메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 124, Issue , 2017, Pages 79-88

Porosity development and reactivity changes of coal–biomass blends during co-pyrolysis at various temperatures

Author keywords

Biomass; Co pyrolysis; Coal; Porosity; Surface area; Thermal reactivity

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; BOILER FIRING; COAL; COAL COMBUSTION; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; FLUIDIZATION; FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION; FLUIDIZED BEDS; FUELS; PACKED BEDS; POROSITY; PYROLYSIS;

EID: 85015286865     PISSN: 01652370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2017.02.018     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 16344373421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass-coal co-combustion: opportunity for affordable renewable energy
    • [1] Baxter, L., Biomass-coal co-combustion: opportunity for affordable renewable energy. Fuel 84:10 (2005), 1295–1302.
    • (2005) Fuel , vol.84 , Issue.10 , pp. 1295-1302
    • Baxter, L.1
  • 2
    • 57149140943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermogravimetric studies of the behavior of wheat straw with added coal during combustion
    • [2] Wang, C., Wang, F., Yang, Q., Liang, R., Thermogravimetric studies of the behavior of wheat straw with added coal during combustion. Biomass Bioenergy 33:1 (2009), 50–56.
    • (2009) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-56
    • Wang, C.1    Wang, F.2    Yang, Q.3    Liang, R.4
  • 3
    • 0036567824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Devolatilization rate of biomasses and coal–biomass blends: an experimental investigation
    • [3] Biagini, E., Lippi, F., Petarca, L., Tognotti, L., Devolatilization rate of biomasses and coal–biomass blends: an experimental investigation. Fuel 81:8 (2002), 1041–1050.
    • (2002) Fuel , vol.81 , Issue.8 , pp. 1041-1050
    • Biagini, E.1    Lippi, F.2    Petarca, L.3    Tognotti, L.4
  • 4
    • 34548435738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x precursors
    • [4] De Jong, W., Di Nola, G., Venneker, B.C.H., Spliethoff, H., Wójtowicz, M.A., TG-FTIR pyrolysis of coal and secondary biomass fuels: determination of pyrolysis kinetic parameters for main species and NOx precursors. Fuel 86:15 (2007), 2367–2376.
    • (2007) Fuel , vol.86 , Issue.15 , pp. 2367-2376
    • De Jong, W.1    Di Nola, G.2    Venneker, B.C.H.3    Spliethoff, H.4    Wójtowicz, M.A.5
  • 6
    • 0042925666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of biomass residuals mixtures with lignite
    • [6] Vamvuka, D., Kakaras, E., Kastanaki, E., Grammelis, P., Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of biomass residuals mixtures with lignite. Fuel 82:15 (2003), 1949–1960.
    • (2003) Fuel , vol.82 , Issue.15 , pp. 1949-1960
    • Vamvuka, D.1    Kakaras, E.2    Kastanaki, E.3    Grammelis, P.4
  • 9
    • 84861190374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling approaches to predict biomass co-firing with pulverized coal
    • [9] Belošević, S., Modeling approaches to predict biomass co-firing with pulverized coal. Open Thermodyn. J. 4 (2010), 50–70.
    • (2010) Open Thermodyn. J. , vol.4 , pp. 50-70
    • Belošević, S.1
  • 12
    • 34248228073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and co-pyrolysis with an Argentinean subbituminous coal
    • [12] Bonelli, P.R., Buonomo, E.L., Cukierman, A.L., Pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and co-pyrolysis with an Argentinean subbituminous coal. Energy Sources, Part A 29:8 (2007), 731–740.
    • (2007) Energy Sources, Part A , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 731-740
    • Bonelli, P.R.1    Buonomo, E.L.2    Cukierman, A.L.3
  • 13
    • 84912139669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-combustion of brewer's spent grains and Illinois No. 6 coal: impact of blend ratio on pyrolysis and oxidation behavior
    • [13] Celaya, A.M., Lade, A.T., Goldfarb, J.L., Co-combustion of brewer's spent grains and Illinois No. 6 coal: impact of blend ratio on pyrolysis and oxidation behavior. Fuel Process. Technol. 129 (2015), 39–51.
    • (2015) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.129 , pp. 39-51
    • Celaya, A.M.1    Lade, A.T.2    Goldfarb, J.L.3
  • 14
    • 84903381125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-pyrolysis reaction rates and activation energies of West Virginia coal and cherry pit blends
    • [14] Yangali, P., Celaya, A.M., Goldfarb, J.L., Co-pyrolysis reaction rates and activation energies of West Virginia coal and cherry pit blends. J. Analyt. Appl. Pyrol. 108 (2014), 203–211.
    • (2014) J. Analyt. Appl. Pyrol. , vol.108 , pp. 203-211
    • Yangali, P.1    Celaya, A.M.2    Goldfarb, J.L.3
  • 15
    • 70349180347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical approach for modelling and control of biomass pyrolysis pilot plant with heat recovery from combustion of pyrolysis products
    • [15] Abbassi, M.A., Grioui, N., Halouani, K., Zoulalian, A., Zeghmati, B., A practical approach for modelling and control of biomass pyrolysis pilot plant with heat recovery from combustion of pyrolysis products. Fuel Process. Technol. 90:10 (2009), 1278–1285.
    • (2009) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.90 , Issue.10 , pp. 1278-1285
    • Abbassi, M.A.1    Grioui, N.2    Halouani, K.3    Zoulalian, A.4    Zeghmati, B.5
  • 16
    • 0034307037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical model for packed-bed combustion of char particles
    • [16] Cooper, J., Hallett, W.L.H., A numerical model for packed-bed combustion of char particles. Chem. Eng. Sci. 55:20 (2000), 4451–4460.
    • (2000) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.55 , Issue.20 , pp. 4451-4460
    • Cooper, J.1    Hallett, W.L.H.2
  • 17
    • 84868225167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of co-firing coal and biomass in circulating fluidized beds
    • [17] Gungor, A., Simulation of co-firing coal and biomass in circulating fluidized beds. Energy Convers. Manage. 65 (2013), 574–579.
    • (2013) Energy Convers. Manage. , vol.65 , pp. 574-579
    • Gungor, A.1
  • 18
    • 10844247876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modeling of straw combustion in a fixed bed
    • [18] Zhou, H., Jensen, A.D., Glarborg, P., Jensen, P.A., Kavaliauskas, A., Numerical modeling of straw combustion in a fixed bed. Fuel 84:4 (2005), 389–403.
    • (2005) Fuel , vol.84 , Issue.4 , pp. 389-403
    • Zhou, H.1    Jensen, A.D.2    Glarborg, P.3    Jensen, P.A.4    Kavaliauskas, A.5
  • 19
    • 0034004329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combustion of simulated waste particles in a fixed bed
    • [19] Shin, D., Choi, S., The combustion of simulated waste particles in a fixed bed. Combust. Flame 121:1 (2000), 167–180.
    • (2000) Combust. Flame , vol.121 , Issue.1 , pp. 167-180
    • Shin, D.1    Choi, S.2
  • 20
    • 34547850228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of fragmentation models for solid fuel combustion and gasification as subroutines for inclusion in CFD codes
    • [20] Syred, N., Kurniawan, K., Griffiths, T., Gralton, T., Ray, R., Development of fragmentation models for solid fuel combustion and gasification as subroutines for inclusion in CFD codes. Fuel 86:14 (2007), 2221–2231.
    • (2007) Fuel , vol.86 , Issue.14 , pp. 2221-2231
    • Syred, N.1    Kurniawan, K.2    Griffiths, T.3    Gralton, T.4    Ray, R.5
  • 21
    • 32444442147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substoichiometric conversion of biomass and solid wastes to energy in packed beds
    • [21] Yang, Y.B., Sharifi, V.N., Swithenbank, J., Substoichiometric conversion of biomass and solid wastes to energy in packed beds. AIChE J. 52:2 (2006), 809–817.
    • (2006) AIChE J. , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 809-817
    • Yang, Y.B.1    Sharifi, V.N.2    Swithenbank, J.3
  • 22
    • 79952900562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CFD modelling of bed shrinkage and channelling in fixed-bed combustion
    • [22] Hermansson, S., Thunman, H., CFD modelling of bed shrinkage and channelling in fixed-bed combustion. Combust. Flame 158:5 (2011), 988–999.
    • (2011) Combust. Flame , vol.158 , Issue.5 , pp. 988-999
    • Hermansson, S.1    Thunman, H.2
  • 24
    • 18844395895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaction-diffusion model of TGA gasification experiments for estimating diffusional effects
    • [24] Gómez-Barea, A., Ollero, P., Arjona, R., Reaction-diffusion model of TGA gasification experiments for estimating diffusional effects. Fuel 84:12 (2005), 1695–1704.
    • (2005) Fuel , vol.84 , Issue.12 , pp. 1695-1704
    • Gómez-Barea, A.1    Ollero, P.2    Arjona, R.3
  • 25
    • 54149112128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of char from rapid pyrolysis of rice husk
    • [25] Hu, S., Xiang, J., Sun, L., Xu, M., Qiu, J., Fu, P., Characterization of char from rapid pyrolysis of rice husk. Fuel Process. Technol. 89:11 (2008), 1096–1105.
    • (2008) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.89 , Issue.11 , pp. 1096-1105
    • Hu, S.1    Xiang, J.2    Sun, L.3    Xu, M.4    Qiu, J.5    Fu, P.6
  • 26
    • 79251648836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pore-scale modeling of competitive adsorption in porous media
    • [26] Ryan, E.M., Tartakovsky, A.M., Amon, C., Pore-scale modeling of competitive adsorption in porous media. J. Contam. Hydrol. 120 (2011), 56–78.
    • (2011) J. Contam. Hydrol. , vol.120 , pp. 56-78
    • Ryan, E.M.1    Tartakovsky, A.M.2    Amon, C.3
  • 27
    • 84928248310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibration of computational models with categorical parameters and correlated outputs via Bayesian smoothing spline ANOVA
    • [27] Storlie, C.B., Lane, W.A., Ryan, E.M., Gattiker, J.R., Higdon, D.M., Calibration of computational models with categorical parameters and correlated outputs via Bayesian smoothing spline ANOVA. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 110:509 (2015), 68–82.
    • (2015) J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , vol.110 , Issue.509 , pp. 68-82
    • Storlie, C.B.1    Lane, W.A.2    Ryan, E.M.3    Gattiker, J.R.4    Higdon, D.M.5
  • 29
    • 79953818327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a numerical approach to model pyrolysis of biomass and assessment of kinetic data
    • [29] Peters, B., Validation of a numerical approach to model pyrolysis of biomass and assessment of kinetic data. Fuel 90:6 (2011), 2301–2314.
    • (2011) Fuel , vol.90 , Issue.6 , pp. 2301-2314
    • Peters, B.1
  • 30
    • 0030111566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat, momentum and mass transport through a shrinking biomass particle exposed to thermal radiation
    • [30] Di Blasi, C., Heat, momentum and mass transport through a shrinking biomass particle exposed to thermal radiation. Chem. Eng. Sci. 51:7 (1996), 1121–1132.
    • (1996) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.51 , Issue.7 , pp. 1121-1132
    • Di Blasi, C.1
  • 32
    • 34548501292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of CFD codes and advanced combustion models for quantitative burnout determination
    • [32] Pallarés, J., Arauzo, I., Williams, A., Integration of CFD codes and advanced combustion models for quantitative burnout determination. Fuel 86:15 (2007), 2283–2290.
    • (2007) Fuel , vol.86 , Issue.15 , pp. 2283-2290
    • Pallarés, J.1    Arauzo, I.2    Williams, A.3
  • 33
    • 84886829071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CFD modelling of thermal conversion and packed bed compaction in biomass combustion
    • [33] Gómez, M.A., Porteiro, J., Patiño, D., Miguez, J.L., CFD modelling of thermal conversion and packed bed compaction in biomass combustion. Fuel 117 (2014), 716–732.
    • (2014) Fuel , vol.117 , pp. 716-732
    • Gómez, M.A.1    Porteiro, J.2    Patiño, D.3    Miguez, J.L.4
  • 34
    • 0345337421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of combustion regimes in a packed bed of particles based on the relevant time and length scales
    • [34] Peters, B., Classification of combustion regimes in a packed bed of particles based on the relevant time and length scales. Combust. Flame 116:1 (1999), 297–301.
    • (1999) Combust. Flame , vol.116 , Issue.1 , pp. 297-301
    • Peters, B.1
  • 35
    • 0027597237 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous pyrolysis and char combustion
    • [35] Saastamoinen, J.J., Aho, M.J., Linna, V.L., Simultaneous pyrolysis and char combustion. Fuel 72:5 (1993), 599–609.
    • (1993) Fuel , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 599-609
    • Saastamoinen, J.J.1    Aho, M.J.2    Linna, V.L.3
  • 36
    • 0030201538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous drying and pyrolysis of solid fuel particles
    • [36] Saastamoinen, J., Richard, J.R., Simultaneous drying and pyrolysis of solid fuel particles. Combust. Flame 106:3 (1996), 288–300.
    • (1996) Combust. Flame , vol.106 , Issue.3 , pp. 288-300
    • Saastamoinen, J.1    Richard, J.R.2
  • 37
    • 0035129783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A flexible and stable numerical method for simulating the thermal decomposition of wood particles
    • [37] Peters, B., Bruch, C., A flexible and stable numerical method for simulating the thermal decomposition of wood particles. Chemosphere 42:5 (2001), 481–490.
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 481-490
    • Peters, B.1    Bruch, C.2
  • 38
    • 84870552583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermogravimetric study of the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of coal blends with corn and sugarcane residues
    • [38] Aboyade, A.O., Görgens, J.F., Carrier, M., Meyer, E.L., Knoetze, J.H., Thermogravimetric study of the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of coal blends with corn and sugarcane residues. Fuel Process. Technol. 106 (2013), 310–320.
    • (2013) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.106 , pp. 310-320
    • Aboyade, A.O.1    Görgens, J.F.2    Carrier, M.3    Meyer, E.L.4    Knoetze, J.H.5
  • 39
    • 84897091444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical, kinetic and energetic investigation of coal–biomass mixture pyrolysis
    • [39] Agarwal, G., Lattimer, B., Physicochemical, kinetic and energetic investigation of coal–biomass mixture pyrolysis. Fuel Process. Technol. 124 (2014), 174–187.
    • (2014) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.124 , pp. 174-187
    • Agarwal, G.1    Lattimer, B.2
  • 40
    • 84938904099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second-generation sustainability: application of the distributed activation energy model to the pyrolysis of locally sourced biomass–coal blends for use in co-firing scenarios
    • [40] Goldfarb, J.L., Ceylan, S., Second-generation sustainability: application of the distributed activation energy model to the pyrolysis of locally sourced biomass–coal blends for use in co-firing scenarios. Fuel 160 (2015), 297–308.
    • (2015) Fuel , vol.160 , pp. 297-308
    • Goldfarb, J.L.1    Ceylan, S.2
  • 42
    • 84856726512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Product distributions from isothermal co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass
    • [42] Weiland, N.T., Means, N.C., Morreale, B.D., Product distributions from isothermal co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass. Fuel 94 (2012), 563–570.
    • (2012) Fuel , vol.94 , pp. 563-570
    • Weiland, N.T.1    Means, N.C.2    Morreale, B.D.3
  • 43
    • 84907356147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of char generated from co-pyrolysis of coal and Appalachian hardwoods
    • [43] Rowan, S.L., Wu, F., Celik, I.B., Weiland, N.T., Experimental investigation of char generated from co-pyrolysis of coal and Appalachian hardwoods. Fuel Process. Technol. 128 (2014), 354–358.
    • (2014) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.128 , pp. 354-358
    • Rowan, S.L.1    Wu, F.2    Celik, I.B.3    Weiland, N.T.4
  • 44
    • 69449097870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamentals, kinetics and endothermicity of the biomass pyrolysis reaction
    • [44] Van de Velden, M., Baeyens, J., Brems, A., Janssens, B., Dewil, R., Fundamentals, kinetics and endothermicity of the biomass pyrolysis reaction. Renewable Energy 35:1 (2010), 232–242.
    • (2010) Renewable Energy , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 232-242
    • Van de Velden, M.1    Baeyens, J.2    Brems, A.3    Janssens, B.4    Dewil, R.5
  • 45
    • 47849091788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CFD modelling of the fast pyrolysis of biomass in fluidised bed reactors, Part a: Eulerian computation of momentum transport in bubbling fluidised beds
    • [45] Papadikis, K., Bridgwater, A.V., Gu, S., CFD modelling of the fast pyrolysis of biomass in fluidised bed reactors, Part a: Eulerian computation of momentum transport in bubbling fluidised beds. Chem. Eng. Sci. 63:16 (2008), 4218–4227.
    • (2008) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.63 , Issue.16 , pp. 4218-4227
    • Papadikis, K.1    Bridgwater, A.V.2    Gu, S.3
  • 46
    • 58749087504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CFD modelling of the fast pyrolysis of biomass in fluidised bed reactors, Part B: heat, momentum and mass transport in bubbling fluidised beds
    • [46] Papadikis, K., Gu, S., Bridgwater, A.V., CFD modelling of the fast pyrolysis of biomass in fluidised bed reactors, Part B: heat, momentum and mass transport in bubbling fluidised beds. Chem. Eng. Sci. 64:5 (2009), 1036–1045.
    • (2009) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 1036-1045
    • Papadikis, K.1    Gu, S.2    Bridgwater, A.V.3
  • 47
    • 63149135686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CFD modelling of the fast pyrolysis of biomass in fluidised bed reactors: modelling the impact of biomass shrinkage
    • [47] Papadikis, K., Gu, S., Bridgwater, A.V., CFD modelling of the fast pyrolysis of biomass in fluidised bed reactors: modelling the impact of biomass shrinkage. Chem. Eng. J. 149:1–3 (2009), 417–427.
    • (2009) Chem. Eng. J. , vol.149 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 417-427
    • Papadikis, K.1    Gu, S.2    Bridgwater, A.V.3
  • 48
    • 0001255069 scopus 로고
    • The surface properties of carbon. I. The effect of activated diffusion in the determination of surface area
    • [48] Marsh, H., Wynne-Jones, W.F.K., The surface properties of carbon. I. The effect of activated diffusion in the determination of surface area. Carbon 1:3 (1964), 267–279.
    • (1964) Carbon , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-279
    • Marsh, H.1    Wynne-Jones, W.F.K.2
  • 49
    • 0003506516 scopus 로고
    • Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity
    • Academic Press New York
    • [49] Gregg, S.J., Sing, K.S.W., Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity. 1982, Academic Press, New York.
    • (1982)
    • Gregg, S.J.1    Sing, K.S.W.2
  • 51
    • 84937762811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does carbonization avoid segregation of biomass and lignite during co-firing? Thermal analysis study
    • [51] Haykiri-Acma, H., Yaman, S., Kucukbayrak, S., Does carbonization avoid segregation of biomass and lignite during co-firing? Thermal analysis study. Fuel Process. Technol. 137 (2015), 312–319.
    • (2015) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.137 , pp. 312-319
    • Haykiri-Acma, H.1    Yaman, S.2    Kucukbayrak, S.3
  • 52
    • 69449096928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between biomass and different rank coals during co-pyrolysis
    • [52] Haykiri-Acma, H., Yaman, S., Interaction between biomass and different rank coals during co-pyrolysis. Renewable Energy 35:1 (2010), 288–292.
    • (2010) Renewable Energy , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 288-292
    • Haykiri-Acma, H.1    Yaman, S.2
  • 53
    • 0028751884 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of cellulose pyrolysis
    • [53] Di Blasi, C., Numerical simulation of cellulose pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy 7:1 (1994), 87–98.
    • (1994) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-98
    • Di Blasi, C.1
  • 54
    • 0037332496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volatilisation and catalytic effects of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species during the pyrolysis and gasification of Victorian brown coal. Part IV. Catalytic effects of NaCl and ion-exchangeable Na in coal on char reactivity
    • [54] Quyn, D.M., Wu, H., Hayashi, J.I., Li, C.Z., Volatilisation and catalytic effects of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species during the pyrolysis and gasification of Victorian brown coal. Part IV. Catalytic effects of NaCl and ion-exchangeable Na in coal on char reactivity. Fuel 82:5 (2003), 587–593.
    • (2003) Fuel , vol.82 , Issue.5 , pp. 587-593
    • Quyn, D.M.1    Wu, H.2    Hayashi, J.I.3    Li, C.Z.4
  • 55
    • 0032099245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrolysis of tire rubber: porosity and adsorption characteristics of the pyrolytic chars
    • [55] Miguel, G.S., Fowler, G.D., Sollars, C.J., Pyrolysis of tire rubber: porosity and adsorption characteristics of the pyrolytic chars. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 37:6 (1998), 2430–2435.
    • (1998) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 2430-2435
    • Miguel, G.S.1    Fowler, G.D.2    Sollars, C.J.3
  • 56
    • 84964239532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inherent organic compounds in biochar—their content, composition and potential toxic effects
    • [56] Buss, W., Mašek, O., Graham, M., Wüst, D., Inherent organic compounds in biochar—their content, composition and potential toxic effects. J. Environ. Manage. 156 (2015), 150–157.
    • (2015) J. Environ. Manage. , vol.156 , pp. 150-157
    • Buss, W.1    Mašek, O.2    Graham, M.3    Wüst, D.4
  • 57
    • 84896742631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobile organic compounds in biochar—a potential source of contamination—phytotoxic effects on cress seed (Lepidium sativum) germination
    • [57] Buss, W., Mašek, O., Mobile organic compounds in biochar—a potential source of contamination—phytotoxic effects on cress seed (Lepidium sativum) germination. J. Environ. Manage. 137 (2014), 111–119.
    • (2014) J. Environ. Manage. , vol.137 , pp. 111-119
    • Buss, W.1    Mašek, O.2
  • 59
    • 33845911217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charcoal effects on soil solution chemistry and growth of Koeleria macrantha in the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir ecosystem
    • [59] Gundale, M.J., DeLuca, T.H., Charcoal effects on soil solution chemistry and growth of Koeleria macrantha in the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir ecosystem. Biol. Fertil. Soils 43:3 (2007), 303–311.
    • (2007) Biol. Fertil. Soils , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-311
    • Gundale, M.J.1    DeLuca, T.H.2
  • 61
    • 84869471801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in birch wood slow pyrolysis products
    • [61] Fagernäs, L., Kuoppala, E., Simell, P., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in birch wood slow pyrolysis products. Energy Fuels 26:11 (2012), 6960–6970.
    • (2012) Energy Fuels , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 6960-6970
    • Fagernäs, L.1    Kuoppala, E.2    Simell, P.3
  • 62
    • 84881230357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochar and biochar amended soil
    • [62] Fabbri, D., Rombolà, A.G., Torri, C., Spokas, K.A., Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochar and biochar amended soil. J. Analyt. Appl. Pyrol. 103 (2013), 60–67.
    • (2013) J. Analyt. Appl. Pyrol. , vol.103 , pp. 60-67
    • Fabbri, D.1    Rombolà, A.G.2    Torri, C.3    Spokas, K.A.4
  • 64
    • 84876821643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergetic effect during co-pyrolysis/gasification of biomass and sub-bituminous coal
    • [64] Krerkkaiwan, S., Fushimi, C., Tsutsumi, A., Kuchonthara, P., Synergetic effect during co-pyrolysis/gasification of biomass and sub-bituminous coal. Fuel Process. Technol. 115 (2013), 11–18.
    • (2013) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.115 , pp. 11-18
    • Krerkkaiwan, S.1    Fushimi, C.2    Tsutsumi, A.3    Kuchonthara, P.4
  • 65
    • 33750528450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergy in devolatilization characteristics of lignite and hazelnut shell during co-pyrolysis
    • [65] Haykiri-Acma, H., Yaman, S., Synergy in devolatilization characteristics of lignite and hazelnut shell during co-pyrolysis. Fuel 86:3 (2007), 373–380.
    • (2007) Fuel , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-380
    • Haykiri-Acma, H.1    Yaman, S.2
  • 66
    • 62449201682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermogravimetric study of interactions in the pyrolysis of blends of coal with radiata pine sawdust
    • [66] Ulloa, C.A., Gordon, A.L., García, X.A., Thermogravimetric study of interactions in the pyrolysis of blends of coal with radiata pine sawdust. Fuel Process. Technol. 90:4 (2009), 583–590.
    • (2009) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 583-590
    • Ulloa, C.A.1    Gordon, A.L.2    García, X.A.3
  • 67
    • 56549129969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergies in co-pyrolysis of Thai lignite and corncob
    • [67] Sonobe, T., Worasuwannarak, N., Pipatmanomai, S., Synergies in co-pyrolysis of Thai lignite and corncob. Fuel Process. Technol. 89:12 (2008), 1371–1378.
    • (2008) Fuel Process. Technol. , vol.89 , Issue.12 , pp. 1371-1378
    • Sonobe, T.1    Worasuwannarak, N.2    Pipatmanomai, S.3
  • 68
    • 77951092584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-pyrolysis characteristics of sawdust and coal blend in TGA and a fixed bed reactor
    • [68] Park, D.K., Kim, S.D., Lee, S.H., Lee, J.G., Co-pyrolysis characteristics of sawdust and coal blend in TGA and a fixed bed reactor. Bioresource Technol. 101:15 (2010), 6151–6156.
    • (2010) Bioresource Technol. , vol.101 , Issue.15 , pp. 6151-6156
    • Park, D.K.1    Kim, S.D.2    Lee, S.H.3    Lee, J.G.4
  • 70
    • 0017428927 scopus 로고
    • Reactivity of coal and char. 1. In carbon dioxide atmosphere
    • [70] Dutta, S., Wen, C.Y., Belt, R.J., Reactivity of coal and char. 1. In carbon dioxide atmosphere. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 16:1 (1977), 20–30.
    • (1977) Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-30
    • Dutta, S.1    Wen, C.Y.2    Belt, R.J.3
  • 71
    • 0022754420 scopus 로고
    • 2-reactivity of coal char and BET surface area
    • [71] Adschiri, T., Furusawa, T., Relation between CO2-reactivity of coal char and BET surface area. Fuel 65:7 (1986), 927–931.
    • (1986) Fuel , vol.65 , Issue.7 , pp. 927-931
    • Adschiri, T.1    Furusawa, T.2
  • 72
    • 0026222201 scopus 로고
    • The role of microporous surface area in the gasification of chars from a sub-bituminous coal
    • [72] Hurt, R.H., Sarofim, A.F., Longwell, J.P., The role of microporous surface area in the gasification of chars from a sub-bituminous coal. Fuel 70:9 (1991), 1079–1082.
    • (1991) Fuel , vol.70 , Issue.9 , pp. 1079-1082
    • Hurt, R.H.1    Sarofim, A.F.2    Longwell, J.P.3
  • 73
    • 0003888791 scopus 로고
    • Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity
    • Kluwer Boston
    • [73] Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity. van Heek, K.H., Mühlen, H.-J., Lahaye, J., Ehrburger, P., (eds.), 1991, Kluwer, Boston.
    • (1991)
    • van Heek, K.H.1    Mühlen, H.-J.2    Lahaye, J.3    Ehrburger, P.4
  • 74
    • 45249128297 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the reactivity of coal chars during gasification, and indices representing reactivity
    • [74] Miura, K., Hashimoto, K., Silveston, P.L., Factors affecting the reactivity of coal chars during gasification, and indices representing reactivity. Fuel 68:11 (1989), 1461–1475.
    • (1989) Fuel , vol.68 , Issue.11 , pp. 1461-1475
    • Miura, K.1    Hashimoto, K.2    Silveston, P.L.3
  • 75
    • 0013081930 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of pore structure and active surface areas of coal and char during hydrogenation
    • [75] Cyprès, R., Planchon, D., Braekman-Danheux, C., Evolution of pore structure and active surface areas of coal and char during hydrogenation. Fuel 64:10 (1985), 1375–1378.
    • (1985) Fuel , vol.64 , Issue.10 , pp. 1375-1378
    • Cyprès, R.1    Planchon, D.2    Braekman-Danheux, C.3
  • 76
    • 77649342687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of inorganic salts on the primary pyrolysis products of cellulose
    • [76] Patwardhan, P.R., Satrio, J.A., Brown, R.C., Shanks, B.H., Influence of inorganic salts on the primary pyrolysis products of cellulose. Bioresource Technol. 101:12 (2010), 4646–4655.
    • (2010) Bioresource Technol. , vol.101 , Issue.12 , pp. 4646-4655
    • Patwardhan, P.R.1    Satrio, J.A.2    Brown, R.C.3    Shanks, B.H.4
  • 77
    • 84992397329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of potassium and phosphorus in biomass on the properties of fast pyrolysis bio-oil
    • [77] Banks, S.W., Nowakowski, D.J., Bridgwater, A.V., Impact of potassium and phosphorus in biomass on the properties of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. Energy Fuels 30:10 (2016), 8009–8018.
    • (2016) Energy Fuels , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 8009-8018
    • Banks, S.W.1    Nowakowski, D.J.2    Bridgwater, A.V.3
  • 78
    • 85012307677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ upgrading of pyrolysis biofuels by bentonite clay with simultaneous production of heterogeneous adsorbents for water treatment
    • [78] Dou, G., Goldfarb, J.L., In situ upgrading of pyrolysis biofuels by bentonite clay with simultaneous production of heterogeneous adsorbents for water treatment. Fuel 195 (2017), 273–283.
    • (2017) Fuel , vol.195 , pp. 273-283
    • Dou, G.1    Goldfarb, J.L.2
  • 79
    • 85058909731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed 7 August.
    • [79] NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook, accessed 7 August 2015.
    • (2015)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.