Diagnostic delay and associated factors among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Infectious Diseases of Poverty

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2017, Pages

  Said, Khadija ^a,b,c   Hella, Jerry ^a,b,c   Mhalu, Grace ^a,b,c   Chiryankubi, Mary ^d   Masika, Edward ^d   Maroa, Thomas ^a   Mhimbira, Francis ^a,b,c   Kapalata, Neema ^d   Fenner, Lukas ^a,b,c,e  

^a IFAKARA HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Tanzania)

^b SWISS TROPICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^d National Programme on Tuberculosis and Leprosy   (Tanzania)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Diagnostic delay; Geographic information system; Health seeking; Pharmacy; Tanzania; Transmission; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; COUGHING; DELAYED DIAGNOSIS; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE DURATION; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEMOPTYSIS; HUMAN; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL STATUS; SWEATING; TANZANIA; THORAX PAIN; WEIGHT REDUCTION; YOUNG ADULT; ADOLESCENT; AGED; COHORT ANALYSIS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; GEOGRAPHIC MAPPING; OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT; PATIENT ATTITUDE; SOCIAL CLASS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES; COHORT STUDIES; DELAYED DIAGNOSIS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC MAPPING; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; SOCIAL CLASS; TANZANIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85016144423     PISSN: 20955162     EISSN: 20499957     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0276-4     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Cummings KJ. Tuberculosis control: challenges of an ancient and ongoing epidemic. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(5):683-92.
2. Gupta RK, et al. Prevalence of tuberculosis in post-mortem studies of HIV-infected adults and children in resource-limited settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aids. 2015;29(15):1987-2002.
3. World Health Organization, Diagnostic and treatment delay in tuberculosis. Geneva: WHO; 2006.
4. Senkoro M, et al. Health care-seeking behaviour among people with cough in Tanzania: findings from a tuberculosis prevalence survey. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19(6):640-6.
5. Rabin AS, et al. Prescribed and self-medication use increase delays in diagnosis of tuberculosis in the country of Georgia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013;17(2):214-20.
6. Chen S, et al. Are free anti-tuberculosis drugs enough? An empirical study from three cities in China. Infect Dis Poverty. 2015;4:47.
7. World Health Organization, WHO fact sheet on tuberculosis (TB) 2015. Geneva: WHO; 2015.
8. Storla DG, Yimer S, Bjune GA. A systematic review of delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:15.
9. Creswell J, et al. Introducing new tuberculosis diagnostics: the impact of Xpert® MTB/RIF testing on case notifications in Nepal. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19(5):545-51.
10. Kapoor SK, et al. How did the TB patients reach DOTS services in Delhi? A study of patient treatment seeking behavior. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8), e42458.
11. World Health Organization, WHO | Global tuberculosis report 2015. Geneva: WHO; 2015.
12. Ngadaya ES, et al. Delay in tuberculosis case detection in Pwani region, Tanzania. A cross sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9:196.
13. The United Republic of Tanzania. Tanzania Population and Housing Census 2012. 2012.
14. World Health Organization, WHO | Global tuberculosis report 2014. Geneva: WHO; 2014.
15. National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme. National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Annual Report. 2014.
16. National Bureau of Statistics. Office of Regional Commissioner, Dar es Salaam Region Socio-economic Profile. 2014.
17. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. Manual for the Management of Tuberculosis and Leprosy. Sixthth ed. 2013.
18. Steiner A, Hella J, Grüninger S, Mhalu G, Mhimbira F, Cercamondi CI, Doulla B, Maire N, Fenner L. Managing research and surveillance projects in real-time with a novel open-source eManagement tool designed for under-resourced countries. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016;23:916-23.
19. Aoki M, Mori T, Shimao T. Studies on factors influencing patient's, doctor's and total delay of tuberculosis case-detection in Japan. Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis. 1985;60:128-30.
20. Richard L, Armand Van D, Ivan B, Mark F-G. The Handbook - Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by Sputum Microscopy. 2013.
21. Lawn SD, Afful B, Acheampong JW. Pulmonary tuberculosis: diagnostic delay in Ghanaian adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1998;2(8):635-40.
22. Chen HG, et al. Impact of diabetes on diagnostic delay for pulmonary tuberculosis in Beijing. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18(3):267-71.
23. Sreeramareddy CT, et al. Time delays in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review of literature. BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:91.
24. QGIS Development team. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. 2015.
25. Coveney J. FIRTHLOGIT: Stata module to calculate bias reduction in logistic regression. In: Statistical Software Components. Boston: Boston College Department of Economics; 2015.
26. Yimer SA, Bjune GA, Holm-Hansen C. Time to first consultation, diagnosis and treatment of TB among patients attending a referral hospital in Northwest, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:19.
27. Thakur R, Murhekar M. Delay in diagnosis and treatment among TB patients registered under RNTCP Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, 2010. Indian J Tuberc. 2013;60(1):37-45.
28. Saifodine A, et al. Patient and health system delay among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Beira city, Mozambique. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:559.
29. Mfinanga SG, et al. The magnitude and factors associated with delays in management of smear positive tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:158.
30. Irani L, Kabalimu TK, Kasesela S. Knowledge and healthcare seeking behaviour of pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending Ilala District Hospital, Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull. 2007;9(3):169-73.
31. Hinderaker SG, et al. Treatment delay among tuberculosis patients in Tanzania: data from the FIDELIS initiative. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:306.
32. Lambert ML, Van der Stuyft P. Delays to tuberculosis treatment: shall we continue to blame the victim? Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10(10):945-6.
33. Shete PB, et al. Pathways and costs of care for patients with tuberculosis symptoms in rural Uganda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19(8):912-7.
34. Odusanya OO, Babafemi JO. Patterns of delays amongst pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2004;4:18.
35. Biya O, et al. Knowledge, care-seeking behavior, and factors associated with patient delay among newly-diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, 2010. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;18:6.
36. Paz-Soldan VA, et al. Patient Reported Delays in Seeking Treatment for Tuberculosis among Adult and Pediatric TB Patients and TB Patients Co-Infected with HIV in Lima, Peru: A Qualitative Study. Front Public Health. 2014;2:281.
37. Belay M, et al. Diagnostic and treatment delay among Tuberculosis patients in Afar Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:369.
38. Segagni Lusignani L, et al. Factors associated with patient and health care system delay in diagnosis for tuberculosis in the province of Luanda, Angola. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:168.
39. Makwakwa L, et al. Patient and heath system delays in the diagnosis and treatment of new and retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Malawi. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:132.
40. Ukwaja KN, et al. Healthcare-seeking behavior, treatment delays and its determinants among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in rural Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:25.
41. Sabawoon W, Sato H, Kobayashi Y. Delay in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a report from Afghanistan. Environ Health Prev Med. 2012;17(1):53-61.
42. Maciel EL, et al. Delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at a primary health clinic in Vitoria, Brazil. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010;14(11):1403-10.
43. Kardjito T, Grange JM. Immunological and clinical features of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in East Java. Tubercle. 1980;61(4):231-8.
44. Cai J, et al. Factors associated with patient and provider delays for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(3), e0120088.
45. Sabde YD, et al. Mapping private pharmacies and their characteristics in Ujjain district, Central India. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:351.
46. Theron G, et al. Data for action: collection and use of local data to end tuberculosis. Lancet. 2015;386(10010):2324-33.
47. MacPherson P, et al. Development and validation of a global positioning system-based "map book" system for categorizing cluster residency status of community members living in high-density urban slums in Blantyre, Malawi. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(10):1143-7.
48. Hargreaves JR, et al. The social determinants of tuberculosis: from evidence to action. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(4):654-62.
49. Lonnroth K, et al. Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: the role of risk factors and social determinants. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(12):2240-6.
50. Maske AP, et al. Socio-cultural features and help-seeking preferences for leprosy and turbeculosis: a cultural epidemiological study in a tribal district of Maharashtra, India. Infect Dis Poverty. 2015;4:33.