mostert, M. P. (2003, December). The feasibility of a response to intervention approach for the identification of specific learning disability: A psychometric alternative. Paper presented at the National Research Centre on Learning Disabilities Responsiveness to Intervention Symposium, Kansas City, MO.
  • 23
    • 0027350770 scopus 로고
    • Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies
    • Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M., & Finkelhor, D. (1993). Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 164-180.
    • (1993) Psychological Bulletin , vol.113 , pp. 164-180
    • Kendall-Tackett, K.A.1    Williams, L.M.2    Finkelhor, D.3
  • 24
    • 0027716707 scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in sexually abused children: Implications for legal proceedings
    • Koverola, C., & Foa, D. (1993). Post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in sexually abused children: Implications for legal proceedings. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2, 119-128.
    • (1993) Journal of Child Sexual Abuse , vol.2 , pp. 119-128
    • Koverola, C.1    Foa, D.2
  • 25
    • 85016414616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning Disabilities Association of Ontario. (1999). Promoting Early Intervention project. Retrieved March 9, 2004.
  • 26
    • 85016441529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning Disabilities Association of Ontario. (2001). Early intervention screening tool for K-1 educators. Retrieved October 23, 2003.
  • 27
    • 85016409001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning Disabilities Association of Ontario. (2002). Promoting Early Intervention project. Retrieved October 23, 2003.
  • 28
    • 85016414352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning Disabilities Association of Ontario. (2004). Promoting Early Intervention project. Retrieved April 17, 2004.
  • 29
    • 85016397933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning Opportunities Task Force. (2002). Learning opportunities task force report: 1997 to 2002 report summary. Richmond Hill, Canada: Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities.
  • 30
    • 0002115820 scopus 로고
    • Reading difficulties can be predicted and prevented: A Scandinavian perspective on phonological awareness and reading
    • C. Hulme & M. Snowling (Eds.) London: Whurr
    • Lundberg, I. (1994). Reading difficulties can be predicted and prevented: A Scandinavian perspective on phonological awareness and reading. In C. Hulme & M. Snowling (Eds.), Reading development and dyslexia (pp. 180-199). London: Whurr.
    • (1994) Reading development and dyslexia , pp. 180-199
    • Lundberg, I.1
  • 31
    • 0002957155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking learning disabilities
    • C. E. Finn, Jr., A. J. Rotherham, & C. R. Hokanson, Jr. (Eds.) Washington, DC: Thomas B. Fordham Foundation
    • Lyon, G. R., Fletcher, J. M., Shaywitz, S. E., Shaywitz, B. A., Torgesen, J. K., Wood, F. B., et al. (2001). Rethinking learning disabilities. In C. E. Finn, Jr., A. J. Rotherham, & C. R. Hokanson, Jr. (Eds.), Rethinking special education for a new century (pp. 259-287). Washington, DC: Thomas B. Fordham Foundation.
    • (2001) Rethinking special education for a new century , pp. 259-287
    • Lyon, G.R.1    Fletcher, J.M.2    Shaywitz, S.E.3    Shaywitz, B.A.4    Torgesen, J.K.5    Wood, F.B.6
  • 32
    • 0026901120 scopus 로고
    • Psychological assessment in the 21st century
    • Matarazzo, J. D. (1992). Psychological assessment in the 21st century. American Psychologist, 47, 1007-1018.
    • (1992) American Psychologist , vol.47 , pp. 1007-1018
    • Matarazzo, J.D.1
  • 34
    • 85016429248 scopus 로고
    • Base rate data for the WAIS-R: Test-retest stability and VIQ-PIQ differences
    • Matarazzo, J. D., & Herman, D. (1984). Base rate data for the WAIS-R: Test-retest stability and VIQ-PIQ differences. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 35, 1-66.
    • (1984) Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.35 , pp. 1-66
    • Matarazzo, J.D.1    Herman, D.2
  • 35
    • 0013611967 scopus 로고
    • Subtest scatter and premorbid intelligence: Lessons learned from the WAIS-R standardization sample
    • Matarazzo, J. D., & Prifitera, A. (1989). Subtest scatter and premorbid intelligence: Lessons learned from the WAIS-R standardization sample. Psychological Assessment, 1, 186-191.
    • (1989) Psychological Assessment , vol.1 , pp. 186-191
    • Matarazzo, J.D.1    Prifitera, A.2
  • 36
    • 85016434523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McCain, M. N., & Mustard, J. F. (1999). Reversing the real brain drain. Early years study: Final report. Toronto: Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.
  • 37
    • 0030140891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of documentation submitted by university students to verify their learning disabilities
    • McGuire, J., Madaus, J., Litt, A. V., & Ramirez, M. (1996). An investigation of documentation submitted by university students to verify their learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29, 297-304.
    • (1996) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.29 , pp. 297-304
    • McGuire, J.1    Madaus, J.2    Litt, A.V.3    Ramirez, M.4
  • 38
    • 0024821260 scopus 로고
    • Base rates of WAIS-R subtest scatter as a guide for clinical and neuropsychological assessment
    • McLean, J., Kaufman, A. S., & Reynolds, C. (1989). Base rates of WAIS-R subtest scatter as a guide for clinical and neuropsychological assessment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 919-926.
    • (1989) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 919-926
    • McLean, J.1    Kaufman, A.S.2    Reynolds, C.3
  • 39
    • 85016428017 scopus 로고
    • Ontario, Canada: Government of Ontario, Ministry of Education
    • Ministry of Education. (1990). Education Act, R. S. O., Chapter E2, §11 (1). Ontario, Canada: Government of Ontario, Ministry of Education.
    • (1990) Education Act, R. S. O., Chapter E2, §11 , Issue.1
  • 40
    • 85016439855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. (1991). Regulated Health Professions Act, S.O. 1991, Chapter 18. Retrieved March 8, 2004.
  • 41
    • 77952477607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statutory requirements and policy of the College of Psychologists of Ontario. Communication of a diagnosis: A controlled act in psychological practice
    • Ontario College of Psychologists. (1997). Statutory requirements and policy of the College of Psychologists of Ontario. Communication of a diagnosis: A controlled act in psychological practice. The Bulletin, 24, 9.
    • (1997) The Bulletin , vol.24 , pp. 9
  • 42
    • 0028136812 scopus 로고
    • Factor space of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition: Critical thoughts and recommendations
    • Parker, K., & Atkinson, L. (1994). Factor space of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition: Critical thoughts and recommendations. Psychological Assessment, 6, 201-208.
    • (1994) Psychological Assessment , vol.6 , pp. 201-208
    • Parker, K.1    Atkinson, L.2
  • 43
    • 14944384562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention deficit disorder and learning disability: United States, 1997-98. National Center for Health Statistics
    • Pastor, P. N., & Reuben, C. A. (2002). Attention deficit disorder and learning disability: United States, 1997-98. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics, 10(206), 6.
    • (2002) Vital Health Statistics , vol.10 , Issue.206 , pp. 6
    • Pastor, P.N.1    Reuben, C.A.2
  • 44
    • 0002643925 scopus 로고
    • Subtest scatter on the WISC-R with children of superior intelligence
    • Patchett, R., & Stansfield, M. (1992). Subtest scatter on the WISC-R with children of superior intelligence. Psychology in the Schools, 29, 5-11.
    • (1992) Psychology in the Schools , vol.29 , pp. 5-11
    • Patchett, R.1    Stansfield, M.2
  • 45
    • 85016433468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putnam, F. (1988). Diagnosis and treatment of multiple personality disorder. New York: Guilford.
  • 46
    • 85016430851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosner, J. (1975). Helping children overcome learning difficulties. New York: Walker and Company.
  • 47
    • 0019603287 scopus 로고
    • Scatter analysis of WISC-R profiles for learning-disabled children with superior intelligence
    • Schiff, M., Kaufman, A. S., & Kaufman, N. (1981). Scatter analysis of WISC-R profiles for learning-disabled children with superior intelligence. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14, 400-404.
    • (1981) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.14 , pp. 400-404
    • Schiff, M.1    Kaufman, A.S.2    Kaufman, N.3
  • 48
    • 85016428449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scruggs, T. (2003, December). Alternatives to RtI in the assessment of learning disabilities. Paper presented at the National Research Centre on Learning Disabilities Responsiveness to Intervention Symposium, Kansas City, MO.
  • 49
    • 85016430226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shaywitz, B., Fulbright, R., Skudlarski, P., Menci, E., Constable, T., Pugh, K., et al. (2003). Yale researchers identify two types of childhood reading disability with different brain patterns and different outcomes [Yale news release]. Retrieved March 9, 2004, from http://www.yale.edu/opa/newer/03-06-30-01.all.html.
  • 50
    • 0024027275 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that IQ is irrelevant to the definition and analysis of reading disability
    • Siegel, L. (1988). Evidence that IQ is irrelevant to the definition and analysis of reading disability. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 42, 202-215.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 202-215
    • Siegel, L.1
  • 51
    • 84973703039 scopus 로고
    • WISC-R profiles of high ability children: Interpretation of verbal-performance discrepancies
    • Silver, S. J., & Clampit, M. K. (1990). WISC-R profiles of high ability children: Interpretation of verbal-performance discrepancies. Gifted Child Quarterly, 34, 76-79.
    • (1990) Gifted Child Quarterly , vol.34 , pp. 76-79
    • Silver, S.J.1    Clampit, M.K.2
  • 52
    • 84912838319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive validity of the Teacher's School Readiness Inventory
    • Simner, M. L. (1997). Predictive validity of the Teacher's School Readiness Inventory. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 3, 21-32.
    • (1997) Canadian Journal of School Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 21-32
    • Simner, M.L.1
  • 53
    • 28444480942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Starting at the beginning for learning disabilities identification: Response to instruction in general education
    • T. E. Scruggs & M. A. Mastropieri (Eds.) Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science
    • Speece, D. L., Mollow, D. E., & Case, L. P. (2003). Starting at the beginning for learning disabilities identification: Response to instruction in general education. In T. E. Scruggs & M. A. Mastropieri (Eds.), Identification and assessment: Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities (pp. 37-51). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.
    • (2003) Identification and assessment: Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities , pp. 37-51
    • Speece, D.L.1    Mollow, D.E.2    Case, L.P.3
  • 54
    • 84956885215 scopus 로고
    • Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy
    • Stanovich, K. E. (1986). Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy. Reading Research Quarterly, 21, 360-406.
    • (1986) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 360-406
    • Stanovich, K.E.1
  • 55
    • 85016397784 scopus 로고
    • Discrepancy definitions of reading disability: Has intelligence led us astray?
    • Stanovich, K. E. (1991). Discrepancy definitions of reading disability: Has intelligence led us astray? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 53-58.
    • (1991) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.23 , pp. 53-58
    • Stanovich, K.E.1
  • 56
    • 85016394610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Canada. (2001). Prevalence of disability in Canada. Retrieved July 21, 2004.
  • 57
    • 0346955871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing tests: Using and misusing diagnostic and screening tests
    • Streiner, D. (2003). Diagnosing tests: Using and misusing diagnostic and screening tests. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81, 209-219.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.81 , pp. 209-219
    • Streiner, D.1
  • 58
    • 85016410119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swanson, H. L. (1999). Intervention research for adolescents with learning disabilities: A meta-analysis of outcomes related to high-order processing. Retrieved March 9, 2004.
  • 59
    • 0141874390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for the best model for instructing students with learning disabilities
    • Swanson, H. L. (2001). Searching for the best model for instructing students with learning disabilities. Focus on Exceptional Children, 34, 2-15.
    • (2001) Focus on Exceptional Children , vol.34 , pp. 2-15
    • Swanson, H.L.1
  • 60
    • 0024741384 scopus 로고
    • Why is IQ relevant to the definition of learning disabilities?
    • Torgensen, J. K. (1989). Why is IQ relevant to the definition of learning disabilities? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 484-486.
    • (1989) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.22 , pp. 484-486
    • Torgensen, J.K.1
  • 61
    • 85016407983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torgensen, J. K. (2001, August). Empirical and theoretical support for direct diagnosis of learning disabilities by assessment of intrinsic processing weaknesses. Paper presented at the Learning Disabilities Summit, Washington, DC.
  • 62
    • 85016410192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turk, D., & Salovey, P. (1988). Reasoning, inference, and judgment in clinical psychology. New York: Free Press.
  • 63
    • 0031489363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching phonological processing skills in early literacy: A developmental approach
    • Vandervelden, M. C., & Siegel, L. S. (1997). Teaching phonological processing skills in early literacy: A developmental approach. Learning Disability Quarterly, 20, 63-81.
    • (1997) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.20 , pp. 63-81
    • Vandervelden, M.C.1    Siegel, L.S.2
  • 64
    • 2442627716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redefining learning disabilities as inadequate response to instruction: The promise and potential problems
    • Vaughn, S., & Fuchs, L. S. (2003). Redefining learning disabilities as inadequate response to instruction: The promise and potential problems. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 18, 137-146.
    • (2003) Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , vol.18 , pp. 137-146
    • Vaughn, S.1    Fuchs, L.S.2
  • 65
    • 0040152562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further analysis of the relationship between reading achievement and intelligence: Response to Naglieri
    • Vellutino, F. R. (2001). Further analysis of the relationship between reading achievement and intelligence: Response to Naglieri. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, 306-310.
    • (2001) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.24 , pp. 306-310
    • Vellutino, F.R.1
  • 66
    • 0000043115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case for early intervention in diagnosing specific reading disability
    • Vellutino, F. R., Scanlon, D. M., & Tanzman, M. S. (1998). The case for early intervention in diagnosing specific reading disability. Journal of School Psychology, 36, 367-397.
    • (1998) Journal of School Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 367-397
    • Vellutino, F.R.1    Scanlon, D.M.2    Tanzman, M.S.3
  • 67
    • 0027761930 scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic stress disorder and child sexual abuse: Commentary
    • Walker, L. (1993). Post-traumatic stress disorder and child sexual abuse: Commentary. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2, 129-132.
    • (1993) Journal of Child Sexual Abuse , vol.2 , pp. 129-132
    • Walker, L.1
  • 68
    • 85016444946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington State Association of School Psychologists. (2000). Washington State Association of School Psychologists professional practice guidelines in the evaluation of students with specific learning disabilities. Retrieved April 4, 2004.
  • 69
    • 85016439983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wechsler, D. (2001). Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-second edition. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • 70
    • 85016434225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • 71
    • 84970283428 scopus 로고
    • Another look at evaluating aptitude-achievement discrepancies in the diagnosis of learning disabilities
    • Wilson, V., & Reynolds, C. (1984). Another look at evaluating aptitude-achievement discrepancies in the diagnosis of learning disabilities. Journal of Special Education, 18, 477-487.
    • (1984) Journal of Special Education , vol.18 , pp. 477-487
    • Wilson, V.1    Reynolds, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.