Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in agricultural sustainability-A review

Molecules

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2016, Pages

  Vejan, Pravin ^a   Abdullah, Rosazlin ^a   Khadiran, Tumirah ^b   Ismail, Salmah ^a   Nasrulhaq Boyce, Amru ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

^b FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Biofertilizer; Nano encapsulation technology; Plant growth; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); Plant microbes

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; BACTERIAL PHENOMENA AND FUNCTIONS; MICROBIOLOGY; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; PLANT ROOT; RHIZOSPHERE;

AGRICULTURE; BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; PLANT ROOTS; RHIZOSPHERE; SOIL MICROBIOLOGY;

EID: 85016107938     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14203049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050573     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Draft U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report: 1990-2014. Available online: https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/usinventoryreport.html (accessed on 23 March 2016).
2. Galloway, J.N.; Townsend, A.R.; Erisman, J.W.; Bekunda, M.; Cai, Z.; Freney, J.R.; Martinelli, L.A.; Seitzinger, S.P.; Sutton, M.A. Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: Recent trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science 2008, 320, 889-892.
3. Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Baggs, E.M.; Dannenmann, M.; Kiese, R.; Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. Nitrous oxide emissions from soils: How well do we understand the processes and their controls? Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 2013, 368.
4. Armada, E.; Portela, G.; Roldan, A.; Azcon, R. Combined use of beneficial soil microorganism and agrowaste residue to cope with plant water limitation under semiarid conditions. Geoderma 2014, 232, 640-648.
5. Calvo, P.; Nelson, L.M.; Kloepper, J.W. Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant Soil 2014, 383, 3-41.
6. Glick, B.R. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria: Mechanisms and Applications; Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Scientifica: Waterloo, Canada, 2012.
7. Bashan, Y.; de-Bashan, L.E.; Prabhu, S.R.; Hernandez, J.-P. Advances in plant growth-promoting bacterial inoculant technology: Formulations and practical perspectives (1998-2013). (A Marschner Review). Plant Soil 2014, 378, 1-33.
8. Martinez-Viveros, O.; Jorquera, M.A.; Crowley, D.E.; Gajardo, G.; Mora, M.L. Mechanisms and practical considerations involved in plant growth promotion by rhizobacteria. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2010, 10, 293-319.
9. Dey, R.; Pal, K.K.; Bhatt, D.M.; Chauhan, S.M. Growth promotion and yield enhancement of peanut (Arachis hypogeal L.) by application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Microbiol. Res. 2004, 159, 371-394.
10. Choudhary, D.K.; Sharma, K.P.; Gaur, R.K. Biotechnological perspectives of microbes in agro-ecosystems. Biotechnol. Lett. 2011, 33, 1905-1910.
11. Nakkeeran, S.; Fernando, W.G.D.; Siddiqui, Z.A. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria formulations and its scope in commercialization for the management of pests and dideases. In PGPR: Biocontrol and Biofertilization; Siddiqui, Z.A., Ed.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2005; pp. 257-296.
12. Ahmad, F.; Ahmad, I.; Khan, M.S. Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities. Microbiol. Res. 2008, 163, 173-181.
13. Burdman, S.; Jurkevitch, E.; Okon, Y. Recent advances in the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture. In Microbial Interactions in Agriculture and Forestry; Subba Rao, N.S., Dommergues, Y.R., Eds.; Science Publishers: Enfield, NH, USA, 2000; pp. 229-250.
14. Weller, D.M.; Thomashow, L.S. Current challenges in introducing beneficial microorganisms into the rhizosphere. In Molecular Ecology of Rhizosphere Microorganisms: Biotechnology and Release of GMOs; O'Gara, F., Dowling, D.N., Boesten, B., Eds.; VCH: New York, NY, USA, 1994; pp. 1-18.
15. Kaymak, D.C. Potential of PGPR in agricultural innovations. In Plant Growth and Health Promoting Bacteria; Maheshwari, D.K., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2010.
16. Saharan, B.S.; Nehra, V. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: A critical review. Life Sci. Med. Res. 2011, 21, 1-30.
17. Bhattacharyya, P.N.; Jha, D.K. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Emergence in agriculture. Wood J. Microb. Biotechnol. 2012, 28, 1327-1350.
18. Kloepper, J.W.; Schroth, M.N. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on radishes. In Station de Pathologie, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, Tours, France, 27 August-2 September 1978; Végétale et Phyto-Bactériologie, Ed.; pp. 879-882.
19. Kloepper, J.W.; Leong, J.; Teintze, M.; Schroth, M.N. Enhanced plant growth by siderophores produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Nature 1980, 286, 885-886.
20. Son, J.S.; Sumayo, M.; Hwang, Y.J.; Kim, B.S.; Ghim, S.Y. Screening of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as elicitor of systemic resistance against grey leaf spot dieses in pepper. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2014, 73, 1-8.
21. Gray, E.J.; Smith, D.L. Intracellular and extracellular PGPR: Commonalities and distinctions in the plant-bacterium signaling processes. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2005, 37, 395-412.
22. Egamberdieva, D.; Lugtenberg, B. Use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria to Alleviate Salinity Stress in Plants. In Use of Microbes for the Alleviation of Soil Stresses; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2014; Volume 1, pp. 73-96.
23. García-Fraile, P.; Menéndez, E.; Rivas, R. Role of bacterial biofertilizers in agriculture and forestry. AIMS Bioeng. 2015, 2, 183-205.
24. Nadeem, S.M.; Zahir, Z.A.; Naveed, M.; Ashraf, M. Microbial ACC-deaminase; prospects and applications for inducing salt tolerance in plants. Crit. Rev Plant Sci. 2010, 29, 360-393.
25. Pishchik, V.N.; Vorobyev, N.J.; Chernyaeva, L.I.; Timofeeva, S.V.; Kazhemyakov, A.P.; Alexeev, Y.V. Experimental and mathematical simulation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and plant interaction under cadmium stress. Plant Soil 2002, 243, 173-186.
26. Nautiyal, C.S.; Govindarajan, R.; Lavania, M.; Pushpangadan, P. Novel mechanisms of modulating natural antioxidants in functional foods: Involvement of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria NRRL B-30488. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 4474-4481.
27. Reinhold-Hurek, B.; Hurek, T. Interactions of gramineous plants with Azoarcus spp. and other diazotrophs: Identification, localization, and perspectives to study their function. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 1998, 17, 29-54.
28. Aloni, R.; Aloni, E.; Langhans, M. Role of cytokinin and auxin in shaping root architecture: Regulating vascular differentiation, lateral root initiation, root apical dominance and root gravitropism. Ann. Bot. 2006, 97, 883-893.
29. Sabry, S.R.S.; Saleh, S.A.; Batchelor, C.A. Endophytic establishment of Azorhizobium caulinodans in wheat. Proc. Biol. Sci. 1997, 264, 341-346.
30. De Felipe, M.R. Fijación biológica de dinitrógeno atmosférico en vida libre. In Fijación de Nitrógeno: Fundamentos y Aplicaciones. Granada: Sociedad Española de Microbiología; Bedmar, E., Gonzálo, J., Lluch, C., et al., Eds.; Sociedad Española de Fijación de Nitrógeno: Granada, Spain, 2006; pp. 9-16.
31. Tejera, N.; Lluch, C.; Martínez-Toledo, M.V. Isolation and characterization of Azotobacter and Azospirillum strains from the sugarcane rhizosphere. Plant Soil 2005, 270, 223-232.
32. Sahoo, R.K.; Ansari, M.W.; Pradhan, M. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of native Azospirillum strains from rice fields to improve crop productivity. Protoplasma 2014, 251, 943-953.
33. Berg, R.H.; Tyler, M.E.; Novick, N.J. Biology of Azospirillum-sugarcane association: Enhancement of nitrogenase activity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1980, 39, 642-649.
34. Wani, S.A.; Chand, S.; Ali, T. Potential Use of Azotobacter Chroococcum in Crop Production: An Overview. Curr. Agric. Res. J. 2013, 1, 35-38.
35. Ahmed, A.; Hasnain, S. Auxin producing Bacillus sp.: Auxin quantification and effect on the growth Solanum tuberosum. Pure Appl. Chem. 2010, 82, 313-319.
36. Sokolova, M.G.; Akimova, G.P.; Vaishlia, O.B. Effect of phytohormones synthesized by rhizosphere bacteria on plants. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2011, 47, 302-307.
37. Joo, G.J.; Kim, Y.M.; Kim, J.T. Gibberellins-producing rhizobacteria increase endogenous gibberellins content and promote growth of red peppers. J. Microbiol. 2005, 43, 510-515.
38. Han, H.S.; Lee, K.D. Phosphate and Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria Effect on Mineral Uptake, Soil Availability and Growth of Eggplant. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 2005, 1, 176-180.
39. Han, H.S.; Supanjani, S.; Lee, K.D. Effect of co-inoculation with phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant Soil Environ. 2006, 52, 130-136.
40. Egamberdiyeva, D. The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of maize in two different soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2007, 36, 184-189.
41. El-Akhal, M.R.; Rincon, A.; Coba de la Peña, T.; Lucas, M.M.; El Mourabit, N.; Barrijal, S.; Pueyo, J.J. Effects of salt stress and rhizobial inoculation on growth and nitrogen fixation of three peanut cultivars. Plant Biol. 2013, 15, 415-421.
42. Silo-Suh, L.A.; Lethbridge, B.J.; Raffel, S.J. Biological activities of two fungistatic antibiotics produced by Bacillus cereus UW85. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994, 60, 2023-2030.
43. Beneduzi, A.; Ambrosini, A.; Passaglia, L.M. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Their potential as antagonists and biocontrol agents. Genet. Mol. Biol. 2012, 35, 1044-1051.
44. Dobereiner, J. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Beijerinckia Derx in the rhizosphere of sugar cane. Plant Soil 1961, 15, 211-216.
45. Govindarajan, M.; Balandreau, J.; Kwon, S.W. Effects of the inoculation of Burkholderia vietnamensis and related endophytic diazotrophic bacteria on grain yield of rice. Microb. Ecol. 2007, 55, 21-37.
46. Kao, C.M.; Chen, S.C.; Chen, Y.S. Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in rice fields with PCR-based technique. Folia Microbiol. 2003, 48, 521-524.
47. Radzki, W.; Gutierrez Manero, F.J.; Algar, E. Bacterial siderophores efficiently provide iron to iron-starved tomato plants in hydroponics culture. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2013, 104, 321-330.
48. Simonet, P.; Normand, P.; Moiroud, A. Identification of Frankia strains in nodules by hybridization of polymerase chain reaction products with strain-specific oligonucleotide probes. Arch. Microb. 1990, 153, 235-240.
49. Muñoz-Rojas, J.; Caballero-Mellado, J. Population dynamics of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in sugarcane cultivars and its effect on plant growth. Microb. Ecol. 2003, 46, 454-464.
50. Elbeltagy, A.; Nishioka, K.; Sato, T. Endophytic colonization and in planta nitrogen fixation by a Herbaspirillum sp. isolated from wild rice species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2001, 67, 5285-5293.
51. Bent, E.; Tuzun, S.; Chanway, C.P. Alterations in plant growth and in root hormone levels of lodgepole pines inoculated with rhizobacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 2001, 47, 793-800.
52. Sangeeth, K.P.; Bhai, R.S.; Srinivasan, V. Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, a promising potassium solubilizing bacterium isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) rhizosphere. J. Spices Aromat. Crops 2012, 21, 118-124.
53. Flores-Felix, J.D.; Silva, L.R.; Rivera, L.P. Plants probiotics as a tool to produce highly functional fruits: The case of Phyllobacterium and vitamin C in strawberries. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0122281.
54. Arora, N.K.; Khare, E.; Oh, J.H. Diverse mechanisms adopted by Pseudomonas fluorescent PGC2 during the inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008, 24, 581-585.
55. Ahmad, M.; Zahir, Z.A.; Khalid, M. Efficacy of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas strains to improve physiology, ionic balance and quality of mung bean under salt-affected conditions on farmer's fields. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2013, 63, 170-176.
56. Shaharoona, B.; Naveed, M.; Arshad, M. Fertilizer-dependent efficiency of Pseudomonas for improving growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008, 79, 147-155.
57. Yao, L.; Wu, Z.; Zheng, Y. Growth promotion and protection against salt stress by Pseudomonas putida Rs-198 on cotton. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 2010, 46, 49-54.
58. Mazzola, M.; Fujimoto, D.K.; Thomashow, L.S. Variation in Sensitivity of Gaeumannomyces graminis to Antibiotics Produced by Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and Effect on Biological Control of Take-All of Wheat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1995, 61, 2554-2559.
59. Kumar, H.; Bajpai, V.K.; Dubey, R.C. Wilt disease management and enhancement of growth and yield of Cajanus cajan (L) var. Manak by bacterial combinations amended with chemical fertilizer. Crop Protect. 2010, 29, 591-598.
60. Young, J.P.W.; Haukka, K.E. Diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia. New Phytol. 1996, 133, 87-94.
61. Thamer, S.; Schädler, M.; Bonte, D. Dual benefit from a belowground symbiosis: Nitrogen fixing rhizobia promote growth and defense against a specialist herbivore in a cyanogenic plant. Plant Soil 2011, 341, 209-219.
62. Yanni, Y.; Rizk, R.; Abd-El Fattah, F. The beneficial plant growth-promoting association of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii with rice roots. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 2001, 28, 845-870.
63. Garcia-Fraile, P.; Carro, L.; Robledo, M. Rhizobium promotes non-legumes growth and quality in several production steps: Towards a biofertilization of edible raw vegetables healthy for humans. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e38122.
64. Flores-Felix, J.D.; Menendez, E.; Rivera, L.P. Use of Rhizobium leguminosarum as a otential biofertilizer for Lactuca sativa and Daucus carota crops. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2013, 176, 876-882.
65. Khan, A.L.; Waqas, M.; Kang, S.M. Bacterial endophyte Sphingomonas sp. LK11 produces gibberellins and IAA and promotes tomato plant growth. J. Microbiol. 2014, 52, 689-695.
66. Verma, V.C.; Singh, S.K.; Prakash, S. Bio-control and plant growth promotion potential of siderophore producing endophytic Streptomyces from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. J. Basic Microb. 2011, 51, 550-556.
67. Naveed, M.; Hussain, M.B.; Zahir, Z.A.; Mitter, B.; Sessitsch, A. Drought stress amelioration in wheat through inoculation with Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN. Plant Growth Regul. 2014, 73, 121-131.
68. Sarma, R.K.; Saikia, R.R. Alleviation of drought stress in mung bean by strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa GGRK21. Plant Soils 2014, 377, 111-126.
69. Marulanda, A.; Azcón, R.; Chaumont, F.; Ruiz-Lozano, J.M.; Aroca, R. Regulation of plasma membrane aquaporins by inoculation with a Bacillus megaterium strain in maize (Zea mays L.) plants under unstressed and salt-stressed conditions. Planta 2010, 232, 533-543.
70. Gond, S.K.; Bergen, M.S.; Torres, M.S.; White, J.F.; Kharwar, R.N. Effect of bacterial endophyte on expression of defense genes in Indian popcorn against Fusarium moniliforme. Symbiobosis 2015.
71. Gonzalez, A.J.; Larraburu, E.E.; Llorente, B.E. Azospirillum brasilense increased salt tolerance of jojoba during in vitro rooting. Ind. Crop Prod. 2015, 76, 41-48.
72. Gabriela, F.; Casanovas, E.M.; Quillehauquy, V.; Yommi, A.K.; Goni, M.G.; Roura, S.I.; Barassi, C.A. Azospirillum inoculation effects on growth, product quality and storage life of lettuce plants grown under salt stress. Sci. Hortic. 2015, 195, 154-162.
73. Lloret, L.; Martinez-Romero, E. Evolution and phylogeny of rhizobia. Rev. Latinoam. Microbiol. 2005, 47, 43-60.
74. Raymond, J.; Siefert, J.L.; Staples, C.R. The natural history of nitrogen fixation. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2004, 21, 541-554.
75. Wani, P.A.; Khan, M.S.; Zaidi, A. Synergistic effect of the inoculation with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria on performance of field-grown chickpea. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2007, 170, 283-287.
76. Goswami, D.; Pithwa, S.; Dhandhukia, P.; Thakker, J.N. Delineating Kocuria turfanensis 2M4 as a credible PGPR: A novel IAA producing bacteria isolated from saline desert. J. Plant Interact. 2014, 9, 566-576.
77. Lavakush, Y.J.; Verma, J.P.; Jaiswal, D.K.; Kumar, A. Evaluation of PGPR and different concentration of phosphorous level on plant growth, yield and nutrient content of rice (Oryza sativa). Ecol. Eng. 2014, 62, 123-128.
78. Lugtenberg, B.J.; Chin A-Woeng, T.F.; Bloemberg, G.V. Microbeeplant interactions: Principles and mechanisms. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2002, 81, 373-383.
79. Somers, E.; Vanderleyden, J.; Srinivasan, M. Rhizosphere bacterial signalling: A love parade beneath our feet. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 2004, 30, 205-240.
80. Tanimoto, E. Regulation and root growth by plant hormones-roles for auxins and gibberellins. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 2005, 24, 249-265.
81. Hayat, R.; Ali, S.; Amara, U. Soil beneficial bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion: A review. Ann. Microbiol. 2010, 60, 579-598.
82. Spaepen, S.; Vanderleyden, J.; Remans, R. Indole-3-acetic acid in microbial and microorganism-plant signaling. In FEMS Microbiology Reviews; Unden, F., Ed.; Blackwell Publishing Ltd.: New York, NY, USA, 2007; pp. 425-448.
83. Vacheron, J.; Desbrosses, G.; Bouffaud, M.-L.; Touraine, B.; Moënne-Loccoz, Y.; Muller, D. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and root system functioning. Front. Plant Sci. 2013, 4.
84. Bottini, R.; Cassan, F.; Piccoli, P. Gibberellin production by bacteria and its involvement in plant growth promotion and yield increase. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2004, 65, 497-503.
85. Spaepen, S.; Vanderleyden, J. Auxin and plant-microbe interactions. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol. 2011, 3.
86. Riefler, M.; Novak, O.; Strnad, M.; Schm€ulling, T. Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor mutants reveal functions in shoot growth, leaf senescence, seed size, germination, rootdevelopment, and cytokinin metabolism. Plant Cell 2006, 18, 40-54.
87. Liu, F.; Xing, S.; Ma, H. Cytokinin-producing, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that confer resistance to drought stress in Platycladus orientalis container seedlings. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2013, 97, 9155-9164.
88. Reid, M.S. The role of ethylene in flower senescene. Acta Hortic. 1981, 261, 157-169.
89. Li, Q.; Saleh-Lakha, S.; Glick, B.R. The effect of native and ACC deaminasecontaining Azospirillum brasilense Cdl843 on the rooting of carnation cuttings. Can. J. Microbiol. 2005, 51, 511-514.
90. Glick, B.R. Plant growth promoting bacteria: Mechanisms and applications. Scientifica 2012, 2012.
91. Jackson, M.B. Ethylene in root growth and development. In The Plant Hormone Ethylene; Matoo, A.K., Suttle, J.C., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 1991; pp. 159-181.
92. Glick, B.R. Bacteria with ACC deaminase can promote plant growth and help to feed the world. Microbiol. Res. 2014, 169, 30-39.
93. Davies, P., Ed.; Plant Hormones: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Springer Science & Business Media: New York, NY, USA, 2013.
94. Porcel, R.; Zamarreño, Á.M.; García-Mina, J.M.; Aroca, R. Involvement of plant endogenous ABA in Bacillusmegaterium PGPR activity in tomato plants. BMC Plant Biol. 2014, 14, 36.
95. Kende, H.; Zeevaart, J. The Five "Classical" Plant Hormones. Plant Cell 1997, 9, 1197-1210.
96. Taiz, L.; Zeiger, E. Photosynthesis: Physiological and ecological considerations. Plant Physiol. 2002, 9, 172-174.
97. Ryu, C.M.; Farag, M.A.; Hu, C.H.; Reddy, M.S.; Wei, H.X.; Paré, P.W.; Kloepper, J.W. Bacterial volatiles promote growth in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100, 4927-4932.
98. Effmert, U.; Kalderás, J.; Warnke, R.; Piechulla, B. Volatilemediated interactions between bacteria and fungi in the soil. J. Chem. Ecol. 2012, 38, 665-703.
99. Kanchiswamy, C.N.; Malnoy, M.; Maffei, M.E. Chemical diversity of microbial volatiles and their potential for plant growth and productivity. Front. Plant Sci. 2015, 6, 151.
100. Bakker, A.W.; Schippers, P. Microbial cyanide production in the rhizosphere in relation to potato yield reduction and Pseudomonas spp.-mediated plant growth-stimulation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1987, 19, 451-457.
101. Xie, H.; Pasternak, J.J.; Glick, B.R. Isolation and characterization of mutants of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida CR12-2 that overproduce indoleacetic acid. Curr. Microbiol 1996, 32, 67-71.
102. Vijayan, R.; Palaniappan, P.; Tongmin, S.A.; Padmanaban, E.; Natesan, M. Rhizobitoxine enhances nodulation by inhibiting Ethylene synthesis of Bradyrhizobium elkanii from Lespedeza species: Validation by homology modeling and molecular docking study. World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2013, 2, 4079-4094.
103. Xiong, K.; Fuhrmann, J.J. Comparison of rhizobitoxine-induced inhibition of β-cystathionase from different bradyrhizobia and soybean genotypes. Plant Soil 1996, 186, 53-61.
104. Vessey, J.K. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant Soil 2003, 255, 571-586.
105. Mishra, D.; Rajvir, S.; Mishra, U.; Kumar, S.S. Role of bio-fertilizer in organic agriculture: A review. Res. J. Recent Sci. 2013, 2, 39-41.
106. Malusá, E.; Vassilev, N. A contribution to set a legal framework for biofertilisers. Appl. Microbial. Biotechnol. 2014, 98, 6599-6607.
107. Jeffries, P.; Gianinazzi, S.; Perotto, S.; Turnau, K.; Barea, J.M. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility. Biol. Fertile. Soils 2003, 37, 1-16.
108. Podile, A.R.; Kishore, G.K. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. In Plant-Associated Bacteria; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2006; pp. 195-230.
109. Franche, C.; Lindström, K.; Elmerich, C. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with leguminous and non-leguminous plants. Plant Soil 2009, 321, 35-59.
110. Khalid, A.; Arshad, M.; Shaharoona, B.; Mahmood, T. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and sustainable agriculture. In Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2009; pp. 133-160.
111. Chen, L.H.; Tang, X.M.; Raze, W.; Li, J.H.; Liu, Y.X.; Qiu, M.H.; Zhang, F.G.; Shen, Q.R. Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 rapidly degrades allelochemicals in rhizospheres continuously cropped cucumbers. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2011, 89, 1653-1663.
112. Gong, M.; Wang, J.D.; Zhang, J.; Yang, H. Study of the antifungal ability of Bacillus subtilis strain PY-1 in vitro and identification of its antifungal substance (Iturin A). Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 2006, 38, 233-240.
113. Leonardo, D.; Blanca, L.F.; Landa, B.; Weller, D.M. Host crop affects rhizosphere colonization and competitiveness of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluoresens. Phytopathology 2006, 96, 751-762.
114. Francis, I.; Holsters, M.; Vereecke, D. The gram-positive side of plant-microbe interaction. Environ. Microbial. 2010, 12, 1-12.
115. Perez-Garcia, A.; Romero, D.; de Vicente, A. Plant protection and growth simulation by microorganism: Biotechnological applications of Bacillus in agriculture. Curr. Open. Biotechnol. 2011, 22, 187-193.
116. Waddington, S.R. Organic matter management: From science to practice. Soil Fertil. 1998, 62, 24-25.
117. Yang, X.; Chen, L.; Yong, X.; Shen, Q. Formulations can affect rhizosphere colonization and biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 againts Fusartium wilt of cucumbers. NBiol. Fertil. Soils 2011, 47, 239-248.
118. 2 nanoparticle using Aspergillus tubingensis. Adv. Sci. Eng. Med. 2013, 5, 943-949.
119. Liu, X.M.; Feng, Z.B.; Zhang, F.D.; Zhang, S.Q.; He, X.S. Preparation and testing of cementing and coating nano-subnanocomposites of slow/controlled-release fertilizer. Agric. Sci. China 2006, 5, 700-706.
120. Suman, P.R.; Jain, V.K.; VArman, A. Role of nanomaterilas in symbiotic fungus growth enhancement. Curr. Sci. 2010, 99, 1189-1191.