Gender and colonialism: Expansion or marginalization?

Historical Journal

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 737-755

  Ghosh, Durba ^a  

^a Department of English   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85014577399     PISSN: 0018246X     EISSN: 14695103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X04003930     Document Type: Article

References (157)

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5. see also Margaret Strobel, European women and the second British empire (Bloomington, IN, 1991).
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13. Anna Davin, ‘Imperialism and motherhood’, in Frederick Cooper and Ann L. Stoler, eds., Tensions of empire: colonial cultures in a bourgeois world (Berkeley, 1997)
14. Procida, Married to the empire, pp. 46–47.
15. Procida, Married to the empire, ch. 5.
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30. Imperial eyes: travel writing and transmigration, ch. 5
31. see also Jennifer Morgan, ‘“Some could suckle over their shoulder”: male travelers, female bodies and the gendering of racial ideology, 1500–1770’, William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 54 (1997), pp. 167–192
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33. Felicity Nussbaum, Torrid zones: maternity, sexuality, and empire in eighteenth-century English narratives (Baltimore, 1995).
34. For a consideration of the pitfalls of such a ‘recovery project’, see Jane Haggis, ‘White women and colonialism: towards a non-recuperative history’, in Claire Midgley, ed., Gender and imperialism (Manchester, 1998)
35. idem, ‘Gendering colonialism or colonizing gender?: Recent women's studies approaches to white women and the history of British colonialism’, Women Studies International Forum, 12 (1990), pp. 105–115.
36. Procida, Married to the empire, p. 158.
37. Frederick Cooper and Ann Stoler, ‘Between metropole and colony: rethinking a research agenda’, in Cooper and Stoler, eds., Tensions of empire
38. Sudipta Sen, Domestic subversions: national imperialism and the origins of British India (London, 2002), pp. xxiv-xxviii
39. Kathleen Wilson, ed. The new imperial history, 1660–1840 (Cambridge, 2003).
40. Antoinette Burton, ‘Introduction’, in Antoinette Burton, ed., Gender, sexuality, and colonial modernities (London, 1999).
41. Antoinette Burton, Burdens of history: British feminists, Indian women and imperial culture, 1865–1915 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1994).
42. Julia Bush, Edwardian ladies and imperial power (Leicester, 2000), see especially, pp. 5–6, ch. 4.
43. Katherine Mayo, Mother India, ed. Mrinalini Sinha (Ann Arbor, 1999)
44. Mrinalini Sinha, ‘Refashioning Mother India: feminism and nationalism in late-colonial India’, Feminist Studies, 26 (2000), pp. 623–644
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46. idem, ‘Reading Mother India: empire, nation, and the female voice’, Journal of Women's History, 6 (1994), pp. 6–44.
47. Claire Midgley, Women against slavery: the British campaigns, 1780–1870 (London, 1995), chs. 5, 7.
48. Ronald Hyam, Empire and sexual opportunity (Manchester, 1991), pp. 16–18, for his criticism of feminist approaches to sexuality.
49. Anne McClintock, Imperial leather: race, gender and sexuality in the colonial contest (New York, 1995), see especially pp. 160–5, 160–5,167–9,223,252–3.
50. Ann L. Stoler, Race and the education of desire: Foucault's History of Sexuality and the colonial Order of Things (Durham, NC, 1995).
51. Ann L. Stoler, Carnal knowledge and imperial power: race and the intimate in colonial rule (Berkeley, 2002).
52. See also Frances Gouda, Dutch culture overseas: colonial practice in the Netherlands Indies, 1900–1942 (Amsterdam, 1995)
53. Jean Gelman Taylor, The social world of Batavia (Madison, WI, 1983).
54. Elizabeth Collingham, Imperial bodies: the physical experience of the Raj, c. 1800–1947 (London, 2001).
55. Philippa Levine, Prostitution, race & politics: policing venereal disease in tlie British empire (New York, 2003)
56. see also Philippa Levine, ‘Venereal disease, prostitution, and the politics of empire: the case of British India’, Journal of the History of Sexuality, 4 (1994), pp. 579–602
57. idem, ‘Rereading the 1890s: venereal disease as “constitutional crisis” in Britain and British India’, Journal of Asian Studies, 55 (1996), pp. 585–612
58. idem, ‘Battle colors: race, sex, and colonial soldiery in World War V, Journal of Women's History, 9 (1998), pp. 104–130
59. idem, ‘Modernity, medicine and colonialism: the contagious diseases ordinances in Hong Kong and the Straits Setdements’, in Burton, ed., Gender, sexuality, and colonial modernities’, Judith Walkowitz, Prostitution and Victorian society (New York, 1980).
60. Joan Scott, Gender and the politics of history (New York, 1988; rev. edn 1999), pp. 15–50.
61. For persuasive arguments as to why masculinity matters, see John Tosh, ‘What should historians do with masculinity? Reflections on nineteenth-century Britain’, History Workshop Journal, 38 (1994), pp. 179–202
62. Mrinalini Sinha, ‘Giving masculinity a history: some contributions from the historiography of colonial India’, Gender and History, 11 (1999), pp. 445–460.
63. John Mackenzie, The empire of hunting: hunting, conservation, and British imperialism (Manchester, 1988)
64. see also idem, ‘The imperial pioneer and hunter and the British masculine stereotype in late Victorian and Edwardian times’, in J. A. Mangan and James Walvin, eds., Manliness and morality: middle-class masculinity in Britain and America, 1800–1940 (Manchester, 1987).
65. J. A. Mangan, The games ethic and imperialism (New York, 1986)
66. see also J. A. Mangan, ‘“The grit of our forefathers”: invented traditions, propaganda and imperialism’
67. Allen Warren, ‘Citizens of the empire: Baden-Powell, scouts and guides and an imperial ideal, 1900–1940’, in John Mackenzie, ed., Imperialism and popular culture (Manchester, 1986).
68. Kathryn Castle, Britannia's children: reading colonialism through children's books (Manchester, 1996).
69. Kathleen M. Brown, Good wives, nasty wenches, and anxious patriarchs: gender, race, and power in colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC, 1996)
70. Elizabeth Thompson, Colonial citizens: republican rights, paternal privilege, and gender in French Syria and Lebanon (New York, 2000).
71. Susan Dwyer Amussen, An ordered society: gender and elms in early modem England (Oxford, 1988)
72. Lynn Hunt, The family romance of the French revolution (Berkeley, 1992)
73. Carole Pateman, The sexual contract (Stanford, CA, 1988).
74. Brown, Good wives, pp. 179–186.
75. See also Nancy Rose Hunt, ‘“Le bebe in brousse”: European women, African birth spacing, and colonial intervention in breastfeeding in the Belgian Congo’, in Cooper and Stoler, eds., Tensions of empire.
76. On gender and citizenship in colonial Latin America, see Hilda Sabato, ‘On political citizenship in nineteenth-century Latin America’, American Historical Review, 106 (2001), pp. 1290–1311.
77. See also Sarah Chambers, From subjects to citizens: honor, gender, and politics in Arequipa, Peru, 1780–1854 (University Park, PA, 1999)
78. Steve J. Stern, The secret history of gender: women, men, and power in late colonial Mexico (Chapel Hill, NC, 1995).
79. Catherine Hall and Leonore Davidoff, Family fortunes: men and women of the English middle class, 1780–1830 (Chicago, 1987).
80. Catherine Hall, Civilizing subjects: metropolis and colony in the English imagination, 1830–1867 (Chicago, 2002)
81. see also Catherine Hall, White, male, and middle class (London, 1992).
82. Kathleen Wilson, The island race: Englishness, empire and gender in the eighteenth century (London, 2003).
83. See also Beth Fowkes Tobin, Picturing imperial power: colonial subjects in eighteenth-century British painting (Durham, NC, 1999)
84. Roxann Wheeler, The complexion of race: categories of difference in eighteenth-century British culture (Philadelphia, 2000) for close examinations of paintings and texts, respectively.
85. Catherine Hall, ed., Cultures of empire: colonizers in Britain and the empire in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Manchester, 2000).
86. See also Midgley, ed., Gender and imperialism.
87. Julia Clancy-Smith and Frances Gouda, eds., Domesticating the empire: race, gender, and family life in French and Dutch colonialism (Charlottesville, 1998).
88. Jean Elisabeth Peterson, ‘“Special customs”: paternity suits and citizenship in France and the colonies, 1870–1912’
89. Alice L. Conklin, ‘Redefining “Frenchness”: citizenship, race regeneration, and imperial motherhood in France and West Africa, 1914–40’, in Clancy-Smith and Gouda, eds., Domesticating the empire.
90. See also Lora Wildenthal, ‘Race, gender, and citizenship in the German colonial empire’, in Cooper and Stoler, eds., Tensions of empire.
91. Yael Simpson Fletcher, ‘Gendered representations of colonial Algeria around 1930’
92. Frances Gouda, ‘Good mothers, Medeas, or Jezebels: feminine imagery in colonial and anticolonial rhetoric in the Dutch East Indies, 1900–1942’, in Clancy-Smith and Gouda, eds., Domesticating the empire.
93. Yael Simpson Fletcher, ‘Unsettling settlers: colonial migrants and racialised sexuality in interwar Marseilles’
94. Frances Gouda, ‘Gender and “hyper-masculinity”∗ as post-colonial modernity during Indonesia's struggle for independence, 1945 to 1949’, in Burton, ed., Gender, sexuality, and colonial modernities.
95. Nayan Shah, ‘Cleansing motherhood: hygiene and the culture of domesticity in San Francisco's Chinatown, 1875–1900’
96. Mary Hancock, ‘Gendering the modern: women and home science in British India’, in Burton, ed., Gender, sexuality, and modernities.
97. See Karen Tranberg Hansen, ed., African encounters with domesticity (New Brunswick, 1992).
98. Timothy Burke, Lifebuoy men and Lux women: commodification, consumption, and cleanliness in modern Zimbabwe (Durham, NC, 1996)
99. see also Timothy Burke, ‘“Fork up and smile”: marketing, colonial knowledge and the female subject in Zimbabwe’, in Nancy Rose Hunt, Tessie Liu, and Jean Quataert, eds., Gendered colonialisms in African history (Oxford, 1997)
100. McClintock, Imperial leather, ch. 5.
101. Dipesh Chakrabarty, ‘The difference-deferral of a colonial modernity: public debates on domesticity in British Bengal’, in Cooper and Stoler, eds., Tensions of empire
102. Rita Smith Kipp, ‘Emancipating each other: Dutch colonial missionaries' encounter with Karo women in Sumatra, 1900–1942’, in Clancy-Smith and Gouda, eds., Domesticating the empire.
103. Ruth Roach Pierson and Nupur Chaudhuri, eds., Nation, empire, colony: historicizinggender and race (Bloomington, IN, 1998).
104. Tamara L. Hunt and Micheline R. Lessard, eds., Women and the colonial gaze (London, 2002).
105. Katherine E. Fleming, ‘Greece in chains: philhellenism to the rescue of the damsel in distress’, in Hunt and Lessard, eds., Women and the colonial gaze.
106. Jiweon Shin, ‘Social construction of idealized images of women in colonial Korea: the “new woman” versus “motherhood”,’ in Hunt and Lessard, eds., Women and the colonial gaze.
107. Ruth Wallis Hemdon, ‘Women as symbols of disorder in early Rhode Island’
108. Veronica Vazquez Garcia, ‘Native women and state legislation in Mexico and Canada: the Agrarian Law and the Indian Act’, in Hunt and Lessard, eds., Women and the colonial gaze.
109. Brown, Good wives
110. Ann Marie Plane, Colonial intimacies: Indian marriage in early New England (Ithaca, NY, 2000)
111. Cornelia Dayton, Women before the bar:gender, law, and society in Connecticut, 1639–1789 (Chapel Hill, 1995).
112. Patricia Grimshaw, ‘Maori agriculturalists and aborigine hunter-gatherers’
113. Marilyn Lake, ‘Frontier feminism and the marauding white man: Australia, 1890s to 1940s’, in Pierson and Chaudhuri, eds., Nation, empire, colony.
114. Angela Woollacott, ‘White colonialism and sexual modernity: Australian women in the early twentieth century metropolis’
115. Enakshi Dua, ‘Racialising imperial Canada: Indian women and the making of ethnic communities’, in Burton, ed., Gender, sexuality, and colonial modernities.
116. See also Angela Woollacott, To try her fortune in London: Australian women, colonialism, and modernity (New York,2001).
117. Lata Mani, ‘Contentious traditions: the debate on sati in colonial India’, in Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid, eds., Recasting women: essays in Indian colonial history (New Brunswick, 1988)
118. idem, Contentious traditions: the debate on sati in colonial India (Berkeley, 1998).
119. Susan Pedersen, ‘National bodies, unspeakable acts: the sexual politics of colonial policymaking’, Journal of Modem History, 63 (1991), pp. 647–680.
120. Lynn M. Thomas, ‘“Ngaitana” (I will circumcise myself): the gender and generational politics of the 1956 ban on clitoridectomy in Meru, Kenya’, in Hunt, Liu, and Quataert, eds., Gendered colonialisms in African history.
121. Martin Chanock, Law, custom and social order: the colonial experience in Malawi and Gambia (Cambridge, 1986).
122. Indrani Chatteijee, Gender, slavery and the law (Delhi, 1999)
123. Radhika Singha, A despotism of law: crime and justice in early colonial India (Delhi, 1998).
124. Flavia Agnes, Law and gender inequality: the politics of women's rights in India (Delhi, 1999).
125. See also Psivedita Menon, ‘Embodying the self: feminism, sexual violence and the law’, in Subaltern studies, XI [New York, 2000).
126. For a broad overview, see Janaki Nair, Women and law in colonial India, a social history [New Delhi, 1996).
127. Rachel Sturman, ‘Family values: refashioning property and family in colonial Bombay presidency, 1818–1937’ (Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis, 2001)
128. G. Arunima, ‘A vindication of the rights of women: families and legal change in nineteenth-century Malabar’, in Michael R. Anderson and Sumit Guha, eds., Changing concepts of rights and justice in South Asia [Delhi, 1998).
129. Partha Chatterjee,‘ The nationalist resolution of the woman question’, in Sangari and Vaid, eds., Recasting women.
130. Malathi de Alwis, ‘“Respectability”, “modernity” and the policing of “culture” in colonial Ceylon’, in Burton, ed., Gender, sexuality
131. Geraldine Heng, ‘“A great way to fly”: nationalism, the state, and the varieties of third-world feminism’, in Jacqui Alexander and Chandra T. Mohanty, eds., Feminist genealogies, colonial legacies, democratic futures (New York, 1997), p. 33.
132. Tanika Sarkar, Hindu wife, Hindu nation: community, religion, and cultural nationalism (London, 2001),P.7.
133. Hindu wife, Hindu nation: community, religion, and cultural nationalism, ch. 3
134. see also Kamala Visweswaran, ‘Small speeches, subaltern gender: nationalist ideology and its historiography’, in Subaltern studies, ix (New Delhi. 1996). pp. 85–90.
135. Sarkar, Hindu wife, p. 44.
136. Hindu wife, p. 23, and chs. 2, 6.
137. See Visweswaran, ‘Small speeches’; Ranajit Guha, ‘Chandra's death’, in Subaltern Studies, v (New Delhi, 1987).
138. Pradeep Jeganathan, ‘A space for violence: anthropology, politics, and the location of a Sinhala practice of masculinity’, in Subaltern studies, XI.
139. Luise White, ‘Separating the men from the boys: constructions of gender, sexuality, and terrorism in central Kenya, 1939–1959’, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 23 (1990), pp. 1–25
140. essays in the special issue on ‘Masculinities in Southern Africa’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 24 (1998), pp. 605–630
141. Brian Keith Axel, The nation's tortured body: violence, representation, and the foundation of a Sikh ‘diaspora’ (Durham, NC, 2000).
142. Tejaswini Niranjana, ‘Nationalism refigured: contemporary south Indian cinema and the subject of feminism’
143. Qadri Ismail, ‘Constituting nation, contesting nationalism: the southern Tamil (woman) and separatist Tamil nationalism in Sri Lanka’, in Subaltern studies, XI.
144. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, ‘Discussion: an afterword on the new subaltern’, in Subaltern studies, XI, p. 305.
145. The field also seems to have failed to integrate women scholars into the field: see Shula Marks, ‘History, the nation and empire: sniping from the periphery’, History Workshop Journal, 29 (1990), p. 112 n. 7.
146. See also Bonnie Smith, The gender of history: men, women, and historicalpractice (Cambridge, MA, 1998), esp. ch. 3.
147. Roger Louis, editor-in-chief, Oxford history of the British empire (OHBE) (5 vols., Oxford, 1998).
148. R. Butlin, Journal of Historical Geography, 28 (2002), pp. 118–124
149. Dane Kennedy, International History Review, 23 (2001), pp. 604–622
150. Stephen Howe, ‘The slow deaths and strange rebirths of imperial history’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 29 (2001), pp. 131–141
151. Antoinette Burton, Victorian Studies, 44 (2001), pp. 167–169.
152. Howe, ‘Slow deaths and strange rebirths’, p. 138
153. Kennedy, in International History Review, 23 (2001), p. 619.
154. Rosalind O'Hanlon,‘ Gender in the British Empire’, in OHBE, IV, pp. 379–397.
155. P.J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins acknowledge that the issue of gender might have enlarged their understanding of'gendemanly’, but conclude that it would not ‘disturb our main findings’. British imperialism, 1688–2000 (London, 2002), pp. 12–13.
156. Robin Winks, ‘The future of imperial history’, in OHBE, v, p. 665.
157. Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Feminism without borders: decolonizing theory, practicing solidarity (Durham, NC, 2003), pp. 202–217.