Anger and advancement versus sadness and subjugation: The effect of negative emotion expressions on social status conferral

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 80, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 86-94

  Tiedens, Larissa Z ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANGER; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PERCEPTION; POLITICS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; ANGER; EMOTIONS; EXPRESSED EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; POLITICS; POWER (PSYCHOLOGY); PREJUDICE; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85014718561     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.86     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Abelson, R. P., Kinder, D. R., Peters, M. D., & Fiske, S. T. (1985). Affective and semantic components in political person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 619-630.
2. Adler, R. S., Rosen, B., & Silverstein, E. M. (1998). Emotions in negotiation: How to manage fear and anger. Negotiation Journal, 14, 161-177.
3. Argyris, C. (1994, July-August). Good communication that blocks learning. Harvard Business Review, 77-85.
4. Banse, R., & Scherer, K. R. (1996). Accoustic profiles in vocal emotion expression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 614-636.
5. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
6. Blau, P. M. (1956). Bureaucracy in modern society. New York: Random House.
7. Brown, R. (1985). Social psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Free Press.
8. Bugental, D. B. (1998, June). Powerless parents use high levels of force. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
9. Caspi, A., Elder, G. H., & Bem, D. (1987). Moving against the world: Lifecourse patterns of explosive children. Developmental Psychology, 23, 308-313.
10. Clark, M. S., Pataki, S. P., & Carver, V. (1996). Some thoughts and findings on self-presentation of emotions in relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 247-274). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Clore, G. L., Schwarz, N., & Conway, M. (1994). Affective causes and consequences of social information processing. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 323-418). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
12. Dornbusch, S. M., & Scott, W. R. (1975). Evaluation and the exercise of authority. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
13. Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48, 384-392.
14. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
15. Ellyson, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (Eds.). (1985). Power, dominance, and nonverbal behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag.
16. Fiske, S. T., & Depret, E. (1996). Control, interdependence, and power: Understanding social cognition in its social context. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 31-61). New York: Wiley.
17. Frank, R. H. (1985). Choosing the right pond. New York: Oxford University Press.
18. French, J. R. P., & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies of social power (pp. 150-167). Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
19. Funk, C. L. (1996). The impact of scandal on candidate evaluations: An experimental test of the role of candidate traits. Political Behavior, 18, 1-24.
20. Funk, C. L. (1997). Implications of political expertise in candidate trait evaluations. Political Research Quarterly, 50, 675-697.
21. Gallois, C. (1993). The language and communication of emotion. American Behavioral Scientist, 36, 309-338.
22. Glaser, J., & Salovey, P. (1998). Affect in electoral politics. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 156-172.
23. Grand jury testimony of William Jefferson Clinton [videotape]. (1998, August 17). Orlando Park, IL: MPI Home Video.
24. Halberstadt, A. G. (1991). Toward an ecology of expressiveness: Family socialization in particular and a model in general. In R. S. Feldman & B. Rime (Eds.), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior (pp. 106-160). New York: Cambridge University Press.
25. Hochschild, A. (1983). The managed heart. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
26. Jones, E. E., & Pittman, T. S. (1982). Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation. In J. Suls (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self (pp. 231-262). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
27. Keating, C. F. (1985). Human dominance signals: The primate in us. In S. L. Ellyson & J. F. Dovidio (Eds.), Power, dominance, and nonverbal behavior (pp. 89-108). New York: Springer-Verlag.
28. Kelman, H. C. (1961). Processes of opinion change. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25, 57-78.
29. Keltner, D., & Buswell, B. N. (1997). Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 250-270.
30. Keltner, D., Young, R. C., & Buswell, B. N. (1997). Appeasement in human emotion, social practice, and personality. Aggressive Behavior, 23, 359-374.
31. Kinder, D. R. (1986). Presidential character revisited. In R. R. Lau & D. O. Sears (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th annual Carnegie symposium on cognition (pp. 233-255). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
32. Kipnis, D. (1972). Does power corrupt? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 33-41.
33. Labott, S. M., Martin, R. B., Eason, P. S., & Berkey, E. Y. (1991). Social reactions to the expression of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 5, 397-417.
34. Lanzetta, J. T., Sullivan, D. G., Masters, R. D., & McHugo, G. J. (1985). Viewers' emotional and cognitive responses to televised images of political leaders. In S. Kraus & R. Perloff (Eds.), Mass media and political thought (pp. 50-67). Beverly Hills. CA: Sage.
35. Lerner, H. E. (1980). Internal prohibitions against female anger. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 40, 137-148.
36. Lonner, W. J. (1980). The search for psychological universals. In H. C. Triandis & W. W. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 143-204). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
37. Lutz, C. A. (1990). Engendered emotion: gender, power, and the rhetoric of emotional control in American discourse. In C. A. Lutz & L. AbuLughod (Eds.), Language and the politics of emotion (pp. 69-91). Cambridge. England: Cambridge University Press.
38. Marcus, G. E., & Mackuen, M. B. (1993). Anxiety, enthusiasm, and the vote: The emotional underpinnings of learning and involvement during presidential campaigns. American Political Science Review, 87, 672-685.
39. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
40. Martin, J., Knopoff, K., & Beckman, C. (1998). An alternative to bureaucratic impersonality and emotional labor: Bounded emotionality at The Body Shop. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 429-469.
41. McHugo, G. J., Lanzetta, J. T., Sullivan, D. G., Masters, R. D., & Englis, E. G. (1985). Emotional reactions to a political leader's expressive displays. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1513-1529.
42. Olweus, D. (1978). Aggression in schools. New York: Wiley.
43. Sidanius, J. (1993). The psychology of group conflict and the dynamics of oppression: A social dominance perspective. In S. Iyengar & W. J. McGuire (Eds.), Explorations in political psychology (pp. 183-219). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
44. Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 813-838.
45. Sutton, R. (1991). Maintaining norms about expressed emotions: The case of bill collectors. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 245-268.
46. Tavris, C. (1989). Anger: The misunderstood emotion. (2nd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster.
47. Tiedens, L. Z., Ellsworth, P. C., & Mesquita, B. (2000). Stereotypes of sentiments and status: Emotional expectations for high and low status group members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 560-575.
48. Weber, M. (1947). The theory of social and economic organization (T. Parsons, Ed.: A. M. Henderson & T. Parsons, Trans.). New York: Free Press.
49. Winter, D. G. (1973). The power motive. New York: Free Press.
50. Wong, P. T., & Weiner. B. (1981). When people ask "why" questions, and the heuristics of attributional search. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 650-663.