Standardization and Security for Smart Grid Communications Based on Cognitive Radio Technologies - A Comprehensive Survey

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 423-445

  Le, Trong Nghia ^a   Chin, Wen Long ^b   Chen, Hsiao Hwa ^b  

^a LE QUY DON TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Viet Nam)

^b NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Cognitive radio; communication network; security; smart grid; standards

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; COGNITIVE RADIO; EARTH (PLANET); GAS EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES; NETWORK SECURITY; RADIO COMMUNICATION; SMART POWER GRIDS; STANDARDIZATION; STANDARDS; TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS;

COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK; COGNITIVE RADIO TECHNOLOGIES; COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURES; COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE; SECURITY; SMART GRID; SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS; TWO WAY COMMUNICATIONS;

ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION NETWORKS;

EID: 85014078919     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1553877X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2613892     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. IEEE Vision for Smart Grid Communications: 2030 and Beyond, IEEE Smart Grid Res., New York, NY, USA, May 2013.
2. V. C. Gungor, B. Lu, and G. P. Hancke, "Opportunities and challenges of wireless sensor networks in smart grid," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 3557-3564, Oct. 2010.
3. U.S. Department of Energy. Accessed on Aug. 4, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.oe.energy.gov
4. A. Y. Saber and G. K. Venayagamoorthy, "Plug-in vehicles and renewable energy sources for cost and emission reductions," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1229-1238, Apr. 2011.
5. M. Erol-Kantarci and H. T. Mouftah, "Wireless multimedia sensor and actor networks for the next generation power grid," Ad Hoc Netw., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 542-551, Jun. 2011.
6. C. Cecati, C. Citro, A. Piccolo, and P. Siano, "Smart operation of wind turbines and diesel generators according to economic criteria," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 4514-4525, Oct. 2011.
7. J. Huang, H. Wang, and Y. Qian, "Smart grid communications in challenging environments," in Proc. IEEE 3rd Int. Conf. Smart Grid Commun. (SmartGridComm), Tainan, Taiwan, Nov. 2012, pp. 552-557.
8. G. W. Arnold, "Challenges and opportunities in smart grid: A position article," Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 922-927, Jun. 2011.
9. V. C. Gungor et al., "Smart grid technologies: Communication technologies and standards," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 529-539, Nov. 2011.
10. N. Komninos, E. Philippou, and A. Pitsillides, "Survey in smart grid and smart home security: Issues, challenges and countermeasures," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1933-1954, 4th Quart., 2014.
11. Y. Yan, Y. Qian, H. Sharif, and D. Tipper, "A survey on cyber security for smart grid communications," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 998-1010, 4th Quart., 2012.
12. A. Ghassemi, S. Bavarian, and L. Lampe, "Cognitive radio for smart grid communications," in Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Conf. Smart Grid Commun. (SmartGridComm), Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Oct. 2010, pp. 297-302.
13. R. C. Qiu et al., "Cognitive radio network for the smart grid: Experimental system architecture, control algorithms, security, and microgrid testbed," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 724-740, Dec. 2011.
14. R. Yu et al., "Cognitive radio based hierarchical communications infrastructure for smart grid," IEEE Netw., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 6-14, Sep./Oct. 2011.
15. "Spectrum policy task force report," Federal Commun. Comm., Washington, DC, USA, Tech. Rep. 02-135, 2002.
16. I. F. Akyildiz, W. Y. Lee, M. C. Vuran, and S. Mohanty, "Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey," Comput. Netw. J., vol. 50, pp. 2127-2159, Sep. 2006.
17. V. C. Gungor and D. Sahin, "Cognitive radio networks for smart grid applications: A promising technology to overcome spectrum inefficiency," IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 41-46, Jun. 2012.
18. K. Tan, K. Kim, Y. Xin, S. Rangarajan, and P. Mohapatra, "RECOG: A sensing-based cognitive radio system with real-time application support," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 2504-2516, Nov. 2013.
19. J. Mitola, III, "Cognitive radio: An integrated agent architecture for software defined radio," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Teleinformat., Roy. Inst. Technol. (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, May 2000.
20. W.-L. Chin, C.-W. Kao, and Y. Qian, "Spectrum sensing of OFDM signals over multipath fading channels and practical considerations for cognitive radios," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 2349-2360, Apr. 2016.
21. W.-L. Chin, J.-M. Li, and H.-H. Chen, "Low complexity energy detection for spectrum sensing with random arrivals of primary users," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 947-952, Feb. 2016.
22. W.-L. Chin and J.-M. Li, "Spectrum sensing scheme for overlay cognitive radio networks," IET Electron. Lett., vol. 51, no. 19, pp. 1552-1554, Sep. 2015.
23. W.-L. Chin, C.-W. Kao, H.-H. Chen, and T.-L. Liao, "Iterative synchronization assisted detection of OFDM signals in cognitive radio systems," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 1633-1644, May 2014.
24. H. Xin, Z. Qu, J. Seuss, and A. Maknouninejad, "A self-organizing strategy for power flow control of photovoltaic generators in a distribution network," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1462-1473, Aug. 2011.
25. A. D. Dominguez-Garcia, C. N. Hadjicostis, and N. H. Vaidya, "Resilient networked control of distributed energy resources," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1137-1148, Jul. 2012.
26. M. Shahraeini, M. H. Javidi, and M. S. Ghazizadeh, "Comparison between communication infrastructures of centralized and decentralized wide area measurement systems," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 206-211, Mar. 2011.
27. S. Zhang and V. Vittal, "Design of wide-area power system damping controllers resilient to communication failures," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 4292-4300, Nov. 2013.
28. S. Liu, X. P. Liu, and A. E. Saddik, "Modeling and distributed gain scheduling strategy for load frequency control in smart grids with communication topology changes," ISA Trans., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 454-461, Mar. 2014.
29. J. Liu, A. Gusrialdi, S. Hirche, and A. Monti, "Joint controllercommunication topology design for distributed wide area damping control of power system," in Proc. 18th IFAC World Congr., Milan, Italy, Aug. 2011, pp. 519-525.
30. S. Liu, P. X. Liu, and A. El Saddik, "Modeling and stability analysis of automatic generation control over cognitive radio networks in smart grids," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., Syst., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 223-234, Feb. 2015.
31. H. Wang, Y. Qian, and H. Sharif, "Multimedia communications over cognitive radio networks for smart grid applications," IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 125-132, Aug. 2013.
32. X. Ma, H. Li, and S. Djouadi, "Networked system state estimation in smart grid over cognitive radio infrastructures," in Proc. 45th Annu. Conf. Inf. Sci. Syst. (CISS), Baltimore, MD, USA, Mar. 2011, pp. 1-5.
33. S. Bu, F. R. Yu, and Y. Qian, "Energy-efficient cognitive heterogeneous networks powered by the smart grid," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Turin, Italy, Apr. 2013, pp. 980-988.
34. J. Zhou, R. Q. Hu, and Y. Qian, "Traffic scheduling for smart grid in rural areas with cognitive radios," in Proc. IEEE Glob. Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), Anaheim, CA, USA, Dec. 2012, pp. 5172-5176.
35. J. Huang, H. Wang, Y. Qian, and C. Wang, "Priority-based traffic scheduling and utility optimization for cognitive radio communication infrastructure-based smart grid," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 78-86, Mar. 2013.
36. S. Xu et al., "A QoS-aware packet scheduling mechanism in cognitive radio networks for smart grid applications," China Commun., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 68-78, Feb. 2016.
37. A. Boustani, M. Jadliwala, H. M. Kwon, and N. Alamatsaz, "Optimal resource allocation in cognitive smart grid networks," in Proc. 12th Annu. IEEE Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf. (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jan. 2015, pp. 499-506.
38. H. B. Yilmaz, T. Tugcu, F. Alagöz, and S. Bayhan, "Radio environment map as enabler for practical cognitive radio networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 162-169, Dec. 2013.
39. Y. Chen and H.-S. Oh, "A survey of measurement-based spectrum occupancy modeling for cognitive radios," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 848-859, 1st Quart., 2016.
40. Y. Saleem and M. H. Rehmani, "Primary radio user activity models for cognitive radio networks: A Survey," J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 43, pp. 1-16, Aug. 2014.
41. V. Dehalwar, M. Kolhe, and S. Kolhe, "Cognitive radio application for smart grid," Int. J. Smart Grid Clean Energy, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 79-84, Sep. 2012.
42. M. Yigit, V. C. Gungor, and S. Baktir, "Cloud computing for smart grid applications," Comput. Netw., vol. 70, pp. 312-329, Sep. 2014.
43. R. Ma, H.-H. Chen, Y.-R. Huang, and W. Meng, "Smart grid communication: Its challenges and opportunities," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 36-46, Mar. 2013.
44. W. Meng, R. Ma, and H.-H. Chen, "Smart grid neighborhood area networks: A survey," IEEE Netw., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 24-32, Jan./Feb. 2014.
45. V. Kouhdaragh, D. Tarchi, A. V. Coralli, and G. E. Corazza, "Cognitive radio based smart grid networks," in Proc. Tyrrhenian Int. Workshop Digit. Commun. Green ICT (TIWDC), Genoa, Italy, Sep. 2013, pp. 1-6.
46. Z. A. Khan and Y. Faheem, "Cognitive radio sensor networks: Smart communication for smart grids - A case study of Pakistan," Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 40, pp. 463-474, Dec. 2014.
47. C.-S. Sum, H. Harada, F. Kojima, L. Zhou, and R. Funada, "Smart utility networks in TV white space," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 132-139, Jul. 2011.
48. A. A. Khan, M. H. Rehmani, and M. Reisslein, "Cognitive radio for smart grids: Survey of architectures, spectrum sensing mechanisms, and networking protocols," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 860-898, 1st Quart., 2016.
49. H. Farhangi, "The path of the smart grid," IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 18-28, Jan./Feb. 2010.
50. NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0, NIST Special Publication 1108, Off. Nat. Coordinat. Smart Grid Interoperab., Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 2010.
51. J. Wang, M. Ghosh, and K. Challapali, "Emerging cognitive radio applications: A survey," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 74-81, Mar. 2011.
52. Vineeta and J. K. Thathagar, "Cognitive radio communication architecture in smart grid reconfigurability," in Proc. Int. Conf. Emerg. Tech. Trends Electr. Commun. Netw. (ET2ECN), Gujarat, India, Dec. 2012, pp. 1-6.
53. Y. Han, J. Wang, Q. Zhao, and P. Han, "Cognitive information communication network for smart grid," in Proc. Int. Conf. Inf. Sci. Technol. (ICIST), Wuhan, China, Mar. 2012, pp. 847-850.
54. J. Gao, J. Wang, B. Wang, and X. Song "Cognitive radio based communication network architecture for smart grid," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Inf. Sci. Technol. (ICIST), Wuhan, China, Mar. 2012, pp. 886-888.
55. S. Kim, "Biform game based cognitive radio scheme for smart grid communications," J. Commun. Netw., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 614-618, Dec. 2012.
56. F. Liu, J. Wang, Y. Han, and P. Han, "Cognitive radio networks for smart grid communications," in Proc. 9th Asian Control Conf. (ASCC), Istanbul, Turkey, Jun. 2013, pp. 1-5.
57. R. Yu, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, L. Zhou, and K. Yang, "Hybrid spectrum access in cognitive-radio-based smart-grid communications systems," IEEE Syst. J., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 577-587, Jun. 2014.
58. R. Yu, W. Zhong, S. Xie, Y. Zhang, and Y. Zhang, "QoS differential scheduling in cognitive-radio-based smart grid networks: An adaptive dynamic programming approach," IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 435-443, Feb. 2016.
59. A. Aijaz and A.-H. Aghvami, "PRMA-based cognitive machine-tomachine communications in smart grid networks," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 3608-3623, Aug. 2015.
60. A. A. Sreesha, S. Somal, and I.-T. Lu, "Cognitive radio based wireless sensor network architecture for smart grid utility," in Proc. IEEE Syst. Appl. Technol. Conf. (LISAT), Farmingdale, NY, USA, Dec. 2011, pp. 1-7.
61. A. Aijaz, S. Ping, M. R. Akhavan, and A. H. Aghvami, "CRB-MAC: A receiver-based MAC protocol for cognitive radio equipped smart grid sensor networks," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 4325-4333, Dec. 2014.
62. K. Yang, J. Zhang, and H. Chen, "A flexible QoS-aware service gateway for heterogeneous wireless networks," IEEE Netw., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 6-12, Mar./Apr. 2007.
63. J. Kabouris and F. D. Kanellos, "Impacts of large-scale wind penetration on designing and operation of electric power systems," IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 107-114, Jul. 2010.
64. D. Backer, "Power quality and asset management the other two-thirds of AMI value," in Proc. IEEE Rural Elect. Power Conf., Rapid City, SD, USA, May 2007, pp. 6-8.
65. S. Rusitschka, K. Eger, and C. Gerdes, "Smart grid data cloud: A model for utilizing cloud computing in the smart grid domain," in Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Conf. Smart Grid Commun., Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Oct. 2010, pp. 483-488.
66. S.-W. Luan, J.-H. Teng, S.-Y. Chan, and L.-C. Hwang, "Development of a smart power meter for AMI based on ZigBee communication," in Proc. Int. Conf. Power Electron. Drive Syst., Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 2009, pp. 661-665.
67. W. Luan, D. Sharp, and S. Lancashire, "Smart grid communication network capacity planning for power utilities," in Proc. IEEE PES Transm. Distrib. Conf. Expo., New Orleans, LA, USA, Apr. 2010, pp. 1-4.
68. B. Reid, "Oncor electric delivery smart grid initiative," in Proc. 62nd Annu. Conf. Protect. Relay Eng., Austin, TX, USA, 2009, pp. 8-15.
69. B. Lu and V. C. Gungor, "Online and remote energy monitoring and fault diagnostics for industrial motor systems using wireless sensor networks," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 4651-4659, Nov. 2009.
70. P. Yi, A. Iwayemi, and C. Zhou, "Developing ZigBee deployment guideline under WiFi interference for smart grid applications," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 110-120, Mar. 2011.
71. A. Aijaz, H. Su, and A. H. Aghvami, "CORPL: A routing protocol for cognitive radio enabled AMI networks," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 477-485, Jan. 2015.
72. T. Winter, IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks, Internet Eng. Task Force, Fremont, CA, USA, Mar. 2012.
73. K. Nagothu, B. Kelley, M. Jamshidi, and A. Rajaee, "Persistent Net-AMI for microgrid infrastructure using cognitive radio on cloud data centers," IEEE Syst. J., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 4-15, Mar. 2012.
74. S. Chang, K. Nagothu, B. Kelley, and M. M. Jamshidi, "A beamforming approach to smart grid systems based on cloud cognitive radio," IEEE Syst. J., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 461-470, Jun. 2014.
75. Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Policies and Procedures for Operation in the TV Bands, IEEE Standard 802.22, Jul. 2011.
76. B. Li, B. Zhang, J. Guo, and J. Yao, "Study on cognitive radio based wireless access communication of power line and substation monitoring system of smart grid," in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. Service Syst. (CSSS), Nanjing, China, Aug. 2012, pp. 1146-1149.
77. H. Zhang, A. Gladisch, M. Pickavet, Z. Tao, and W. Mohr, "Energy efficiency in communications," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 48-49, Nov. 2010.
78. G. Gur and F. Alagoz, "Green wireless communications via cognitive dimension: An overview," IEEE Netw., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 50-56, Mar./Apr. 2011.
79. F. R. Yu, P. Zhang, W. Xiao, and P. Choudhury, "Communication systems for grid integration of renewable energy resources," IEEE Netw., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 22-29, Sep./Oct. 2011.
80. X. Kang, R. Zhang, and M. Motani, "Price-based resource allocation for spectrum-sharing femtocell networks: A Stackelberg game approach," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 538-549, Apr. 2012.
81. S. Bu and F. R. Yu, "Green cognitive mobile networks with small cells for multimedia communications in the smart grid environment," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 2115-2126, Jun. 2014.
82. Y. Narahari, D. Garg, R. Narayanam, and H. Prakash, Game Theoretic Problems in Network Economics and Mechanism Design Solutions. London, U.K.: Springer, 2009.
83. C. E. Shannon, "Communication in the presence of noise," Proc. IRE, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 10-21, Jan. 1949.
84. Q. D. Vo, J.-P. Choi, H. M. Chang, and W. C. Lee, "Green perspective cognitive radio-based M2M communications for smart meters," in Proc. Int. Conf. Inf. Commun. Technol. Converg. (ICTC), Nov. 2010, pp. 382-383.
85. G. A. Shah, V. C. Gungor, and O. B. Akan, "A cross-layer QoSaware communication framework in cognitive radio sensor networks for smart grid applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1477-1485, Aug. 2013.
86. R. Deng et al., "Sensing-performance tradeoff in cognitive radio enabled smart grid," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 302-310, Mar. 2013.
87. Q. Li, Z. Feng, W. Li, T. A. Gulliver, and P. Zhang, "Joint spatial and temporal spectrum sharing for demand response management in cognitive radio enabled smart grid," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1993-2001, Jul. 2014.
88. S.-P. Yeh, S. Talwar, G. Wu, N. Himayat, and K. Johnsson, "Capacity and coverage enhancement in heterogeneous networks," IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 32-38, Jun. 2011.
89. Y. Sun, C. Phillips, S. Wang, and J. Bai, "An improved QoS awareness scheduling scheme for CR mobile ad hoc networks," in Proc. Wireless Telecommun. Symp. (WTS), Phoenix, AZ, USA, Apr. 2013, pp. 1-6.
90. R. Yao, Y. Liu, J. Liu, P. Zhao, and S. Ci, "Perceptual experience oriented transmission scheduling for scalable video streaming over cognitive radio networks," in Proc. IEEE Glob. Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), Atlanta, GA, USA, Dec. 2013, pp. 1681-1686.
91. S. Rohjans et al., "Survey of smart grid standardization studies and recommendations," in Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Conf. Smart Grid Commun. (SmartGridComm), Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Oct. 2010, pp. 583-588.
92. A. N. Mody, M. J. Sherman, R. Martinez, R. Reddy, and T. Kiernan, "Survey of IEEE standards supporting cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access," in Proc. IEEE Milit. Commun. Conf. (MILCOM), San Diego, CA, USA, Nov. 2008, pp. 1-7.
93. C. Cordeiro, K. Challapali, D. Birru, and S. Shankar, "IEEE 802.22: The first worldwide wireless standard based on cognitive radios," in Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Symp. New Frontiers Dyn. Spectr. Access Netw. (DySPAN), Baltimore, MD, USA, Nov. 2005, pp. 328-337.
94. Working Group on Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN), IEEE Standard 802.22, 2009.
95. Official IEEE 802.11 Working Group Project Timelines. Accessed on Aug. 5, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/ 802/11/Reports/802.11-Timelines.htm
96. Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Amendment 4: Physical Layer Specifications for Low Data Rate Wireless Smart Metering Utility Networks, IEEE Standard P802.15.4g/D4, Apr. 2011.
97. T. S. Ganesh, Netgear R7500 Nighthawk X4 Integrates Quantenna 4x4 AC Radio and Qualcomm IPQ8064 SoC, AnandTech, New York, NY, USA, Sep. 2014.
98. H. Zhang, G. Guan, and X. Zang, "The design of insulation online monitoring system based on Bluetooth technology and IEEE1451.5," in Proc. Int. Conf. Power Eng., Singapore, Dec. 2007, pp. 1287-1291.
99. C. Gezer and C. Buratti, "A ZigBee smart energy implementation for energy efficient buildings," in Proc. IEEE 73rd Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC), Yokohama, Japan, May 2011, pp. 1-5.
100. T.-H. Wang and H.-H. Chen, "Channel discovery algorithms for interference avoidance in smart grid communication networks - A survey," Wireless Commun. Mobile Comput., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 427-440, Oct. 2014.
101. D. Cavalcanti, S. Das, W. Jianfeng, and K. Challapali, "Cognitive radio based wireless sensor networks," in Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Netw. (ICCCN), Aug. 2008, pp. 1-6.
102. V. Aravinthan, V. Namboodiri, S. Sunku, and W. Jewell, "Wireless AMI application and security for controlled home area networks," in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, San Diego, CA, USA, 2011, pp. 1-8.
103. A. Lazakidou, K. Siassiakos, and K. Ioannou, Security in Smart Home Environment. Hershey, PA, USA: Medical Inf. Sci., 2010, pp. 170-191.
104. F. M. Cleveland, "Cyber security issues for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)," in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting Convers. Del. Elect. Energy 21st Century, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Jul. 2008, pp. 1-5.
105. A. R. Metke and R. L. Ekl, "Security technology for smart grid networks," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 99-107, Jun. 2010.
106. A. R. Metke and R. L. Ekl, "Smart grid security technology," in Proc. Innov. Smart Grid Technol. (ISGT), Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Jan. 2010, pp. 1-7.
107. Z. Fan et al., "Smartgrid communications: Overview of research challenges, solutions, and standardization activities," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 21-38, 1st Quart., 2013.
108. M. Fouda, Z. Fadlullah, N. Kato, R. Lu, and X. S. Shen, "A lightweight message authentication scheme for smart grid communications," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 675-685, Dec. 2011.
109. W. L. Chin, Y. H. Lin, and H. H. Chen, "A framework of machineto-machine authentication in smart grid: A two-layer approach," IEEE Commun. Mag., to be published.
110. D. Wei et al., Power Infrastructure Security: Fundamental Insights of Potential Cyber Attacks and Their Impacts on the Power Grid, DoE Off. Elect. Del. Energy Rel., Washington, DC, USA, 2010, pp. 1-3.
111. D. Kundur, X. Feng, S. Liu, T. Zourntos, and K. L. Butler-Purry, "Toward a framework for cyber attack impact analysis of the electric smart grid," in Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Conf. Smart Grid Commun., Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Oct. 2010, pp. 244-249.
112. Y. Liu, P. Ning, and M. K. Reiter, "False data injection attacks against state estimation in electric power grids," ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Security, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-12, Nov. 2009.
113. Z.-H. Yu and W.-L. Chin, "Blind false data injection attack using PCA approximation method in smart grid," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1219-1226, May 2015.
114. S. Bi and Y. J. Zhang, "Defending mechanisms against false-data injection attacks in the power system state estimation," in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, Houston, TX, USA, 2011, pp. 1162-1167.
115. T. T. Kim and H. V. Poor, "Strategic protection against data injection attacks on power grids," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 326-333, Jun. 2011.
116. C. Stevenson et al., "IEEE 802.22: The first cognitive radio wireless regional area network standard," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 130-138, Jan. 2009.
117. M. Sherman, A. Mody, R. Martinez, C. Rodriguez, and R. Reddy, "IEEE standards supporting cognitive radio and networks, dynamic spectrum access, and coexistence," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 72-79, Jul. 2008.
118. Z. Shu, Y. Qian, and S. Ci, "On physical layer security for cognitive radio networks," IEEE Netw., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 28-33, May/Jun. 2013.
119. S. Parvin et al., "Cognitive radio network security: A survey," J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1691-1708, Nov. 2012.
120. Z. Shu, Y. Yang, Y. Qian, and R. Q. Hu, "Impact of interference on secrecy capacity in a cognitive radio network," in Proc. IEEE Glob. Telecommun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), Houston, TX, USA, Dec. 2011, pp. 1-6.
121. R. Chen, J.-M. Park, and J. H. Reed, "Defense against primary user emulation attacks in cognitive radio networks," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 25-37, Jan. 2008.
122. A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005.
123. W.-L. Chin, T. N. Le, and C.-L. Tseng, "Authentication scheme for mobile OFDM based on security information technology of physical layer over time-variant and multipath fading channels," Inf. Sci., vol. 321, pp. 238-249, Nov. 2015.
124. W. L. Chin et al., "Cooperative detection of primary user emulation attacks based on channel-tap power in mobile cognitive radio networks," Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 263-274, Apr. 2014.
125. M. Basharat, W. Ejaz, and S. H. Ahmed, "Securing cognitive radio enabled smart grid systems against cyber attacks," in Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Anti-Cybercrime (ICACC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Nov. 2015, pp. 1-6.
126. R. Ranganathan et al., "Cognitive radio for smart grid: Theory, algorithms, and security," Int. J. Digit. Multimedia Broadcast., vol. 2011, Mar. 2011, Art. no. 502087.
127. P. P. Parikh, M. G. Kanabar, and T. S. Sidhu, "Opportunities and challenges of wireless communication technologies for smart grid applications," in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, USA, Jul. 2010, pp. 1-7.
128. H. Khayami, M. Ghassemi, K. Ardekani, B. Maham, and W. Saad, "Cognitive radio ad hoc networks for smart grid communications: A disaster management approach," in Proc. Int. Conf. Commun. China (ICCC), Xi'an, China, Aug. 2013, pp. 716-721.
129. J. Hoadley and P. Maveddat, "Enabling small cell deployment with HetNet," IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 4-5, Apr. 2012.
130. T. N. Le, W.-L. Chin, and W.-C. Kao, "Cross-layer design for primary user emulation attacks detection in mobile cognitive radio networks," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 799-802, May 2015.
131. C. N. Mathur and K. P. Subbalakshmi, "Digital signatures for centralized DSA networks," in Proc. 1st IEEE Workshop Cogn. Radio Netw., Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jan. 2007, pp. 1037-1041.