Second tier proliferation: The case of pakistan and north korea

Nonproliferation Review

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 107-116

  Kampani, Gaurav ^a  

^a MONTEREY INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85013435487     PISSN: 10736700     EISSN: 17461766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10736700208436907     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Umer Farooq, “Pakistan Committed to Non-Proliferation, US Told,” Dawn (Karachi), November 13,1998, .
2. Umer Farooq, “Pakistani to Tighten Export Control Regime, ”Islamabad Radio, November 17,1998.
3. Ansar Abbasi, “Pakistan Puts Curbs on Export ofNuclear Material,”Daten (Karachi), March 11,1999, .
4. Ansar Abbasi, “Pakistan Accepts US Finalized N udear Control Law,” Pakistan Observer (Islamabad), May 1,1999, pp. l, ll.
5. Ansar Abbasi “Government Regulates Export ofNuclear Materials,” Dawn (Karachi), July 24, 2000, .
6. Dexter Filkins, “N. Korea Aid to Pakistan Raises Nuclear Fears,” Los Angeles Times, August 23,.1999, .
7. Dan Stober and Daniel Sncider, “U.S. Knew About Nuclear Link Between N. Korea, Pakistan,” San Jose Mercury News, October 23, 2002, .
8. David E. Sanger and James Dao, “U.S. Says Pakistan Gave Technology to North Korea,” New York Times October 17,2002, .
9. Glenn Kessler, “Pakistan’s N. Korea Deals Stir Scrutiny: Aid to Nuclear Arms Bid May Be Recent,” Washington Post, November 13, 2002, p.A0l.
10. David E. Sanger, “In North Korea and Pakistan, Deep Roots ofNuclear Barter,” New York Times, November21,2002, .
11. David E. Sanger, “Interview: NBC’s Meet the Press with Tim Russert,” U.S. Department of State, October 20,2002.
12. Pakistani Ambassador Ashraf Jehangir Qazi, “An Unwarranted Attack On Pakistan,” Washington Post, October 29,2002, p. 20.
13. Jim Hoagland, “Nuclear Enabler, ”Washington Post, Octo- ber23,2002.
14. Tim Weiner, “U.S. Says North Korea Helped Develop New Pakistani Missile,” NewYtrrkTimes, April 11, 1998, p.A3.
15. Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., A History of Ballistic Missile Development in the DPRK, Occasional Paper No. 2 (Monterey, CA: Monterey Institute of International Studies, 1999), pp. 23-24.
16. Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., “China’s Missile Exports and Assistance to Saudi Arabia, ”NT1: China Profiles Database, .
17. Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., “Pakistan,” Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat Through 2015, Unclassified Summary of National Intelligence Estimate, (Washington, DC: U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, December 2001), pp. 24-25.
18. Steve Weissman and Herbert Krosney, “Pakistan,” in The Islamic Bomb, (New York: Times Books, 1981).
19. Don Kirk, “North Korea Test-Fires a Missile off Japan’s North,” International Herald Tribune (Neuilly Cedex), September 1, 1998, p.l.
20. U.S. Department of State, “Daily Press Briefing with James E Rubin,"September 13,1999, .
21. Timothy Mc Carthy, “North Korean Ballistic Missile Programs: Soviet and Russian Legacies?” in Michael Barletta, ed., WMD Threats 2001: Critical Choices for the Bush Administration, Occasional Paper No. 6 (Monterey, CA: Monterey Institute of International Studies, 2001). pp. 9-12.
22. Joseph Cirincione with Jon B. Wolfsthal and Miriam Rajkumar, “Pakistan,” in Deadly Arsenals: Tracking Weapons of Mass Destruction (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2002), p. 213.
23. John R. Harvey, “Regional Ballistic Missiles and Strike Aircraft: Comparing Military Effectiveness, ”International Security 17 (Fall 1992), pp. 41-83.
24. Ramachandran, R., “Pakistan’s ballistic response,” Frontline 16 (April 24-May 7, 1999), .
25. David A. Cooper, “The United States and the Evolution of International Supply-Side Missile Non-Proliferation Controls, ”in Missile Proliferation and Defences: Problems and Prospects, Occasional Paper No. 7, (Southhampton, UK: Mountbatten Centre for International Studies and Monterey Institute of International Studies,2001), pp. 15-20.
26. David A. Cooper, “Pakistan,” Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat Through 2015, pp. 24-25.
27. David A. Cooper, “Pakistan Special Weapons Guide: Missiles,” Federation of American Scientists, .
28. David A. Cooper, “China and the MTCR,” NTI: China Profiles Database, .
29. David A. Cooper, “Pak. scientists fight for credit,” Hindu (Chennai), June 3,1998.
30. Rai Muhammad Saleh Azam, “Where Mountains Move: The Story of Chagai,” Pakistan Institute of Air Defence Studies, ; in Nation (Islamabad), May 28,2000.
31. Munir Ahmed Khan, “How Pakistan Made Nuclear Fuel,” Nation (Islamabad), February 7,1998.
32. Bill Gertz, “Iran Bound Mystery Freighter Carried Parts for Missiles,” Waslring- ton Times, July 16,1992, p. A3.
33. Bermudez, B.,“A History of Ballistic Missile Developments in the DPRK,” pp. 17, 21.
34. Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., “An Analysis of North Korean Ballistic Missile Testing,” Jane’s Intelligence Review, (April 1995), pp. 186-189.
35. Bermudez, B., “A History ofBallistic Missile Development in the DPRK,” pp. 23-24.
36. Bermudez, B., “Puk Han, Pakistan’e Missile Chaejoyong Hwahagmulchil Such’ul Shido, Choson llbo (Seoul), March 12, 1996, .
37. Bermudez, B., “Rocket Chejoyong Kwayomsosanyom/Puk, Pakistan Such’ul’gido,” Hankyoreh Shinmun (Seoul), March 13,1996; in KINDS, .
38. Filkins, F.,“N. Korea Aid to Pakistan Raises Nuclear Fears,” Los Angeles Times, August 23, 1999.
39. Julian West, “Pakistan Murder Exposes Nuclear Link: The Killing of a Diplomat’s Wife has Revealed the Sinister Connection Between the North Koreans and the Pakistanis,” Sunday Telegraph (London), November 1, 1998, p. 32.
40. Lee Ch’ol Min, “Pakistan, Puk’e Haekkisul Chegong,” Chosun llbo (Seoul), August 25, 1999, p. 10; in KINDS, .
41. Lee Ch’ol Min, “Pakistan Test Fires New Long-Range Missile,” AFP April 6,1998; in Lexis- Nexis Academic Universe, .
42. Weiner, W.,“U.S. Says North Korea Helped Develop New Pakistani Missile”; Bermudez, “A History of Ballistic Missile Development in the DPRK,” p. 24.
43. Kyodo News Service, “U.S. Slaps Sanctions on Pakistani, N. Korean Entities,” Japan Economic Newswire, May 5,1998; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, .
44. Kyodo News Service, “US Imposes Sanctions on Pakistan, N. Korea over Missile,” Asia Pulse (Sydney), May 6,1998; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, .
45. Bill Gern, “Pakistan Gets Help with Missile: North Korea Delivered Warhead Canisters for Ghauri Model,” Washington Times, September 14,1999, p. 1A; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, .
46. Manoj Joshi, “India Refuses to Let N. Korea Off the Hook,” Times of India (Mumbai), July 31,1999, .
47. Samina Ahmed, “Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons Program: Turning Points and Nuclear Choices,” International Security 23 (Spring 1999), pp. 185-188.
48. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, “Civil-Military Relations in Contemporary Pakistan,” Survival 40 (Summer 1998), pp. 96-113.
49. Mary Anne Weaver, “Daughter of Pakistan,” Pakistan: In the Shadow of Jihad and Afghanistan, (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2002), p. 206.
50. Mary Anne Weaver, “Pakistan sets up command and control authority for nuclear weapons, ”Deutsche Presse-Agentur; February 3,2000; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, .
51. Ahmed, A., “Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons Program: Turning Points and Nuclear Choices,” pp. 186,189-190.
52. Mikhail Popov, Rabochaya Tribuna, February 11,1993, p.3.
53. Farahtullah Babar, “An Embarrassing Episode,” The News (Islamabad), November 2,2001, .
54. Pervez Hoodbhoy, “Myth-Making: The ‘Islamic’ Bomb,” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists 49 (June 1993);inProQuest, .
55. Pervez Hoodbhoy, “Government, Pakistan Set for Nuclear Cooperation,” Al-Diyar (Beruit), 14 February 1992, pp. 13-14.
56. Pervez Hoodbhoy, “Spokesman Denies ‘Secret’ Nuclear Pact With Iran, ”Nuclear Developments, June 21,1988, p. 24.
57. Leonard Spector, “Islamic Bomb: West’s Long-Term Nightmare,” Washington Times, January 19, 1994, p. A19.
58. Leonard Spector, “Spokesman Denies Reported Nuclear Cooperation with Iran,” Pakistan Television Network, May 18, 1995; in FBIS-TAC-95-003,18 May 1995.
59. Juan Romero, “Charting Reactions to the Islamic Bomb,” Jane’s Intelligence Review (March 1999), pp. 32-37.
60. Paul Lewis, “Defector Says Saudis Sought Nuclear Arms,” New York Times, August 7,1994, p. 20.
61. Gerald Steinberg, “No Islamic Bomb Yet,” Jerusalem Post (Jerusalem), June 12,1998, .
62. F. J. Khergamvala, “Paper Interviews Author of Book on Pakistan Bomb,” Hindu (Chennai), September 2,1987, p. 8.
63. K. Subrahmanyam, “U.S. Role in Mideast Nuclear Proliferation Questioned,” Times of India (Mumbai), August 2,1994.
64. K. Subrahmanyam "Pakistani Scientist Credits Saudi Arabia for N-Test Help,” Nawa-l-Waqt (Rawalpindi), September23,2000, pp. 1,7.
65. Jane Perlez, “Saudi’s Visit to Arms Site in Pakistan Worries US,” NewYork Times, July 10,1999.
66. Ian Black and Richard Norton-Taylor; “Saudis Trying to Buy Nuclear Weapons,” Guardian (London), August4,1999, .
67. Turki al-Dakhil, “Prince Sultan: We Will Not Buy Pakistani ‘Shaheen’ Missiles,” AI-Hayat (London), May 8, 1999, p. 1,6.
68. Toni Marshall and Bill Gertz, “Visit to Pakistani Facility Raises Missile-Buying Questions,” Washington Times, August 6,1999.
69. Toni Marshall and Bill Gertz, “US refuses to criticize Pakistan over North Korea Claims,” Hindustan Times (New Delhi), November 26,2002, .
70. Toni Marshall and Bill Gertz, “US reaction’very severe’ if Pak-N Korea link proved, ”Daily Times (Islamabad), November 26,2002, .
71. Toni Marshall and Bill Gertz, “Presidential Determination No. 2001-28,” U.S. Department of State, September 22, 2001, .
72. Toni Marshall and Bill Gertz, “India and Pakistan: Lifting of Sanctions, Removal of Indian and Pakistani Entities and Revision in License Review Policy; Final Rule, ”Federal Register: Part IV, Department of Commerce: Bureau of Export Administration, October 1,2001, pp. 50090-50093.
73. Dan Balz, Bob Woodward, and Jeff Himmelman, “Afghan Campaign Blueprint Emerges: Part 3: September 13,” Washington Post, 29 January 2002, p. A01.
74. Bob Woodward and Dan Balz, “Combating Terrorism: ‘It Starts Today’-Part 6: September 16-17,” Washington Post, February 1,2002, p. A01.
75. Bob Woodward and Dan Balz, “Interview: Richard Armitage,”Hindu (Chennai), October22,2001, .
76. Glenn Kesslet, “Powell Says Pakistan Warned on N. Korean Ties,” Washington Post, November 26,2002,..
77. Glenn Kesslet, “Pakistan nuclear chief calls for making bombs,” Deutsche Presse-Agentur; June3,1998; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, .
78. Glenn Kesslet, “Government offers UAE nuclear training but not atomic bomb on platter;” Jasarat (Karachi), May 26,1991; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, .
79. Molly Moore and Kamran Khan, “Pakistan Moves Nuclear Weapons: Musharraf Says Arsenal Is Now Secure,” Washington Post, November 11 2001, p. A01.