Electrochemical treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate: Insights into mechanisms and application to groundwater treatment

Chemical Engineering Journal

Volumn 317, Issue , 2017, Pages 424-432

  Schaefer, Charles E ^a   Andaya, Christina ^b   Burant, Aniela ^c   Condee, Charles W ^b   Urtiaga, Ana ^d   Strathmann, Timothy J ^c   Higgins, Christopher P ^c  

^a CDM SMITH   (United States)

^b CB I Federal Services   (United States)

^c Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CANTABRIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Boron doped diamond; Electrochemical; Groundwater; PFOA; PFOS

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOLS; BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; ELECTRODES; ELECTROLYTES; GROUNDWATER; INORGANIC COMPOUNDS; NANOCRYSTALS; SCAVENGING; SURFACE REACTIONS;

BORON DOPED DIAMOND; BORON-DOPED DIAMOND ANODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENTS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PFOA; PFOS;

WATER TREATMENT;

EID: 85014032247     PISSN: 13858947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.02.107     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. [1] Schultz, M.M., Barofsky, D.F., Field, J.A., Quantitative determination of fluorotelomer sulfonates in groundwater by LC MS/MS. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004), 1828–1835.
2. [2] McGuire, M.E., Schaefer, C.E., Richards, T., Backe, W.J., Field, J.A., Houtz, E., Sedlak, D.L., Guelfo, J., Wunsch, A., Higgins, C.P., Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) distribution at a former firefighter training area. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48 (2014), 6644–6652.
3. [3] United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Fact Sheet: PFOA & PFOS Drinking Water Health Advisories. 2016, EPA 800-F-16-03.
4. [4] Hu, X.C., Andrews, D.Q., Lindstrom, A.B., Bruton, T.A., Schaider, L.A., Grandjean, P., Lohmann, R., Carignan, C.C., Blum, A., Balan, S.A., Higgins, C.P., Sunderland, E.M., Detection of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. drinking water linked to industrial sites, military fire training areas, and wastewater treatment plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 3 (2016), 344–350.
5. [5] Zhuo, Q., Deng, S., Yang, B., Huang, J., Yu, G., Efficient electrochemical oxidation of perfluorooctanoate using a Ti/SnO2-Sb-Bi anode. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 (2011), 2973–2979.
6. [6] Schaefer, C.E., Andaya, C., Urtiaga, A., McKenzie, E.R., Higgins, C.P., Electrochemical treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in groundwater impacted by aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs). J. Hazard. Mater. 295 (2015), 170–175.
7. [7] Yang, B., Jiang, C., Yu, G., Deng, S., Wu, J., Zhang, H., Zhuo, Q., Highly efficient electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by F-doped Ti/SnO2electrode. J. Hazard. Mater. 299 (2015), 417–424.
8. [8] Carter, K.E., Farrell, J., Oxidative destruction of perfluorooctane sulfonate using boron-doped diamond film electrodes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2008), 6111–6115.
9. [9] Ochiai, T., Iizuka, Y., Nakata, K., Murakami, T., Tryk, D.A., Fujishima, A., Koide, Y., Morito, Y., Efficient electrochemical decomposition of perfluorocarboxylic acids by the use of a boron-doped diamond electrode. Diamond Relat. Mater. 20 (2011), 64–67.
10. [10] Urtiaga, A., Fernandez-Gonzalez, C., Gomez-Lavin, S., Ortiz, I., Kinetics of the electrochemical mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid on ultrananocrystalline boron doped conductive diamond electrodes. Chemosphere 129 (2015), 20–26.
11. [11] Enache, T.A., Chiorcea-Paquim, A.-M., Fatibelloe-Filho, O., Oliveira-Brett, A.M., Hydroxyl radicals electrochemically generated in situ on a boron-doped diamond electrode. Electrochem. Commun. 11 (2009), 1342–1345.
12. [12] Trautmann, A.M., Schell, H., Schmidt, K.R., Mangold, K.-M., Tiehm, A., Electrochemical degradation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater. Water Sci. Technol. 143 (2015), 1569–1575.
13. [13] Azizi, O., Hubler, D., Schrader, G., Farrell, J., Chaplin, B.P., Mechanism of perchlorate formation on boron-doped diamond film anodes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 (2011), 10582–10590.
14. [14] Donaghue, A., Chaplin, B.P., Effect of select organic compounds on perchlorate formation at boron-doped diamond film anodes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 (2013), 12391–12399.
15. [15] Schaefer, C.E., Fuller, M., Condee, C., Lowey, J., Hatzinger, P., Comparison of biotic and abiotic treatment approaches for the co-mingled perchlorate, nitrate, and nitramine explosives in groundwater. J. Contam. Hydrol. 89 (2007), 231–250.
16. [16] Sturchio, N.C., Böhlke, J.K., Beloso, A.D. Jr., Streger, S.H., Heraty, L.J., Hatzinger, P.B., Oxygen and chlorine isotopic fractionation during perchlorate biodegradation: laboratory results and implications for forensics and natural attenuation studies. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007), 2796–2802.
17. [17] Murata, M., Ivandini, T.A., Shibata, M., Nomura, S., Fujishima, A., Einaga, Y., Electrochemical detection of free chlorine at highly boron-doped diamond electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 612 (2008), 29–36.
18. [18] Zhuo, Q., Deng, S., Yang, B., Huang, J., Wang, B., Zhang, T., Yu, G., Degradation of perfluorinated compounds on a boron-doped diamond electrode. Electrochim. Acta 77 (2012), 17–22.
19. [19] Niu, J., Lin, H., Gong, C., Sun, X., Theoretical and experimental insights into the electrochemical mineralization mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 (2013), 14341–14349.
20. [20] Backe, W.J., Day, T.C., Field, J.A., Zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic fluorinated chemicals in aqueous film forming foam formulations and groundwater from U.S. military bases by nonaqueous large-volume injection HPLC-MS/MS. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 (2013), 5226–5234.
21. [21] Moody, C.A., Hebert, G.N., Strauss, S.H., Field, J.A., Occurrence and persistence of perfluorooctanesulfonate and other perfluorinated surfactants in groundwater at a fire-training area at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, USA. J. Environ. Monit. 5 (2003), 341–345.
22. [22] Barzen-Hanson, K.A., Field, J.A., Discovery and implications of C2and C3perfluoroalkyl sulfonates in aqueous film-forming foams and groundwater. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2 (2015), 95–99.
23. [23] Anderson, R.H., Long, G.C., Porter, R.C., Anderson, J.K., Occurrence of select perfluoroalkyl substances at U.S. Air Force aqueous film-forming foam release sites other than fire-training areas: field-validation of critical fate and transport properties. Chemosphere 150 (2016), 678–685.
24. [24] Rajic, L., Fallahpour, N., Nazari, R., Alshoawabkeh, A.N., Influence of humic substances on electrochemical degradation of trichloroethylene in limestone aquifers. Electrochim. Acta 181 (2015), 1123–1129.
25. [25] Schmalz, V., Dittmar, T., Haaken, D., Worch, E., Electrochemical disinfection of biologically treated wastewater from small treatment systems by using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Water Res. 43 (2009), 5260–5266.
26. [26] Farhan, Y.H., Hatzinger, P.B., Modeling the biodegradation kinetics of perchlorate in the presence of oxygen and nitrate as competing electron receptors. Biorem. J. 13 (2009), 65–78.
27. [27] Fogler, H.S., Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering. 2014, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
28. [28] Bergmann, M.E.H., Rollin, J., Iourtchouk, T., The occurrence of perchlorate during drinking water electrolysis using BDD anodes. Electrochim. Acta 54 (2009), 2102–2107.
29. [29] Bergmann, M.E.H., Iourtchouk, T., Schmidt, W., Hartmann, J., Fischer, M., Nüsske, G., Gerngroβ, D., Laboratory- and technical –scale comparison of chlorate and perchlorate formation during drinking water electrolysis: a field study. J. Appl. Electrochem. 45 (2015), 765–778.
30. [30] Jeong, J., Kim, C., Yoon, J., The effect of electrode material on the generation of oxidants and microbial inactivation in the electrochemical disinfection process. Water Res. 43 (2009), 895–901.
31. [31] Niu, J., Lin, H., Xu, J., Wu, H., Li, Y., Electrochemical mineralization of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) by Ce-doped modified porous nanocrystalline PbO2film electrode. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46 (2012), 10191–10198.
32. [32] Costa, C.R., Montilla, F., Morallón, E., Olivi, P., Electrochemical oxidation of acid black 210 dye on the boron-doped diamond electrode in the presence of phosphate ions: effect of current density, pH, and chloride ions. Electrochim. Acta 54 (2009), 7048–7055.
33. [33] Wu, M., Zhao, G., Li, M., Liu, L., Li, D., Applicability of boron-doped diamond electrode to the degradation of chloride-mediated and chloride-free wastewaters. J. Hazard. Mater. 163 (2009), 26–31.
34. [34] Park, S., Lee, L.S., Medina, V.F., Zull, A., Waisner, S., Heat-activated persulfate oxidation of PFOA, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate, and PFOS under conditions suitable for in-situ groundwater remediation. Chemosphere 145 (2016), 376–383.
35. [35] Liu, C.S., Higgins, C.P., Wang, F., Shih, K., Effect of temperature on oxidative transformation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by persulfate activation of water. Sep. Purif. Technol. 91 (2012), 46–51.
36. [36] Niu, J., Li, Y., Shang, E., Xu, Z., Liu, J., Electrochemical oxidation of perfluorinated compounds in water. Chemosphere 146 (2016), 526–538.