Recurrent urinary tract infections in women: Risk factors, etiology, pathogenesis and prophylaxis

Future Microbiology

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 239-246

  Guglietta, Antonio ^a  

^a Aura Biopharm   (Norway)

Author keywords

acute cystitis; epithelial tight junction; Escherichia coli; gelatin; Hibiscus sabdariffa; mechanical gut barrier; propolis; urinary tract infection; uropathogens; Utipro

Indexed keywords

AMINOPENICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; ESTROGEN; FOSFOMYCIN; FOSFOMYCIN TROMETAMOL; NITROFURANTOIN; PIVMECILLINAM; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; TROMETAMOL;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIUM ADHERENCE; CELL ADHESION; CRANBERRY; EPITHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; INTESTINE EPITHELIUM; INTESTINE MUCOSA; LACTOBACILLUS; LOW DRUG DOSE; MENOPAUSE; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOTYPE; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; RECURRENT INFECTION; RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; URETHRA; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI; ANIMAL; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS; FEMALE; GENETICS; INTESTINE; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; RECURRENT DISEASE; VIRULENCE;

ANIMALS; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTESTINES; RECURRENCE; RISK FACTORS; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS; UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI; VIRULENCE;

EID: 85014607485     PISSN: 17460913     EISSN: 17460921     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0145     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Foxman B. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs. Dis. Mon. 49(2), 53-70 (2003).
2. Tandogdu Z, Wagenlehner FM. Global epidemiology of urinary tract infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 29(1), 73-79 (2016).
3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No 91: treatment of urinary tract infection in non-pregnant women. Obstet. Gynecol. 111, 785-794 (2015).
4. Albert X, Huertas I, Pereiro II, Sanfelix J, Gosalbes V, Perrota C. Antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in non-pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3, CD001209 (2004).
5. Horton TM. Recurrent urinary tract infection in women. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 17(4), 259-268 (2001).
6. Foxman B. Recurring urinary tract infections: incidence and risk factors. Am. J. Public Health 80(3), 331-333 (1990).
7. Minardi D, d'Anzeo G, Cantoro D, Conti A, Muzzonigro G. Urinary tract infections in women: etiology and treatment options. Int. J. Gen. Med. 4, 333-343 (2011).
8. Harrington RD, Hooton TM. Urinary tract infection risk factors and gender. J. Gend. Specif. Med. 3(8), 27-34 (2000).
9. Yamamoto S, Tsukamoto T, Terai A, Kurazono H, Takeda Y, Yoshida O. Genetic evidence supporting the fecal-perineal-urethral hypothesis in cystitis caused by Escherichia coli. J. Urol. 157(3), 1127-1129 (1997).
10. Foxman B, Gillespie B, Koopman J et al. Risk factors for second urinary tract infection among college women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 151(12), 1194-1205 (2000).
11. Foxman B, Zhang L, Tallman P et al. Virulence characteristics of Escherichia coli causing frst urinary tract infection predict risk of second infection. J. Infect. Dis. 172 (6), 1536-1541 (1995).
12. Schole D, Hooton TM, Roberts PL, Stepleton AE, Gupta K, Stamm WE. Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in young women. J. Infect. Dis. 182(4), 1177-1182 (2000).
13. Badran YA, El-Kashef TA, Abdelaziz AS, Ali MM. Impact of genital hygiene and sexual activity on urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Urol. Ann. 7(4), 478-481 (2015).
14. Lema WM. Urinary tract infection in young healthy women following heterosexual anal intercourse: case report. Afr. J. Reprod. Health. 19(2), 134-139 (2015).
15. Amiri FN, Rooshan MH, Ahmady MH, Saliamani MJ. Hygiene practices and sexual activity associated with urinary tract infection in pregnant women. East Mediterr. Health J. 15(1), 104-110 (2009).
16. Hill JB, Sheffeld DD, Intire DD, Wendel GD Jr. Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. 105(1), 18-23 (2005).
17. Raz R, Stamm WE. A controlled trial of intravaginal estriol in post-menopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 329(11), 753-756 (1993).
18. Kahlmeter G. An international survey of the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens from uncomplicated urinary tract infections: The ECO SENS Project. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 51(1), 69-76 (2003).
19. Clermont O, Bonacorsi S, Bingen E. Rapid and simple determination of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic group. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 (10), 4555-4550 (2000).
20. Katouli M. Population structure of gut Escherichia coli and its role in development of extra-intestinal infections. Iran J. Microbiol. 2(2), 59-72 (2010).
21. Singer RS. Urinary tract infections attributed to diverse ExPEC strains in food animals: evidence and data gap. Front. Microbiol. 6, 28 (2015).
22. Nataro JP, Kaper JB. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11(1), 142-201 (1998).
23. Levine MM. Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea: enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enterohemotthagic and enteroadherent. J. Infect. Dis. 155 (3), 377-389 (1987).
24. Bien J, Sokolova O, Bozko P. Role of uropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence factors in development of urinary tract infection and kidney damage. Int. J. Neprol. doi:10.1155/2012/681473 (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
25. Manges AR, Johnson JR. Food-borne origins of Escherichia coli causing extraintestinal infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55(5), 712-719 (2012).
26. Manges AR., Smith SP, Lau BJ et al. Retail meat consumption and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections: a case-control study. Foodborne. Pathog. Dis. 4(4), 419-431 (2007).
27. Skyberg JA, Johnson TJ, Johnson JR, Clabots C, Logue CM, Nolan LK. Acquisition of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli plasmids by a commensal E. Coli isolate enhances its ability to kill chicken embryos, grow in human urine, and colonize the murine kidney. Infect. Immun. 74, 6287-6292 (2006).
28. Nuding S, Antoni L, Stange EF. The host and the fora. Dig. Dis. 31, 286-292 (2013).
29. Salyers AA, Whitt DD. Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach. ASM Press, Washington, DC, USA (2002).
30. Manges AR. Escherichia coli and urinary tract infections: the role of poultry meat. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 22(2), 122-129 (2016).
31. Ishi S, Sadowky MJ. Escherichia coli in the environment: implication for water quality and human health. Microbes Environ. 23(2), 101-108 (2008).
32. Nowrouzian FL, Adlerberth I, Wold AE. Enhanced persistence in the colonic microbiota of Escherichia coli strains belonging to phylogenetic group B2: role of virulence factors and adherence to colonic cells. Microbes Infect. 8, 834-840 (2006).
33. Moreno E, Andreu A, Pigrau C, Kuskowski MA, Johnson JR, Prats G. Relationship between Escherichia coli strains causing acute cystitis in women and the fecal E. Coli population of the host. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46, 2529-2534 (2008).
34. Moreno E, Andreu A, Pérez T, Sabaté M, Johnson JR, Prats G. Relationship between Escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infection in women and the dominant faecal fora of the same host. Epidemiol. Infect. 134, 1015-1023 (2006).
35. Beerepoot M, Geerlings S. Non-antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections. Pathogens 5, E36 (2016).
36. Muenzner P, Tchoupa AK, Klauser B et al. Uropathogenic E. Coli exploit CEA to promote colonization of the urogenital tract mucosa. PLoS Pathog. 12(5), e1005608 (2016).
37. Mandell GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R. Principles and practice of Infectious Diseases (6th edition). Churchill Livingstone, NY, USA (2000).
38. Schaeffer AJ, Jones JM, Dunn JK. Association of vitro Escherichia coli adherence to vaginal and buccal epithelial cells with susceptibility of women to recurrent urinary-tract infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 304, 1062-1066 (1981).
39. Mulvey MA, Schilling JD, Hulgren SJ. Establishment of a persistent Escherichia coli reservoir during the acute phase of a bladder infection. Infect. Immun. 69, 4572-4579 (2001).
40. Robino L, Scavone P, Araujo L et al. Intracellular bacteria in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection in children. Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(11), e158-e164 (2014).
41. Bjerrum L, Gahrn-Hansen B, Grinsted P. Pivmecillinam versus sulfamethizole for short-term treatment of uncomplicated acute cystitis in general practice: a randomized controlled trial. Scand. J. Prim. Health. Care. 2(1), 6-11 (2009).
42. Christensen B. Which antibiotics are appropriate for treating bacteriuria in pregnancy? J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 46(S1), 29-34 (2000).
43. Ludwig M, Hoyme U, Weidner W. Recurrent urinary tract infection in women. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. Urologe A 45 (4), 436-442 (2006).
44. Gupta K, Scholes D, Stamm WE. Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. JAMA 281(8), 736-738 (1999).
45. Bean DC, Krahe D, Wareham DW. Antimicrobial resistance in community and nosocomial Escherichia coli urinary tract isolated, London 2005-2006. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 7, 13 (2008).
46. Eriksen B. A randomized, open, parallel-group study on the preventive effect of an estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (Estring) on recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 180 (5), 1072-1079 (1999).
47. Falagas ME, Betsi GI, Tokas T, Athanasiou S. Probiotics for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a review of the evidence from microbiological and clinical studies. Drugs 66, 1253-1261 (2006).
48. Barbosa-Cesnik C, Brown MB, Buxton M, Zhang L, Debusscher J, Foxman B. Cranberry juice fails to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin. Infect. Dis. 52(1), 23-30 (2011).
49. Stothers L. A randomized trial to evaluate effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of naturopathic cranberry products as prophylaxis against urinary tract infection in women. Can. J. Urol. 9 (3), 1558-1562 (2002).
50. Howell AB. Bioactive compounds in cranberries and their role in prevention of urinary tract infections. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51(6), 732-737 (2007).
51. Howell AB, Botto H, Combescure C et al. Dosage effect of uropathogenic Escherichia coli anti-adhesion activity in urine following consumption of cranberry powder standardized for proanthocyanidin content: a multicentric randomized double blind study. BMC Infect. Dis. 10, 94 (2010).
52. Perez-Lopez FR, Haya J, Chedraui P. Vaccinium macrocarpon: an interesting option for women with recurrent urinary tract infections and other health benefts. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 35(4), 630-639 (2009).
53. Bueno L, Theodorou V, Sekkal S. Xyloglucan: a new agent to protect the intestinal mucosa and to prevent bacterially-mediated alteration of tight junction permeability. P1675. United European Gastroenterol. J. 2(Suppl. 1), A591 (2014).
54. ® (containing gelatin-xyloglucan) against Escherichia coli invasion of intestinal epithelial cells: results of an in vitro study. Future Microbiol. 11(5), 651-658 (2016).
55. Scaldaferri F, Lopetuso LR, Petito V et al. Gelatin tannate ameliorates acute colitis in mice by reinforcing mucus layer and modulating gut microbiota composition: emerging role for 'gut barrier protectors' in IBD? United European Gastroenterol. J. 2(2), 113-122 (2014).
56. Bueno J, Sekkal S, Theodoru V, Dattilo M. Undissociated gelatin tannate reduces intestinal leakiness and mucosal infammation by forming a protective bioflm: results from in-vitro and in-vivo studies. United European Gastroenterol. 1(Suppl. 1), A75-A76 (2013).
57. Pleasea Condratovici C, Bacarea V, Piqué N. Xyloglucan for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children: results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract. (2016) (In Press).
58. García-Larrosa A, Alexe O. Effcacy and safety of a medical device versus placebo in the early treatment of patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection: a randomised controlled trial. Clin. Microbiol. 5, 1 (2016).
59. Salvatorelli N, Garcia-Larrosa A, Allegrini A, Pavone D. A new approach to the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis: results of a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Urol. Int. 97(3), 347-351 (2016).
60. ® is more effective than placebo in reducing recurrent cystitis. Preliminary results. Presented at: Associazione Urolog Italiana, XXI Congresso Nazionale. Rome, Italy, 4-6 June 2014 (Poster).
61. Ochoa-Brust GJ, Fernandez AR, Villanueva-Ruiz GL, Velasco R, Trujillo-Hernandez B, Vasquez C. Daily intake of 100 mg ascorbic acid as urinary tract infection prophylactic agent during pregnancy. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 86, 783-787 (2007).
62. Castello T, Girona L, Gomez MR, Mena MA, Garcia L. The possible value of ascorbic acid as a prophylactic agent for urinary tract infection. Spinal Cord 34, 592-593 (1996).