Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal medicines commonly used in Ghana

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Volumn 202, Issue , 2017, Pages 154-161

  Letsyo, Emmanuel ^a   Jerz, Gerold ^a   Winterhalter, Peter ^a   Beuerle, Till ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BRAUNSCHWEIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Food safety; Ghana; Herbal medicine; HPLC ESI MS MS; Pyrrolizidine alkaloid

Indexed keywords

HERBACEOUS AGENT; PLANT EXTRACT; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG INTOXICATION; ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY; GHANA; GYMNANTHEMUM AMYGDALINUM; HEALTH HAZARD; HERBAL MEDICINE; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; CHEMISTRY; MEDICINAL PLANT; POLLEN; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAFETY;

CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; GHANA; HERBAL MEDICINE; PLANT PREPARATIONS; PLANTS, MEDICINAL; POLLEN; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAFETY; SPECTROMETRY, MASS, ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY;

EID: 85015356933     PISSN: 03788741     EISSN: 18727573     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.008     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. [BfR] Bundesamt für Risikobewertung/Federal Institute of Risk Assessment, 2011 [BfR] Bundesamt für Risikobewertung/Federal Institute of Risk Assessment, 2011. Chemical analysis and toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and assessment of the health risks posed by their occurrence in honey. BfR Opinion No. 038/2011. Berlin, Germany. http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/chemical-analysis-and-toxicity-of-pyrrolizidine-alkaloids-and-assessment-of-the-health-risks-posed-by-their-occurence-in-honey.pdf. The full version of this BfR Opinion is available in German on 〈http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/343/analytik-und-toxizitaet-von-pyrrolizidinalkaloiden.pdf〉. Accessed 06 March 2017.
2. [BfR] Bundesamt für Risikobewertung/Federal Institute of Risk Assessment, 2013 [BfR] Bundesamt für Risikobewertung/Federal Institute of Risk Assessment, Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in honey by SPE-LC-MS/MS. Method Protoc., 2013 (BfR-PA-Honey-1.0/2013) 〈http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/determination-of-pyrrolizidine-alkaloids-pa-in-honey.pdf〉.
3. [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority, 2011 [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority, EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM); Scientific opinion on pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed. EFSA J., 9(11), 2011, 134 (2406) 〈www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal〉.
4. [EMA] European Medicines Agency, 2016 [EMA] European Medicines Agency, Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Public statement on contamination of herbal medicinal products/traditional herbal medicinal products with pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Transit. Recomm. risk Manag. Qual. Control, 2016 (http://www.ehtpa.eu/ pdf/ PA%20Public%20Statement%20HMPC%202016.pdf )Accessed 06 March 2017.
5. [IPCS] International Programme on Chemical Safety, 1989 [IPCS] International Programme on Chemical Safety, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Health and safety guide. (Health and Safety Guide No. 26), 1989, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
6. [WHO] World Health Organization, 2000 [WHO] World Health Organization, General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine. 2000, WHO, Geneva (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq /2000/WHO/EDM/TRM/2000.1.pdf) Accessed 6 March 17.
7. [WIPO] World Intellectual Property Organization, 2014 [WIPO] World Intellectual Property Organization, 2014. Country study on innovation, intellectual property and the informal economy: traditional herbal medicine in Ghana. CDIP/13/INF/2: Geneva. 〈http://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/en/cdip13/cdip13inf2.pdf〉 Accessed 06 March 2017.
8. Ampofo, J.A., Andoh, A., Tetteh, W., Bello, M., Microbiological profile of some Ghanaian herbal preparations ‒ safety issues and implications for the health professions. Open J. Med. Microbiol. 2 (2012), 121–130.
9. Anim, A.K., Laar, C., Osei, J., Odonkor, S., Enti-Brown, S., Trace metals quality of some herbal medicines sold in Accra, Ghana. Proc. Int. Acad. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 2 (2012), 111–117.
10. Aschwanden, C., Herbs for health, but how safe are they?. Bull. World Health Organ. 79 (2001), 691–692.
11. Avula, B., Sagi, S., Wang, Y.-H., Zweigenbaum, J., Wang, M., Khan, I.A., Characterization and screening of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides from botanicals and dietary supplements using UHPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 178 (2015), 136–148.
12. Burkill, H.M., The useful plants of west tropical Africa. 3rd ed. Kew: R. Bot. Gard., 2000.
13. Chen, Z., Huo, J.R., Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal preparations. Neth. J. Med. 68 (2010), 252–260.
14. Cramer, L., Beuerle, T., Detection and quantification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in antibacterial medical honeys. Planta Med. 78 (2012), 1976–1982.
15. Cramer, L., Schiebel, H.M., Ernst, L., Beuerle, T., Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the food chain: development, validation, and application of a new HPLC-ESI-MS/MS sum parameter method. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61 (2013), 11382–11391.
16. Dewick, P.M., (Chichester-New York) Medicinal Natural Products. A Biosynthetic Approach, 2nd ed., 2002, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
17. Dharmananda, S., Safety Issues Affecting Herbs: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. 2001, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon 〈http://www.itmonline.org/arts/pas.htm〉 Accessed 06 March 2017.
18. Dharmananda, S., Lycium fruit. Food and Medicine. 2007, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon 〈http://www.itmonline.org/arts/lycium.htm〉 Accessed 06 March 2017.
19. Dübecke, A., Beckh, G., Lüllmann, C., Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey and bee pollen. Food Addit. Contam. Part A 28 (2011), 348–358.
20. Grubben, G.J.H., Denton, O.A., (eds.) Plant resources of tropical Africa 2: Vegetables, 2004, PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands/Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands/CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands, 544.
21. Kempf, M., Beuerle, T., Bühringer, M., Denner, M., Trost, D., von der Ohe, K., Schreier, P., Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey: risk analysis by gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 52 (2008), 1193–1200.
22. Kempf, M., Wittig, M., Schönfeld, K., Cramer, L., Schreier, P., Beuerle, T., Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food: downstream contamination in the food chain caused by honey and pollen. Food Addit. Contam. Part A 28 (2011), 325–331.
23. Komlaga, G., Agyare, C., Dickson, R.A., Mensah, M.L.K., Annan, K., Loiseau, P.M., Champy, P., Medicinal plants and finished marketed herbal products used in the treatment of malaria in the Ashanti region, Ghana. J. Ethnopharmacol. 172 (2015), 333–346.
24. Kone, W.M., Kande, B., Qualitative analysis of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids from 11 Asteraceae and Boraginaceae used in traditional medicine in Cote d′ Ivoire. Res. J. Phytochem. 6 (2012), 75–83.
25. Lawal, O.A., Banjo, A.D., Survey for the usage of arthropods in traditional medicine in Southwest Nigeria. J. Entomol. 4 (2007), 104–112.
26. Letsyo, E., Jerz, G., Winterhalter, P., Horn, G., Beuerle, T., Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: an alternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil. Phytochem Anal. 27 (2016), 133–139.
27. Louveaux, J., Maurizio, A., Vorwohl, G., Internationale Kommission für Bienenbotanik der I.U.B.S. Method. der Meliss. Apidologie 1 (1970), 193–209.
28. Mädge, I., Cramer, L., Rahaus, I., Jerz, G., Winterhalter, P., Beuerle, T., Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal teas for infants, pregnant or lactating women. Food Chem. 187 (2015), 491–498.
29. Ober, D., Hartmann, T., Homospermidine synthase, the first pathway-specific enzyme of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, evolved from deoxyhypusine synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 (1999), 14777–14782.
30. Okoli, R.I., Aigbe, O., Ohaju-Obodo, J.O., Mensah, J.K., Medicinal herbs used for managing some common ailments among Esan people of Edo State, Nigeria. PJN 6 (2007), 490–496.
31. Okunade, A.L., Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae). Fitoterapia 73 (2002), 1–16.
32. Röder, E., Medicinal plants in Europe containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Pharmazie 50 (1995), 83–98.
33. Röder, E., Wiedenfeld, H., Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants of Mongolia, Nepal and Tibet: review. Pharmazie 64 (2009), 699–716.
34. Singh, J.P., Pandey, D.P., Pandey, M.B., Singh, A., Singh, R., Alkaloids of Heliotropium indicum. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 82 (2005), 175–176.
35. Steenkamp, V., Stewart, M.J., Zuckerman, M., Clinical and analytical aspects of pyrrolizidine poisoning caused by South African traditional medicines. Ther. Drug Monit. 22 (2000), 302–306.
36. Stickel, F., Patsenker, E., Schuppan, D., Herbal hepatotoxicity. J. Hepatol. 43 (2005), 901–910.