The benefit of web- and computer-based interventions for stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2017, Pages

  Heber, Elena ^a,b   Ebert, David Daniel ^a,c   Lehr, Dirk ^a   Cuijpers, Pim ^a,d   Berking, Matthias ^a,c   Nobis, Stephanie ^a   Riper, Heleen ^a,d,e  

^a LEUPHANA UNIVERSITY OF LÜNEBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^d VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Internet based interventions; Mental health; Meta analysis; Randomized controlled trial; Review; Stress

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSION; HUMAN; INTERNET; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; META ANALYSIS; PROCEDURES;

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSION; HUMANS; INTERNET; MALE; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 85014816546     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14388871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5774     Document Type: Review

References (138)

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19. Cuijpers P, Marks IM, van Straten A, Cavanagh K, Gega L, Andersson G. Computer-aided psychotherapy for anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic review. Cogn Behav Ther 2009;38(2):66-82. [doi: 10.1080/16506070802694776] [Medline: 20183688]
20. Cheng SK, Dizon J. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom 2012;81(4):206-216. [doi: 10.1159/000335379] [Medline: 22585048]
21. Billings DW, Cook RF, Hendrickson A, Dove DC. A web-based approach to managing stress and mood disorders in the workforce. J Occup Environ Med 2008 Aug;50(8):960-968. [doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31816c435b] [Medline: 18695455]
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23. Rose RD, Buckey JC, Zbozinek TD, Motivala SJ, Glenn DE, Cartreine JA, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a self-guided, multimedia, stress management and resilience training program. Behav Res Ther 2013 Feb;51(2):106-112. [doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.11.003] [Medline: 23262118]
24. Hammen C. Stress and depression. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2005 Apr;1:293-319. [doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938] [Medline: 17716090]
25. Akerstedt T. Psychosocial stress and impaired sleep. Scand J Work Environ Health 2006 Dec;32(6):493-501 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 17173205]
26. Kraatz S, Lang J, Kraus T, Münster E, Ochsmann E. The incremental effect of psychosocial workplace factors on the development of neck and shoulder disorders: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013 May;86(4):375-395. [doi: 10.1007/s00420-013-0848-y] [Medline: 23549669]
27. Richardson S, Shaffer JA, Falzon L, Krupka D, Davidson KW, Edmondson D. Meta-analysis of perceived stress and its association with incident coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2012 Dec 15;110(12):1711-1716 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.08.004] [Medline: 22975465]
28. Steptoe A, Kivimäki M. Stress and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2012 Jun;9(6):360-370. [doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.45] [Medline: 22473079]
29. Hassard J, Teoh K, Cox T, Dewe P, Cosmar M, Grundler R, et al. Calculating the Cost of Work-Related Stress and Psychosocial Risks. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2014.
30. Bhui KS, Dinos S, Stansfeld SA, White PD. A synthesis of the evidence for managing stress at work: A review of the reviews reporting on anxiety, depression, and absenteeism. J Environ Public Health 2012;2012:515874 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1155/2012/515874] [Medline: 22496705]
31. van der Klink JJ, Blonk RW, Schene AH, van Dijk FJ. The benefits of interventions for work-related stress. Am J Public Health 2001 Feb;91(2):270-276. [Medline: 11211637]
32. Richardson KM, Rothstein HR. Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: A meta-analysis. J Occup Health Psychol 2008 Jan;13(1):69-93. [doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.13.1.69] [Medline: 18211170]
33. Johansson R, Andersson G. Internet-based psychological treatments for depression. Expert Rev Neurother 2012 Jul;12(7):861-869; quiz 870. [doi: 10.1586/ern.12.63] [Medline: 22853793]
34. Hedman E, Ljótsson B, Lindefors N. Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet: A systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2012 Dec;12(6):745-764. [doi: 10.1586/erp.12.67] [Medline: 23252357]
35. Riper H, Blankers M, Hadiwijaya H, Cunningham J, Clarke S, Wiers R, et al. Effectiveness of guided and unguided low-intensity internet interventions for adult alcohol misuse: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014;9(6):e99912 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099912] [Medline: 24937483]
36. Lin J, Ebert DD, Lehr D, Berking M, Baumeister H. [Internet based cognitive behavioral interventions: state of the art and implementation possibilities in rehabilitation]. Rehabilitation (Stuttg) 2013 Jun;52(3):155-163. [doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1343491] [Medline: 23761204]
37. Ebert DD, Zarski AC, Christensen H, Stikkelbroek Y, Cuijpers P, Berking M, et al. Internet and computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in youth: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled outcome trials. PLoS One 2015;10(3):e0119895 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119895] [Medline: 25786025]
38. van Zoonen K, Buntrock C, Ebert DD, Smit F, Reynolds CFIII, Beekman AT, et al. Preventing the onset of major depressive disorder: A meta-analytic review of psychological interventions. Int J Epidemiol 2014 Apr;43(2):318-329 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt175] [Medline: 24760873]
39. Buntrock C, Ebert DD, Lehr D, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Smit F, et al. Evaluating the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of web-based indicated prevention of major depression: design of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2014;14:25 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-25] [Medline: 24485283]
40. Buntrock C, Ebert DD, Lehr D, Smit F, Riper H, Berking M, et al. Effect of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for prevention of major depression in adults with subthreshold depression: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016 May 3;315(17):1854-1863. [doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.4326] [Medline: 27139058]
41. Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Cuijpers P. Online intervention for prevention of major depression-reply. JAMA 2016;316(8):881-882. [doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.9586] [Medline: 27552628]
42. Cuijpers P, Marks IM, van Straten A, Cavanagh K, Gega L, Andersson G. Computer-aided psychotherapy for anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic review. Cogn Behav Ther 2009;38(2):66-82. [doi: 10.1080/16506070802694776] [Medline: 20183688]
43. Cheng SK, Dizon J. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom 2012;81(4):206-216. [doi: 10.1159/000335379] [Medline: 22585048]
44. Billings DW, Cook RF, Hendrickson A, Dove DC. A web-based approach to managing stress and mood disorders in the workforce. J Occup Environ Med 2008 Aug;50(8):960-968. [doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31816c435b] [Medline: 18695455]
45. Hänggi Y. Kann web-basierte Stressprävention erfolgreich sein? [Can web-based parental training on coping with familiy stress be successful?]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 2006 Jul 1;35(3):169-177. [doi: 10.1026/1616-3443.35.3.169]
46. Rose RD, Buckey JC, Zbozinek TD, Motivala SJ, Glenn DE, Cartreine JA, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a self-guided, multimedia, stress management and resilience training program. Behav Res Ther 2013 Feb;51(2):106-112. [doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.11.003] [Medline: 23262118]
47. Ruwaard J, Lange A, Bouwman M, Broeksteeg J, Schrieken B. E-mailed standardized cognitive behavioural treatment of work-related stress: A randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2007;36(3):179-192. [doi: 10.1080/16506070701381863] [Medline: 17852171]
48. Umanodan R, Shimazu A, Minami M, Kawakami N. Effects of computer-based stress management training on psychological well-being and work performance in japanese employees: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Ind Health 2014;52(6):480-491 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 25055847]
49. Zetterqvist K, Maanmies J, Ström L, Andersson G. Randomized controlled trial of internet-based stress management. Cogn Behav Ther 2003;32(3):151-160. [doi: 10.1080/16506070302316] [Medline: 16291546]
50. Aikens KA, Astin J, Pelletier KR, Levanovich K, Baase CM, Park YY, et al. Mindfulness goes to work: impact of an online workplace intervention. J Occup Environ Med 2014 Jul;56(7):721-731. [doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000209] [Medline: 24988100]
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54. Ebert DD, Heber E, Berking M, Riper H, Cuijpers P, Funk B, et al. Self-guided internet-based and mobile-based stress management for employees: results of a randomised controlled trial. Occup Environ Med 2016 May;73(5):315-323. [doi: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103269] [Medline: 26884049]
55. Ebert DD, Lehr D, Heber E, Riper H, Cuijpers P, Berking M. Internet-and mobile-based stress management for employees with adherence-focused guidance: efficacy and mechanism of change. Scand J Work Environ Health 2016 Sep 01;42(5):382-394. [doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3573] [Medline: 27249161]
56. Glück TM, Maercker A. A randomized controlled pilot study of a brief web-based mindfulness training. BMC Psychiatry 2011;11:175 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-11-175] [Medline: 22067058]
57. Heber E, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Berking M, Riper H. Web-based and mobile stress management intervention for employees: A randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2016;18(1):e21 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.5112] [Medline: 26818683]
58. Ly KH, Asplund K, Andersson G. Stress management for middle managers via an acceptance and commitment-based smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions 2014 Jul;1(3):95-101. [doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2014.06.003]
59. Morledge TJ, Allexandre D, Fox E, Fu AZ, Higashi MK, Kruzikas DT, et al. Feasibility of an online mindfulness program for stress management-A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Behav Med 2013 Oct;46(2):137-148 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1007/s12160-013-9490-x] [Medline: 23632913]
60. Wolever RQ, Bobinet KJ, McCabe K, Mackenzie ER, Fekete E, Kusnick CA, et al. Effective and viable mind-body stress reduction in the workplace: A randomized controlled trial. J Occup Health Psychol 2012 Apr;17(2):246-258. [doi: 10.1037/a0027278] [Medline: 22352291]
61. Wiegand B, Luedtke K, Friscia D, Nair M, Aleles M, McCloskey R. Efficacy of a comprehensive program for reducing stress in women: A prospective, randomized trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2010 Apr;26(4):991-1002. [doi: 10.1185/03007991003688193] [Medline: 20201624]
62. Hinman M, Ezzo L, Hunt D, Mays A. Computerized exercise program does not affect stress levels of asymptomatic VDT users. J Occup Rehab 1997 Mar;7(1):45-51. [doi: 10.1007/BF02765875]
63. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Cochrane Bias Methods Group, Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 22008217]
64. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JP, Rothstein HR. Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
65. Hintz S, Frazier PA, Meredith L. Evaluating an online stress management intervention for college students. J Couns Psychol 2015 Apr;62(2):137-147. [doi: 10.1037/cou0000014] [Medline: 24635586]
66. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 1992 Jul;112(1):155-159. [Medline: 19565683]
67. Kraemer HC, Kupfer DJ. Size of treatment effects and their importance to clinical research and practice. Biol Psychiatry 2006 Jun 1;59(11):990-996. [doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.014] [Medline: 16368078]
68. Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med 1988 Jun 30;318(26):1728-1733. [doi: 10.1056/NEJM198806303182605] [Medline: 3374545]
69. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003 Sep 6;327(7414):557-560 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557] [Medline: 12958120]
70. Ruwaard J, Lange A, Bouwman M, Broeksteeg J, Schrieken B. E-mailed standardized cognitive behavioural treatment of work-related stress: A randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2007;36(3):179-192. [doi: 10.1080/16506070701381863] [Medline: 17852171]
71. Umanodan R, Shimazu A, Minami M, Kawakami N. Effects of computer-based stress management training on psychological well-being and work performance in japanese employees: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Ind Health 2014;52(6):480-491 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 25055847]
72. Zetterqvist K, Maanmies J, Ström L, Andersson G. Randomized controlled trial of internet-based stress management. Cogn Behav Ther 2003;32(3):151-160. [doi: 10.1080/16506070302316] [Medline: 16291546]
73. Aikens KA, Astin J, Pelletier KR, Levanovich K, Baase CM, Park YY, et al. Mindfulness goes to work: impact of an online workplace intervention. J Occup Environ Med 2014 Jul;56(7):721-731. [doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000209] [Medline: 24988100]
74. Allexandre D, Bernstein AM, Walker E, Hunter J, Roizen MF, Morledge TJ. A Web-based mindfulness stress management program in a corporate call center: A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the added benefit of onsite group support. J Occup Environ Med 2016 Mar;58(3):254-264 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000680] [Medline: 26949875]
75. Cavanagh K, Strauss C, Cicconi F, Griffiths N, Wyper A, Jones F. A randomised controlled trial of a brief online mindfulness-based intervention. Behav Res Ther 2013 Sep;51(9):573-578. [doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.06.003] [Medline: 23872699]
76. Drozd F, Raeder S, Kraft P, Bjørkli CA. Multilevel growth curve analyses of treatment effects of a Web-based intervention for stress reduction: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2013;15(4):e84 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2570] [Medline: 23607962]
77. Ebert DD, Heber E, Berking M, Riper H, Cuijpers P, Funk B, et al. Self-guided internet-based and mobile-based stress management for employees: results of a randomised controlled trial. Occup Environ Med 2016 May;73(5):315-323. [doi: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103269] [Medline: 26884049]
78. Ebert DD, Lehr D, Heber E, Riper H, Cuijpers P, Berking M. Internet-and mobile-based stress management for employees with adherence-focused guidance: efficacy and mechanism of change. Scand J Work Environ Health 2016 Sep 01;42(5):382-394. [doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3573] [Medline: 27249161]
79. Glück TM, Maercker A. A randomized controlled pilot study of a brief web-based mindfulness training. BMC Psychiatry 2011;11:175 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-11-175] [Medline: 22067058]
80. Heber E, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Berking M, Riper H. Web-based and mobile stress management intervention for employees: A randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2016;18(1):e21 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.5112] [Medline: 26818683]
81. Ly KH, Asplund K, Andersson G. Stress management for middle managers via an acceptance and commitment-based smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions 2014 Jul;1(3):95-101. [doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2014.06.003]
82. Morledge TJ, Allexandre D, Fox E, Fu AZ, Higashi MK, Kruzikas DT, et al. Feasibility of an online mindfulness program for stress management-A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Behav Med 2013 Oct;46(2):137-148 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1007/s12160-013-9490-x] [Medline: 23632913]
83. Wolever RQ, Bobinet KJ, McCabe K, Mackenzie ER, Fekete E, Kusnick CA, et al. Effective and viable mind-body stress reduction in the workplace: A randomized controlled trial. J Occup Health Psychol 2012 Apr;17(2):246-258. [doi: 10.1037/a0027278] [Medline: 22352291]
84. Wiegand B, Luedtke K, Friscia D, Nair M, Aleles M, McCloskey R. Efficacy of a comprehensive program for reducing stress in women: A prospective, randomized trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2010 Apr;26(4):991-1002. [doi: 10.1185/03007991003688193] [Medline: 20201624]
85. Hinman M, Ezzo L, Hunt D, Mays A. Computerized exercise program does not affect stress levels of asymptomatic VDT users. J Occup Rehab 1997 Mar;7(1):45-51. [doi: 10.1007/BF02765875]
86. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Cochrane Bias Methods Group, Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 22008217]
87. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JP, Rothstein HR. Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
88. Hintz S, Frazier PA, Meredith L. Evaluating an online stress management intervention for college students. J Couns Psychol 2015 Apr;62(2):137-147. [doi: 10.1037/cou0000014] [Medline: 24635586]
89. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 1992 Jul;112(1):155-159. [Medline: 19565683]
90. Kraemer HC, Kupfer DJ. Size of treatment effects and their importance to clinical research and practice. Biol Psychiatry 2006 Jun 1;59(11):990-996. [doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.014] [Medline: 16368078]
91. Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med 1988 Jun 30;318(26):1728-1733. [doi: 10.1056/NEJM198806303182605] [Medline: 3374545]
92. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003 Sep 6;327(7414):557-560 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557] [Medline: 12958120]
93. Ruwaard J, Lange A, Bouwman M, Broeksteeg J, Schrieken B. E-mailed standardized cognitive behavioural treatment of work-related stress: A randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2007;36(3):179-192. [doi: 10.1080/16506070701381863] [Medline: 17852171]
94. Umanodan R, Shimazu A, Minami M, Kawakami N. Effects of computer-based stress management training on psychological well-being and work performance in japanese employees: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Ind Health 2014;52(6):480-491 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 25055847]
95. Zetterqvist K, Maanmies J, Ström L, Andersson G. Randomized controlled trial of internet-based stress management. Cogn Behav Ther 2003;32(3):151-160. [doi: 10.1080/16506070302316] [Medline: 16291546]
96. Aikens KA, Astin J, Pelletier KR, Levanovich K, Baase CM, Park YY, et al. Mindfulness goes to work: impact of an online workplace intervention. J Occup Environ Med 2014 Jul;56(7):721-731. [doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000209] [Medline: 24988100]
97. Allexandre D, Bernstein AM, Walker E, Hunter J, Roizen MF, Morledge TJ. A Web-based mindfulness stress management program in a corporate call center: A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the added benefit of onsite group support. J Occup Environ Med 2016 Mar;58(3):254-264 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000680] [Medline: 26949875]
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