Low bacteremia prevalence among febrile children in areas of differing malaria transmission in rural kenya: A cross-sectional study

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 385-394

  Onchiri, Frankline M ^a,b   Pavlinac, Patricia B ^a   Singa, Benson O ^b   Naulikha, Jacqueline M ^a,b   Odundo, Elizabeth A ^c   Farquhar, Carey ^a   Richardson, Barbra A ^a,d   John Stewart, Grace ^a   Walson, Judd L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Kenya Medical Research Institute   (United States)

^c U S ARMY   (United States)

^d Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa; Bacteremia; Children; Fever; Malaria

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; BCG VACCINE; DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B HEPATITIS B VACCINE; HEMOGLOBIN; ORAL POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE;

ADOLESCENT; ANEMIA; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BLOOD CULTURE; CAREGIVER; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FEVER; HOUSEHOLD INCOME; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFANT; KENYA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RURAL AREA; SCHOOL CHILD; SCREENING; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES; TYPHOID FEVER; VACCINATION; MICROBIOLOGY; PARASITOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; RURAL POPULATION;

ANEMIA; BACTEREMIA; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; FEVER; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; KENYA; MALARIA; MALE; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; RURAL POPULATION;

EID: 85014798977     PISSN: 20487193     EISSN: 20487207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piv043     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet 2012; 379: 2151-61.
2. Gething PW, Kirui VC, Alegana VA, et al. Estimating the number of paediatric fevers associated with malaria infection presenting to Africa's public health sector in 2007. PLoS Med 2010; 7: e1000301.
3. Afrane YA, Zhou G, Githeko AK, Yan G. Utility of health facilitybased malaria data for malaria surveillance. PLoS One 2013; 8: e54305.
4. D'Acremont V, Lengeler C, Genton B. Reduction in the proportion of fevers associated with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in Africa: a systematic review. Malar J 2010; 9:240.
5. Berkley JA, Lowe BS,Mwangi I, et al. Bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Kenya. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 39-47.
6. Brent AJ, Ahmed I, Ndiritu M, et al. Incidence of clinically significant bacteraemia in children who present to hospital in Kenya: community-based observational study. Lancet 2006; 367:482-8.
7. Reddy EA, Shaw AV, Crump JA. Community-acquired bloodstream infections in Africa: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2010; 10:417-32.
8. Blomberg B, Manji KP, Urassa WK, et al. Antimicrobial resistance predicts death in Tanzanian children with bloodstream infections: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2007; 7:43.
9. Were T, Davenport GC, Hittner JB, et al. Bacteremia in Kenyan children presenting with malaria. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49: 671-6.
10. Scott JA, Berkley JA, Mwangi I, et al. Relation between falciparum malaria and bacteraemia in Kenyan children: a populationbased, case-control study and a longitudinal study. Lancet 2011; 378:1316-23.
11. WHO Informal Consultation on fever management in peripheral health care settings: a global review of evidence and practice. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/mpac/who_consultation_ fever_management_presentation.pdf. Accessed 3 January 2014.
12. O'Meara WP, Mangeni JN, Steketee R, Greenwood B. Changes in the burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2010; 10:545-55.
13. West BA, Peterside O. Sensitivity pattern among bacterial isolates in neonatal septicaemia in port Harcourt. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2012; 11:7.
14. Berkley J, Mwarumba S, Bramham K, et al. Bacteraemia complicating severe malaria in children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93:283-6.
15. Tabu C, Breiman RF, Ochieng B, et al. Differing burden and epidemiology of non-Typhi Salmonella bacteremia in rural and urban Kenya, 2006-2009. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31237.
16. Montana L, Neuman M, Mishra V. Spatial Modeling of HIV Prevalence in Kenya. Calverton, Maryland: MEASURE DHS MACRO and USAID, 2007. Available at: http://www. dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/WP27/WP27.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2014.
17. PATH-Kenya, GOK-MoPHS, UNICEF. Nutrition and Mortality Survey Kisii Central District - Nyanza. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) 2010. Available at: http://ochaonline.un.org. Accessed 8 May 2014.
18. Semproli S, Gualdi-Russo E. Childhood malnutrition and growth in a rural area of Western Kenya. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007; 132:463-9.
19. Stuckey EM, Stevenson JC, Cooke MK, et al. Simulation of malaria epidemiology and control in the highlands of Western Kenya. Malar J 2012; 11:357.
20. Zhong D, Afrane Y, Githeko A, et al. Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity in western Kenya highlands. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77:1043-50.
21. Noor AM, Gething PW, Alegana VA, et al. The risks of malaria infection in Kenya in 2009. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:180.
22. Beier JC, Oster CN, Onyango FK, et al. Plasmodium falciparum incidence relative to entomologic inoculation rates at a site proposed for testing malaria vaccines in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994; 50:529-36.
23. Patrick Mutuo, Cheryl Palm, Bronwen Konecky, et al. Baseline report: Millennium Research Village, Sauri, Kenya. New York, NY, Columbia University, The Earth Institute. Available at: http://mp.convio.net/site/DocServer/Sauri_Baseline_Report_final_ 3-7-07.pdf?docID%20=%201002. Accessed 4 June 2015.
24. KNACC. Kenya National AIDS Control Council: Kenya HIV County Profiles (2014). Available at: http://www.nacc.or.ke/ images/documents/KenyaCountyProfiles.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2015.
25. WHO and UNICEF (2005) Handbook IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses. Geneva: World Health Organization.
26. Government of Kenya: Basic paediatric protocols. Ministry of Health, Nairobi. Edition 2013.
27. Weinstein MP. Blood culture contamination: persisting problems and partial progress. J ClinMicrobiol 2003; 41:2275-8.
28. WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group (2006). WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization; pp 312. Available at: http://www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/ en/. Accessed 8 May 2015.
29. de Onis M, Onyango A, Borghi E, et al. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85: 661-8.
30. Biggs HM, Lester R, Nadjm B, et al. Invasive Salmonella infections in areas of high and low malaria transmission intensity in Tanzania. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:638-47.
31. Brent AJ, Oundo JO, Mwangi I, et al. Salmonella bacteremia in Kenyan children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:230-6.
32. Feasey NA, Dougan G, Kingsley RA, et al. Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. Lancet 2012; 379:2489-99.
33. Nesbitt A, Mirza NB. Salmonella septicaemias in Kenyan children. J Trop Pediatr 1989; 35:35-9.
34. Mtove G, Amos B, von Seidlein L, et al. Invasive salmonellosis among children admitted to a rural Tanzanian hospital and a comparison with previous studies. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9244.
35. Nadjm B, Amos B, Mtove G, et al. WHO guidelines for antimicrobial treatment in children admitted to hospital in an area of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission: prospective study. BMJ 2010; 340:c1350.
36. Crump JA, Morrissey AB, Nicholson WL, et al. Etiology of severe non-malaria febrile illness in Northern Tanzania: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2324.
37. Mtove G, Amos B, Nadjm B, et al. Decreasing incidence of severe malaria and community-acquired bacteraemia among hospitalized children in Muheza, north-eastern Tanzania, 2006-2010. Malar J 2011; 10.
38. D'Acremont V, Kilowoko M, Kyungu E, et al. Beyond malaria--causes of fever in outpatient Tanzanian children. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:809-17.
39. Bronzan RN, Taylor TE, Mwenechanya J, et al. Bacteremia in Malawian children with severe malaria: prevalence, etiology, HIV coinfection, and outcome. J Infect Dis 2007; 195: 895-904.
40. Huson MA, Stolp SM, van der Poll T, Grobusch MP. Community-acquired bacterial bloodstream infections in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:79-92.
41. Graham SM, Walsh AL, Molyneux EM, et al. Clinical presentation of non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in Malawian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000; 94:310-4.
42. Onchiri FM, Pavlinac PB, Singa BO, et al. Frequency and correlates of malaria over-treatment in areas of differing malaria transmission: a cross-sectional study in rural Western Kenya. Malar J 2015; 14:97.
43. Sigauque B, Roca A, Mandomando I, et al. Community-acquired bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Mozambique. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009; 28:108-13.